Technology for Success Chapter/Module 4 Quiz Operating Systems/File Management

Windows OS

-Supports the Cortana virtual assistant, touchscreen input, HoloLens headsets, and built-in apps such as the Microsoft Edge browser. -Available on: Desktop computers, laptops, and some tablets

Microsoft Office File Types: .docx (Word, .xlsx (excel), .pptx (powerpoint)

.docx .xlsx .pptx

Webpage files

.htm or .html, .xml, .asp or .aspx, .css

Graphic Files

.jpg, .png, .tif

Text files

.txt, .rtf

Maximize Button 1 Minimize Button 2 Close Button 3 Restore Down Button 4

1. On the right side of windows title bar, the center button of three buttons; used to expand window so that it fills the entire screen. 2. On the right side of a windows title bar, the leftmost button of the three buttons; us to reduce a window so that it only appears as an icon on the taskbar. 3. in a windows title bar, the rightmost button; closes the open window, app or document. 4. on the right side of a maximized windows title bar, the center three buttons that reduces a window to its last non-maximized size; in a restored window, this button changes the maximize button.

Settings App

A Windows 10 app containing nine touch friendly categories of the most commonly used settings; more advanced settings in. the control panel of desktop app.

Control Panel

A collection of utility programs that determines how windows appears and performs on your computer.

Folder Window:

A file explorer window that displays contents of a folder, drive, or device. - To open go systems folder management tool ("File explorer" or "Finder" for macOS)

cache

A holding area where your browser keeps a copy of each webpage you view. This temporary storage area helps speed up processing time.

Shortcut Menu

A list of frequently used commands that relate to an object, typically displayed by right clicking; the commands on it are related to item you just clicked

UNIX

A multipurpose operating system that can run on a desktop PC or a server. Many web servers, which are Internet computers that store webpages and deliver them to your computer or device, use UNIX because it is a powerful, flexible operating system.

cloud

A storage area located on a server that you access through the Internet or a network. include Dropbox, Microsoft OneDrive, Google Drive, and iCloud

Clipboard

A temporary Windows storage area that holds the selections you copy or cut so you can use them later.

Explain how Operating System Works

An operating system takes care of the technical tasks of running the computer or device while you work on school or professional projects, other tasks, etc. The operating system is the essential software or app on your computer or device. Operating systems process data, manage memory, control hardware, and provide a user interface.

Input

Any data and instructions entered into the memory of a device. Like a touchscreen or using keyboard. Card readers, game controllers, and headsets with microphones, touch pads, and scanners are all examples.

Gigabytes

Approximately 1 billion bytes of data

Utilities

Apps or programs that enable you to perform maintenance-type tasks related to managing the computer or device like: manage files, search for content or programs, view images, install and uninstall programs and apps,

Buffer:

Area of memory that stores data and information waiting to be sent to an input or output device.

Chrome OS

Based on Linux, uses the Google Chrome browser as its user interface, and primarily runs web apps (an app stored on an Internet server that can be run entirely in a web browser) Available on: Chromebook laptops

Bootstrap Program

Built-in Startup program that executes series of tests to check components, including the RAM, Keyboard, and storage, and identifies connected devices and checks their settings. starts automatically when you turn on your computer or device

File:

Collection of information stored on your computers, such as a text document, spreadsheet, photo, and song.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Collective term for all the ways you interact with the device; Controls how you interact with menus, programs, and apps, and visuals such as icons by touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking buttons and other objects to issue demands - Like Equipment menus in video games

Personal Computer (PC) Operating System:

Computers designed for personal use, opposed to commercial use.

Memory:

Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions and results of processing the data into information.

Executable File:

Contains instructions your computer or device needs to run programs and apps. You run it to perform a task, such as opening a program or app. Cannot open or read.

Android Mobile Operating System

Developed by Google based on Linux, and designed to be run on many types of smartphones and tablets

Linux OS

Distributed under the terms of a General Public License (GPL), which allows you to copy the OS for your own use, to give to others, or to sell Available on: Desktop computers, laptops, and some tablets.

Virtual Machine:

Enables a a computer or device to run another operating system in addition to the one installed. runs separately in a section of the hard disk called a partition.

Search tool

Finds files that meet criteria you specify, such as characters in a file name, or the saved date

File management

Gives you an overview of stored files and lets you open, rename, delete, move, and copy files and folders

Mobile Operating System:

Has features similar to desktop operating system, but focused on needs of a mobile user, and capabilities of device. - works well with mobile touchscreens, voice recognition, and Wi-Fi networks Specialized functions: GPS, media players, phone cameras, text messaging.

Button:

Icons you click to execute commands you need to work with an office app

User Accounts:

Identifies to windows the resources, such as apps/storage locations, a user can access when working with the account. includes information such as the name or ID, and a password. - Like seperate users on HBO Max, or start-up page when PC turned on before logging in.

Tile:

In PowerPoint, a button on a power view navigation strip that is used to group data.

Library:

In Windows, a special folder that catalogs specific files and folders in central location, regardless of where the items are actually stored on your device, like photos, videos, music.

Data File:

In computer concepts, a file that contains words, numbers and pictures that you can manipulate. - A spreadsheet, a database, a presentation, and a word processing document are all examples.

macOS

Includes the Siri virtual assistant, coordination with Apple mobile devices, and cloud file storage Available on: Macintosh desktop computers and laptops

Output:

Information processed into useful form such as text, graphics, audio, video or any combination of these. Websites use combination of these. methods include speakers, headphones, and interactive whiteboards.

keyboard

Input device that contains not only characters such as letters, numbers, and punctuation, but also keys that can issue commands.

Measures File Size

Kilobytes, Megabytes, and Gigabytes

Shortcuts:

Link to a file, folder, or app that appears on the desktop.

Menu:

List of related items including folders, applications, and commands

Volatile memory

Memory that is temporary, and loses its contents when the power is turned off

Megabytes

Millions of bytes of data

Standard Operating System Functions (Short Answer)

Monitoring Security Controlling Network Access

UNIX OS

Multitasking operating system with many versions, as the code is licensed to different developers Available on: Desktop computers, laptops, some tablets.

Server Operating System:

Multiuser operating system because it controls a single, centralized server computer that supports many users on networked computers.

Folder:

Named location on a storage medium that usually contains related doucments.

Resources:

On a computer system, the components required to perform work, such as the processor, ram, storage space, and connected devices. tracks the names and locations of files, or alerts you if it detects a resource problem.

Program Window:

On a desktop or laptop computer, displays a running program - To Start click start button on taskbar, then app name. or to start on Mac click Launchpad icon in dock.

Desktop Operating System:

Operating system installed on a single computer.

Desktop:

Operating system screen that contains icons for programs, and files, as well as toolbars, taskbars, menus and buttons to use to start programs/Apps

Nonvolatile memory

Permanent memory whose contents remain on the computer or device even when it is turned off

ROM (read-only memory)

Permanently installed memory on your computer attached to the motherboard. The ROM chip contains the BIOS, which tells your computer how to start. - Example of non-volatile memory. Devices, such as printers, contain

Spooling:

Placing data into a buffer

Virtualization:

Practice of sharing computing resources, such as servers or storage devices, among computers and devices on a network. - Like Atlantic A+ system being run across entire atlantic network/data base.

Disk Cleanup Utility

Program that finds and removes unnecessary files, such as temporary internet files, or files in the recycle bin, and frees up space by reorganizing data.

Operating System (OS)

Program that manages the complete operation of computer or mobile device and lets you interact with it

Open Source:

Programs and apps (Including Operating systems) that have no restrictions from the copyright holder regarding modification and redistribution; user can add functionality, sell or give away their version to others. - Linux is an example of this. Can be dangerous if coder added malicious content to steal

Closed Source:

Programs that keep all or some of the code hidden, enabling them to control and profit from the program they create. - Standard Features, only customizable using OS's tools.

Administrator Accounts:

Provides full acccess to the computer; additional responsibilities associated with this include installing programs/apps, adjusting security settings, and managing network access.

Window

Rectangular-shaped work area that displays app or a collection of files, folders, and windows tools. Every time you open a new program or file, a new window opens

Reduces the size of a file to take up less storage space; compressed files often have a .zip file extension and need to be decompressed or unzipped before they can be opened

Reduces the size of a file to take up less storage space; compressed files often have a .zip file extension and need to be decompressed or unzipped before they can be opened

iOS Mobile Operating System

Runs only on Apple devices, including the iPhone, iPad, and iPod; derived from macOS

Icon:

Small picture that represents a program, file, or hardware device.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Software that is distributed online for a monthly subscription or an annual fee.

System Software

Software that runs a computer, including the operating system (MacOS, iOS, examples of systems/software by apple.) Operating system and Utility programs control behind-the scenes operations of computer/mobile device

Default settings

Standard settings that control how the screen is set up and how a document looks when you first start typing

Standard Operating System Functions (Long Answer)

Starting and shutting down a computer or device Managing programs Managing memory Coordinating tasks Configuring devices Establishing an Internet connection Monitoring performance Providing file management Updating operating system software Monitoring security Controlling network access

macOS Server

Supports all sizes of networks and servers. One unique feature is that it lets authorized users access servers using their iPhones or other Apple devices.

Virtual memory Also Called Swap File

The amount of information temporarily stored in a paging file. Switches data between memory and storage.

Kernel:

The core of an operating system; memory, runs programs, and assigns resources.

Explain Purpose of operating system

The operating system is responsible for coordinating the resources and activities on a computer. it accepts your instructions and data, and provides information from the system to you. The operating system also manages interactions between hardware and software.

File Format:

The organization and layout of data in a file.

Windows Server

The server version of Windows. It includes advanced security tools and a set of programs called Internet Information Services that manage web apps and services.

RAM (random access memory) - more RAM more efficiently it runs

The storage location that is part of every computer and that temporarily stores open apps and document data while a computer is on. - Common type of volatile memory. stores open apps and document data while a computer or device is on.

Kilobytes (KB):

Thousands of Bytes of data

File Extension

Three or Four-letter sequence, preceded by a period, at the end of a file name that identifies the file as a particular type of document, Examples: .docx (Microsoft Word document), or .jpg (a type of graphic file).

Boot Process:

Triggers a series of steps and checks as the computer loads the operating system.

Dialog Box

What system does Windows use to make adjustments such as: -Changing the brightness of the screen -Adding a desktop theme, which is a predefined set of elements such as background images and colors -Adjusting the screen resolution, which controls how much content you can see on a screen without scrolling -Adding a sound scheme, that associates sounds such as a bell chime with an event, such as closing a window -Pinning frequently used apps to the taskbar for easy access Selecting items to appear in the Notification area

Extra Knowledge

While you can have many files on your computer or device that have the same name, each folder can only include one file with the same name of the same type. To differentiate a version of a file without overwriting the original, you could add additional characters such as numbers, the date, or the initials of the person who modified the file.

Dialog Boxes:

Window with controls that lets you tell windows how you want to complete an application program's command.

pointing device

hardware device that lets you interact with your computer by controlling the movement of the mouse pointer on your computer screen; examples include a mouse, trackball, touchpad, pointing stick, onscreen touch pointer, a tablet, or for touch-enabled devices, your hand or finger.

File properties:

include the dates when the file was created, modified, and last accessed.

Active Window

the window you are currently using, in front of any other open window.

Flash memory

type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten store data and programs on many mobile and peripheral devices, such as smartphones and digital cameras.

file manager

used to reorder, move, or navigate between folders. Windows ten called * Explorer on macOS called * manager