Teeth Anatomy
What is the most commonly performed oral surgery in the horse?
tooth extraction
Give an example of an animal from the order edentata
anteater
what is the function of molars in dogs and cats?
crushing bone
What is the difference between a clinical crown and anatomical crown?
Clinical crown is erupted part of the tooth whereas the anatomical crown includes the root.
What does the ramus of the mandible articulate with?
the temporal bone of the skull
Which tooth is modified to form carnassial tooth in mandible of dog?
M1
what type of teeth do primates have that are specialised for chewing hard nuts and seeds?
compression teeth
What is a oronasal fistula?
connection between oral and nasal cavity
terminology for area of tooth above gum line?
coronal/occlusal
Give 3 reasons why you might need to extract teeth?
dental crowding, retained deciduous teeth, periodontal disease
What is the term for mammals having 2 sets of teeth?
diphyodont
caudal border of tooth?
distal
what are the 3 skull shapes in dogs and cats?
dolichocephalic, mesaticephalic, brachycephalic
what is the order of animals that have no teeth
edentata
Name 3 calcified tissues that make up a tooth?
enamel, cement, dentine
Name 4 components of a tooth
enamel, cement, dentine, connective tissue pulp
What does FORLs stand for?
feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions
What can extraction of canine teeth in dogs lead to?
fractures of mandible and oronasal fistula
What does plaque deposition lead to in cats?
gingivitis and periodontal disease
Give 3 functions of teeth
grinding, tearing and crushing food
What is the term for when teeth in different regions have a variety of shapes for different uses?
heterodont
What are the 4 different ways of classifying teeth?
how they are attached to the jaw, number of sets of teeth, morphology, length of crown
What does thecodont mean?
in mammals the teeth are implanted in deep sockets along the margin of the jaw
What type of teeth are armadillos and tree sloths lacking?
incisors and molars
What teeth are used to age horses?
lower incisors
Name 5 common dental problems in horses?
malocclusion, diastema, abscesses, canine caries, point formation
What is the jaw bone called?
mandible
In which bones of the skull are there alveoli?
mandible, maxillary and incisive
What is another term for lower arcade?
mandibular arcade
What does polyphyodont mean?
many vertebrates have multiple successions of teeth
in what type of horse do canines often not erupt?
mares
What is another term for upper arcade?
maxillary arcade
rostral border of tooth?
mesial
What are the 4 types of teeth in heterodont mammals
molars, pre-molars, canines, incisors
Which surface of the tooth is broader in molars?
occlusal
term used to describe medial border of teeth?
palatal/lingual
Give 4 reasons why a vet needs to know about dental formulae and tooth roots
patient welfare, tooth extraction, post-op outcome, medico-legal protection
what is the term for underbite?
prognathia
What does the first digit of the triad system indicate?
quadrant of the dental arcade
what end of diastema are canines located in the horse?
rostral end
How are carnassial teeth removed?
section them into 2 parts and remove rostral and distal parts separately
what is another term for carnassial teeth?
sectoral
what is the function of carnassial teeth?
shearing
What is the main purpose of dental formulae?
shorthand representation of the number of teeth of an animal
What are 3 functions of incisors?
snipping, nibbling, grooming
what is the function of canines?
tearing and grasping
What 2 sets of teeth do mammals develop?
temporary/deciduous/milk teeth and permanent teeth
What is the horizontal part of the mandible?
the body
What is the vertical end of the mandible?
the ramus
is the root or crown longer in canines?
the root
what is a diastema?
toothless gap
what shape is the crown of upper incisors?
tri-lobed
What is the name of the system in most dental charts?
triadan
what teeth do ruminants not have?
upper incisors and canines
Term used to describe lateral border of teeth?
vestibular/labial/buccal
What is another name for equine P1?
wolf tooth
what is another term for p1 in horses?
wolf tooth
do ruminants have a diastema?
yes
what shape is the crown of lower incisors?
bi-lobed
how many incisors do dogs and cats have in total?
12
how many pre-molars are there in total in dogs and cats?
16
How many roots do feline molars have?
2
How many roots do lower sectoral teeth have in dogs and cats?
2
how many roots does premolars 2, 3 and lower 4 have?
2
how many roots to lower molars have?
2
Do rabbits teeth have roots?
No
Do ruminants have upper incisor teeth?
No
what is the term for overbite?
brachygnathia
What is the blood supply for the teeth?
branches of the maxillary artery
why is often an issue when wolf teeth erupt in horses?
can cause issues with the bit
what is the lower 4th corner incisor in ruminants?
canines
What indicates permanent teeth in dental formulae?
capital letters
What commonly joins at the neck of a tooth?
cement and enamel
how many molars do dogs have in total?
10
How many roots does a canine tooth have?
1
how many roots do canines have?
1
how many roots do incisors have?
1
how many roots does the 1st premolar have?
1 or 2
How many deciduous teeth does a dog have?
28
What is the formula for equine deciduous dentition?
2x I3- C0- P3/ I3- C0- P3
What is the formula for equine permanent dentition?
2x I3- C1- P3(4) -M3/ I3- C1- P3(4)-M3
What is the dental formula for feline permanent teeth?
2x I3- C1- P3- M1/ I3- C1- P2- M1
What is dental formula for feline deciduous dentition?
2x I3- C1- P3/ I3 - C1- P2
What is the dental formulae for canine deciduous teeth?
2x I3- C1- P3/ I3 -C1 -P3
What is the formula for canine permanent teeth?
2x I3- C1- P4- M2/ I3- C1- P4 -M3
how many roots does the 4th upper premolar have?
3
how many roots to upper molars have?
3
How many teeth do cats have?
30
How many teeth do horses have?
36-44
how many canines do dogs and cats have in total?
4
How many permanent teeth does a dog have?
42
which teeth are carnassial teeth in dogs and cats?
4th upper premolar and lower 1st molar
What are the age intervals of ageing horses by looking at teeth?
5yo, 7yo, 10yo, 17yo
How long is root of canine tooth in dog?
70% of the length of the tooth
What does a 7 year old horses teeth look like?
Black cup gone, just enamel spot in the middle
What does a 10 year old horses teeth look like?
Enamel spot with black star below it
Name 8 bones of the skull
Frontal, parietal, zygomatic, palatine, temporal, incisive, maxilla, nasal
What is the difference between hypsodont and brachydont tooth?
In a hypsodont the enamel covered crown is held below the gum line (also cement covers the crown)
Why must horses teeth be rasped?
Irregular chewing movements cause the buccal edge of upper cheek teeth and lingual edge of lower teeth to form sharp protrusions.
What type of tooth is 4th corner incisor of ruminant?
Modified canine
What does a 5 year old horses teeth typically look like?
More rectangular shape with black cup with enamel around it
What does a 17 year old horses teeth look like?
More triangular in shape with just a black star in the middle
What is the big space of the ramus of the mandible for?
Muscle attachement of the masseter muscle
Which teeth are cats missing?
P1, M2 of upper arcade and P1, P2, M2 and M3 of lower arcade
Which tooth is modified to form sectorial tooth in maxilla of dog?
P4
Which of a cats teeth has 3 roots?
P4 of upper arcade
What is the nervous innervation to the teeth?
Trigeminal nerve (V2 and V3)
What does homodont mean?
all teeth are the same shape
What are the deep sockets called that mammals teeth are implanted into?
alveoli
What is the term for the bony sockets where roots of teeth are embedded?
alveoli
terminology for area of tooth below gum line?
apical
What is the term for teeth being arranged in rows?
arcades
What are the 3 types of teeth classified by how they attach to the jaw?
acrodont, pleurodont, thecodont
