Terms and things to know
International Paralympic Games
Events involving athletes with a range of physical disabilities. There are Winter and Summer Paralympic Games, which since the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, are held almost immediately following the respective Olympic Games. All Paralympic Games are governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
Commonwealth Games
Friendly Games - Multi-sport event involving athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations. The event was first held in 1930, and, with the exception of 1942 and 1946, has taken place every four years since then Commonwealth is former British Empire
Richard Jewell
Hero guard who discovered Centennial park bomb. Was temp under suspicion for planting the bomb before being proved innocent
Commonwealth Games Diversity
Athletes with a disability are included as full members of their national teams, making the Commonwealth Games the first fully inclusive international multi-sport event In 2018, the Games became the first global multi-sport event to feature an equal number of men's and women's medal events
Bread Not Circuses Coalition
Fought against Toronto bid for Olympics in 1996 - primary argument was housing. The Bread Not Circuses Coalition started in 1988 to oppose Toronto's bid for the 1996 Summer Games, was led by union leaders, human-rights lawyers, and activists
Games of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO)
Games set up by Indonesia as a counter to the Olympic Games. Established for the athletes of the so-called "emerging nations" GANEFO was the name given both to the games held in Jakarta in 1963 and the 36-member sporting federation established the same year. In response to the IOC suspending Indonesia
Intercalated Games - effect on Olympic movement
Gave the IOC a much-needed cash injection The idea of a 2 year interval was later used for the Winter Olympic Games
1928 Women's 800m
Linda Radke of Germany won Demonstrated the sexism and lack of medical knowledge of the effects of sports at the time. Event would be banned until 1960 after this. Medical science was incorrect at the time, believing high endurance was bad on the female body
dianabol
Metandienone, also known as methandienone or methandrostenolone and sold under the brand name Dianabol (D-Bol) among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is still quite often used because of its affordability and effectiveness for bulking cycles
Players on the Dream Team
Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen of the Chicago Bulls, John Stockton and Karl Malone of the Utah Jazz, Magic Johnson of the Los Angeles Lakers, Larry Bird of the Boston Celtics, Patrick Ewing of the New York Knicks, Chris Mullin of the Golden State Warriors, David Robinson of the San Antonio Spurs, and Charles Barkley of the Philadelphia 76ers.
Genocide Olympics
Name for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Controversial over the reported use of Uyghur muslims as slave labor
The Birds Nest
National Stadium, Beijing, built for 2008 Summer Olympics In spite of the lack of significant events, the stadium appears to be quite profitable, drawing some 20,000 to 30,000 people a day at the price of a 50 yuan admission. The stadium was used for the opening and closing ceremonies of 2022 Winter Olympics and 2022 Winter Paralympics. It is the only stadium to host both the Summer and Winter Olympics and Paralympics opening ceremonies
2015 FIFA Corruption case
Near the end of May 2015, 14 people were indicted in an investigation by the FBI and the IRS-CI into wire fraud, racketeering, and money laundering within FIFA. In particular, while pleading guilty and acting as an informant, former FIFA executive Chuck Blazer admitted to soliciting and accepting bribes during the process of awarding the 1998 World Cup to France and the 2010 World Cup to South Africa.
Front de Liberation du Quebec
Quebec separatist group, advocated violent separation from Canada and the establishment of a socialist state in the province.
Ban the Soviets Coalition
Russian-language billboards would line the Los Angeles highways, offering instructions on how to claim asylum. "This is the Land of Liberty and This is a Telephone Number You Can Call," read one proposed street sign. Safe houses would be established throughout Los Angeles, where fleeing athletes could find a place to stay and receive legal support. The Coalition claimed that its operatives had already begun to infiltrate the Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee and were well placed to assist defectors In response to Soviet jet fighters shooting down a Korean Airlines passenger flight in Russian airspace The Soviet Union didn't participate in 1984 L.A Games possibly b/c of the coalition
Boston 2024 bid rejection
The Boston 2024 Partnership was a privately backed, controversial bid to bring the 2024 Boston beat out Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Washington, DC for the official US bid. Boston was the only first-time bidder in the group. Polls conducted in early 2015 indicated declining support in the Boston area for hosting the Olympics. On July 27, 2015, the city and the USOC mutually agreed to terminate Boston's bid to host the Games
International Fair Play Committee
The CIFP, is a not-for-profit international non-governmental organization that serves to foster sportsmanship in international competition. It presents awards annually at the World Fair Play Awards to recognize acts of fair play carried out by sportspeople or teams. The awards ceremony is held in France and has been broadcast on television in Europe.
Atlanta Project Homeward Bound
To clean up city for 1996 Summer olympics there, officials gave homeless people bus tickets back to where they came from as long as they promised not to return. In a separate plan, the federal government will try to sweep career offenders from the streets by adding four prosecutors in the U.S. attorney's office to target felons with handguns and people making bomb threats before or during the Games
1968 Invasion of Czechoslovakia
Warsaw Pact invaded to stop liberalization. Czech athletes protested at '68 olympics in Mexico City
June Democratic Uprising
Was a pro-democracy movement in South Korea that generated mass protests from June 10 to June 29, 1987. The demonstrations forced the ruling government to hold elections and institute other democratic reforms which led to the establishment of the Sixth Republic, the present-day government of South Korea Unwilling to resort to violence before the 1988 Olympic Games, and (correctly) believing that President Roh could win competitive elections.
1916 Summer Olympics
officially known as the Games of the VI Olympiad, were scheduled to be held in Berlin, Germany, but were eventually cancelled due to the outbreak of World War I. Berlin was selected as the host city defeating bids from Alexandria, Amsterdam, Brussels, Budapest and Cleveland. After the 1916 Games were cancelled, Berlin would eventually host the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Amateur Athletic Union Boycott
over Nazi ban on Jewish participation in '36 olympics, wasn't backed officially and only conducted by athletes Judge Jeremiah Mahoney, president of the Amateur Athletic Union, led efforts to boycott the 1936 Olympics. He pointed out that Germany had broken Olympic rules forbidding discrimination based on race and religion. In his view, participation would indicate an endorsement of Hitler's Reich.
BALCO scandal
scandal involving the use of banned, performance-enhancing substances by professional athletes. The Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) was a San Francisco Bay Area business which supplied anabolic steroids to professional athletes. The incident surrounds a 2002 US federal government investigation of the laboratory
infrastructure
the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
Eastern Bloc
the eastern European countries of Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, and Eastern Germany allied with the Soviet Union during the cold war
judo
"gentle way" is a system of unarmed combat, modern Japanese martial art, and Olympic sport (since 1964) Judo was created in 1882 by Jigoro Kano
Stimulants
(second most common) - increase excitement and decrease the sensation of fatigue.
Anabolic steroids
(most common) - increase muscle mass and physical strength
diaspora
A dispersion of people from their homeland
Manifesto of 2,000 words
1968 Čáslavská signed the "Two Thousand Words," a document that called for more rapid progress toward real democracy in Czechoslovakia. After Soviet tanks entered Prague in August of that year, Čáslavská, facing possible arrest for her political stance, fled to the mountain village of Šumperk. She was granted permission
Festival of National Sports and Games of the Commonwealth of Independent States
2017 - held in Ulyanovsk - The main sports were sambo, tug of war, mas-wrestling, gorodki, belt wrestling, lapta, bandy (rink), kettlebell lifting, chess and archery. A few demonstration sports were also a part of the programme
How many times has London had the Olympics?
3 times - It is the first to do so
IOC 2000 Reform Commission
80-member board out together in the fallout of the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympic bid vote-buying scandal Banned all-expenses-paid visits to cities bidding for the Olympics The age limit for committee members was lowered from 80 to 70. Delegates voted unanimously to give up lifetime terms and approved the introduction of eight-year terms. The committee increased its maximum membership from 100 to 115 and filled the new spots with active Olympic athletes The executive board was expanded from 11 to 15 members
Black September
A Palestinian intentional terrorist organization who split from the PLO who were against Israel. They took captive and killed 11 Israeli athletes from the Munich Olympics Founded initially to fight Jordan however
dual-citizenship
A bylaw to Rule 41 of the Olympic Charter states that athletes with dual citizenship can represent the country they choose, and athletes who gain new citizenship or wish to change their Olympic status can do so if three years have passed since they competed for their previous country.
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
A non-governmental sports organization based in Lausanne, Switzerland. Founded by Pierre de Coubertin and Demetrios Vikelas in 1894, it is the authority responsible for organizing the modern (Summer, Winter, and Youth) Olympic Games. The IOC is the governing body of the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) and of the worldwide "Olympic Movement", the IOC's term for all entities and individuals involved in the Olympic Games. As of 2020, there are 206 NOCs officially recognized by the IOC.
Commonwealth Games - formation
A sporting competition bringing together the members of the British Empire was first proposed by John Astley Cooper in 1891 John Astley Cooper Committees were formed in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa to promote the idea and inspired Pierre de Coubertin
blood doping
A technique for temporarily improving athletic performance in which oxygen-carrying red blood cells previously withdrawn from an athlete are injected back just before an event How Lance Armstrong cheated
Hungarian Revolution of 1956
An attempt by Liberals in Hungary to overthrow the Soviet-backed Communist leadership of the country. The Soviet Union used very repressive means to put down the revolution. Thousands of Hungarian refugees were allowed to come to the West as immigrants.
Anthropology Days
Coincided with 1904 St. Louis olympics, was an exhibit of various native groups from around the world in constructed model villages doing tasks and sports. -A man named James E. Sullivan brought the games to St. Louis. He was a celebrity of an utterly archaic type, nationally famous for sponsoring and officiating athletic competitions. In 1904, he was the head of the fair's Department of Physical Culture. Just as the Department of Exploitation (that's what they called the marketing department) was designed to promote the virtues of the fair's attractions, Sullivan's group was charged with extolling the virtues of American-style athleticism. If the display of "primitive" people from around the world (and even from St. Louis' backyard—there were many Plains Indian tribesmen on exhibit) was meant to show Anglo-America's cultural superiority, Sullivan saw an Olympic games dominated by American achievement as a demonstration of our physical superiority.
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
Conceived as a hallmark of civic pride, the Coliseum was commissioned in 1921 as a memorial to Los Angeles veterans of World War I. Completed in 1923, it will become the first stadium to have hosted the Summer Olympics three times when it hosts the 2028 Summer Olympics; the stadium previously hosted the Summer Olympics in 1932 and 1984. It was designated a National Historic Landmark on July 27, 1984, a day before the opening ceremony of the 1984 Summer Olympics
Commonwealth of Independent States
Confederacy of independent states of the former Soviet Union that have united because of their common economic and administrative needs.
curling
Curling was a demonstration sport at the 1932 Games, and then again after a lengthy absence in 1988 and 1992. The sport was finally added to the official program for the Nagano 1998. Until 2018, only men's and women's events were contested. Since the 1998 Olympics, Canada has generally dominated the sport Is a winter sport
Dick, Kerr Ladies
Dick, Kerr Ladies F.C. was one of the earliest known women's association football teams in England. The team remained in existence for over 48 years - attracting mass crowds in early days. In 1920, Dick, Kerr Ladies defeated a French side 2-0 in a match that went down in history as the first international women's association football game. The team faced strong opposition by the Football Association (FA), who banned the women from using fields and stadiums controlled by FA-affiliated clubs for 50 years (the rule was repealed in 1971)
International Workers Olympiads - What were they opposed to
Disagreed with the extremely discrimintory way the Coubertin-esq Olympics were run, and on the open collaboration between IOC and Nazi Germany The international workers' sports movement did not believe that the true Olympic spirit could be achieved in an Olympic movement dominated by aristocratic leadership. Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the International Olympic Committee, had always opposed women's participation and supported the cultural superiority of white Europeans over other races. His followers, Henri de Baillet-Latour and Avery Brundage, were openly anti-semitic and both collaborated with the Nazis. On the contrary, the Workers' Olympiads opposed all kinds of chauvinism, sexism, racism and social exclusiveness. The Olympic Games were based in rivalry between the nations, but the Workers' Olympiads stressed internationalism, friendship, solidarity and peace.
Dinabol - relation to the book
During the 1960 Olympics, the Danish cyclist Knud Enemark Jensen collapsed and died while competing in the 100-kilometer (62-mile) race. An autopsy later revealed the presence of amphetamines and a drug called nicotinyl tartrate in his system
1968 Black Power protest
During their medal ceremony in the Olympic Stadium in Mexico City on October 16, 1968, two African-American athletes, Tommie Smith and John Carlos, each raised a black-gloved fist during the playing of the US national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner". While on the podium, Smith and Carlos, who had won gold and bronze medals respectively in the 200-meter running event of the 1968 Summer Olympics, turned to face the US flag and then kept their hands raised until the anthem had finished. In addition, Smith, Carlos, and Australian silver medalist Peter Norman all wore human-rights badges on their jackets. The demonstration is regarded as one of the most overtly political statements in the history of the modern Olympics The athletes were banned by Brundage and faced backlash within USA
Early adopters of Dinabol
Early adopters included players for Oklahoma University and San Diego Chargers head coach Sid Gillman, who administered Dianabol to his team starting in 1963
IOC Agenda 2020
Entire goal is to drastically cut the cost it takes for a country to host the Olympics The International Olympic Committee has unanimously passed 40 reforms proposed by president Thomas Bach. The steps will see the Olympics being staged in two countries, new sports added and an Olympics TV channel.
Drugs included in BLANCO
Erythropoietin, human growth hormone, modafinil, testosterone cream, and tetrahydrogestrinone.
Examples of stimulants
Examples of well-known stimulants include caffeine, cocaine, amphetamine, modafinil, and ephedrine. Caffeine, although a stimulant, has not been banned by the International Olympic Committee or the World Anti Doping Agency since 2004
1976 New Zealand Rugby Team Tour
In 1976 the All Blacks toured South Africa, with the blessing of the then-newly elected New Zealand Prime Minister, Rob Muldoon. Twenty-five African nations protested against this by boycotting the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. In their view the All Black tour gave tacit support to the apartheid regime in South Africa. The five Maori players on the tour, Bill Bush, Sid Going, Kent Lambert, Bill Osborne and Tane Norton, as well as ethnic-Samoan Bryan Williams, were offered honorary white status in South Africa.
1976 Denver Winter Games
In a statewide referendum on 7 November 1972, Colorado voters rejected funding for the games, and for the first time, a city awarded the Games rejected them. They rejected due to costs and enviromental concerns Went to Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
doping
In competitive sports, doping is the use of banned athletic performance-enhancing drugs by athletic competitors
1984 LA games boycott
In response to US-led boycott of '80 games. They organized the Friendship games instead. Libya and Ethiopia were the only nations to boycott both the 1976 Montreal and 1984 Los Angeles Games
Lausanne, Switzerland
In the 20th century, Lausanne became a focus of international sport, hosting the International Olympic Committee (which has recognized the city as the "Olympic Capital" since 1994), the Court of Arbitration for Sport and some 55 international sport associations.
Gleneagles Agreement
In the Gleneagles Agreement, in 1977, Commonwealth Presidents and Prime Ministers agreed, as part of their support for the international campaign against apartheid, to discourage contact and competition between their sportsmen and sporting organisations, teams or individuals from South Africa
Blood in the water deep dive
In the morning before the start, the Hungarians had created a strategy to taunt the Russians. From the beginning, kicks and punches were exchanged. With one minute remaining in the match, Hungary was leading 4-0. Zádor was marking Valentin Prokopov, with whom he had already exchanged words, and a whistle was blown. In the intermission, Prokopov struck him, causing a bleeding gash. Zádor left the pool; his bleeding was the final straw for a crowd already in frenzy. Many angry spectators jumped onto the concourse beside the water, shook their fists, shouted abuse, and spat at the Russians Police quickly stopped the match as to avoid a full-blown riot
Louisiana Purchase Centennial Exposition in St Louis
Informally known as the St. Louis World's Fair, was an international exposition held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from April 30 to December 1, 1904. Local, state, and federal funds totaling $15 million were used to finance the event. More than 60 countries and 43 of the then-45 American states maintained exhibition spaces at the fair, which was attended by nearly 19.7 million people Completely dabbed on the 1904 Olympics
International Workers Olympiads
International Workers' Olympiads were an international sporting event arranged between 1925 and 1937 by Socialist Workers' Sport International (SASI). It was an organisation supported by social democratic parties and International Federation of Trade Unions. Workers' Olympiads were an alternate event for the Olympic Games. The participants were members of various labor sports associations and came mostly from Europe
Dinabol - Creator
John Ziegler - The father of anabolic steroids in the United States In 1954, on his tour to Vienna with his team for the world championship, Ziegler learned from his Russian colleague that the Soviet weightlifting team's success was due to their use of testosterone as a performance-enhancing drug. Deciding that U.S. athletes needed chemical assistance to remain competitive, Ziegler worked with the CIBA Pharmaceutical Company to develop an oral anabolic steroid. This resulted in the creation of methandrostenolone, which appeared on the market in 1960 under the brand name Dianabol
Judo - General knowledge
Judo rose to prominence for its dominance over established jujutsu schools in tournaments hosted by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, resulting in its adoption as the department's primary martial art. As "jujutsu" was a Japanese term referring to this sub-type of martial arts in general, Judo was colloquially known as Kano Jujutsu or Kano Ryu to differentiate it from other jujutsu schools; this naming convention decreased in prominence
Conflict in Darfur
Olympic Dream for Darfur is an organization and campaign to pressure the Government of the People's Republic of China to intervene on the side of civilians in the Darfur conflict. It claims that the Chinese government has the requisite influence to pressure the Sudanese government to accept international police into its country, although China disputes this. The methods of the campaign are alternative torch relays and boycotts intended to disrupt the 2008 Summer Olympics
International Stoke Mandeville Games Committee (ISMGC)
On 29 July 1948, the day of the Opening Ceremony of the London 1948 Olympic Games, Dr. Guttmann organized the first competition for wheelchair athletes which he named the Stoke Mandeville Games, a milestone in Paralympic history. They involved 16 injured servicemen and women who took part in archery. In 1952, Dutch ex-servicemen joined the Movement and the International Stoke Mandeville Games were founded.
2011 Mount Elbrus terrorist attack
On February 18, 2011, two unidentified men stopped a van carrying five Moscow tourists to the Elbrus area—the men opened fire on the passengers after claiming to be plainclothes policemen. Three of the passengers died; two were hospitalized. Later that day, a bomb damaged a support tower for a cable car that travels up the side of Mount Elbrus. Thirty of the forty-five cars were damaged, but no people suffered injuries. The attacks happened just two weeks after Russian Federation President Dmitriy Medvedev unveiled a $15 billion plan to establish five ski resorts in the war-torn Caucasus Mountains, which guard the border between Russia and Georgia. Additionally, development for the 2014 Winter Olympics, slated to take place in Sochi, Russia, is in full swing less than 250km to the west
Korean Air Flight 007
On September 1, 1983, the South Korean airliner servicing the flight was shot down by a Soviet Sukhoi Su-15 interceptor. The Boeing 747 airliner was en route from Anchorage to Seoul, but due to a navigational mistake made by the KAL crew the airliner deviated from its original planned route and flew through Soviet prohibited airspace around the time of a U.S. aerial reconnaissance mission The downing of it caused backlash against USSR and Ban-the-Soviets colation
African Boycott of Montreal Games
Organized by Tanzania, was in protest of the New Zealand Rugby Team that toured apartheid South Africa despite United Nations call of a sports embargo on South Africa Algeria, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, the Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, Iraq, Kenya, Libya, Malagasy Republic, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Upper Volta, and Zambia - 23 nations around Cameroon's cycling team accidentally competed because they didn't know about the boycott
International Paralympic Games - funding
Paralympians strive for equal treatment with non-disabled Olympic athletes, but there is a large funding gap between Olympic and Paralympic athletes
"The Big Owe"
Stadium in Montreal built for the 1976 Summer Olympics It is also disparagingly referred to as "The Big Owe" in reference to the high cost to the city of its construction and of hosting the 1976 Olympics as a whole It also sucked so hard that it helped drive the Expos out of Montreal & into DC
Exposition Universelle in Paris
The 1900 Olympics was held in conjunction with the Paris worlds fair, similar to the Louisiana Purchase Expedition and the 1904 Olympics in St. Louis- these two Olympics were basically failures because the fairs overshadowed the games
austerity olympics
The 1948 Summer Olympics was from 29 July to 14 August 1948 in London, United Kingdom Following a twelve-year hiatus caused by the outbreak of World War II, these were the first Summer Olympics held since the 1936 Games in Berlin. The 1948 Olympic Games were also the first of two summer Games held under the IOC presidency of Sigfrid Edström The 1948 Olympics came to be known as the "Austerity Games" due to the difficult economic climate and rationing imposed in the aftermath of World War II. No new venues were built for the games, and athletes were housed in existing accommodation at the Wembley area instead of an Olympic Village UK came in 12th
1952 POW Olympics
The 1952 Inter-Camp P.O.W. Olympics, also known as Inter-Camp POW Olympic Games, was a mock Olympic Games held at the Pyuktong Prisoner-of-War Camp of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army during the Korean War. The athletes were all United Nations POWs. It was often used as a propaganda campaign by China and North Korea to encourage more UN soldiers to surrender.
1972 Olympics Men's Basketball Finals
The 1972 Olympic men's basketball final was one of the most dramatic events in Olympic history. With the ending mired in controversy, the results disputed to this day, it was the first ever loss for Team USA since the sport began Olympic play at the 1936 Berlin Olympics. The United States team had won the previous seven gold medals at the Olympics, and was among the contenders to win another in Munich at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Both the U.S. and the Soviet Union convincingly won their first eight games of the tournament. The US team put its overall Olympic record at 63-0 and advanced to the final against the USSR.
Dream Team
The 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team, nicknamed the "Dream Team", was the first American Olympic team to feature active professional players from the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team has been described by journalists around the world as the greatest sports team ever assembled
2002 Salt Lake City Olympic bid vote-buying scandal
The 2002 Olympic Winter Games bid scandal was a scandal involving allegations of bribery used to win the rights to host the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. Prior to its successful bid in 1995, the city had attempted four times to secure the games, failing each time. In 1998, members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) were accused of taking gifts from the Salt Lake Organizing Committee (SLOC) during the bidding process. The allegations resulted in the expulsion of several IOC members, and the adoption of new IOC rules. Although nothing strictly illegal had been done, it was felt that the acceptance of the gifts was morally dubious.
Centennial Olympic Park bombing
The Centennial Olympic Park bombing was a domestic terrorist pipe bombing attack on Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta, Georgia, on July 27, 1996, during the Summer Olympics. The blast directly killed one person and injured 111 others; another person later died of a heart attack. It was the first of four bombings committed by Eric Rudolph. Security guard Richard Jewell discovered the bomb before detonation and began clearing spectators out of the park
Circassian Genocide
The Circassian genocide or Tsitsekun was the Russian Empire's systematic mass murder, ethnic cleansing, and expulsion of 80-97% of the Circassian population The Circassians are an ethnic group from the North Caucasus Activists say the Sochi Olympics is an "outrage" because the event falls on the 150th anniversary of the genocide. This and stuff over in Chechnya were the 2 main causes of security concern at Sochi
Deaflympics
The Deaflympics also known as Deaflympiad (previously called World Games for the Deaf, and International Games for the Deaf) are a periodic series of multi-sport events sanctioned by the IOC - Athletes cannot be guided by sound
Franco-British Imperial Exhibition in London
The Franco-British Exhibition was a large public fair held in London between 14 May and 31 October 1908. The exhibition attracted 8 million visitors and celebrated the Entente Cordiale signed in 1904 by the United Kingdom and France The fair was the largest exhibition of its kind in Britain, and the first international exhibition co-organised and sponsored by two countries
Intercalated Games - decline
The Greeks were, despite their best efforts, unable to keep the schedule for 1910. While there had been serious political tensions in the Balkans, the modern Greeks found out their ancient ancestors were right: a two-year interval was too short. There had been effectively a gap of six years before Athens 1906, but Athens 1910 would have left a gap of two years after the 1908 London Games, which would have made it virtually impossible to prepare
International Fair Play Committee - Founding
The IFPC was established in France in 1963 by members of UNESCO, International Sports Press Association (ISPA), ICSSPE, FIFA, FIBA, FILA, and the International Rugby Board. The committee presented its first award two years later: Eugenio Monti, an Italian bobsleigher, was the recipient. The spare part Monti had given to rival Tony Nash at the 1964 Winter Olympics had enabled the Briton to go on to win the gold medal
Intercalated Games
The Intercalated Olympic Games were to be a series of International Olympic Games halfway between what is now known as the Games of the Olympiad. This proposed series of Games, intercalated in the Olympic Games cycle, was to always be held in Athens, and were to have equal status with the international Games. However, the only such Games were held in 1906 - said game was extremely successful
Catalan Olympic Committee
The Olympic Committee of Catalonia is a currently unrecognized National Olympic Committee who tried to organize the direct representation of Catalonia in the Olympic Games and other sporting events related to it.
decolonization
The Olympic Games have been criticized as upholding (and in some cases increasing) the colonial policies and practices of some host nations and cities either in the name of the Olympics by associated parties or directly by official Olympic bodies, such as the International Olympic Committee, host organizing committees and official sponsors
1968 Olympic boycott
The Olympic Project for Human Rights (OPHR) The group advocated a boycott of the 1968 Summer Olympic Games in Mexico City unless four conditions were met: South Africa and Rhodesia uninvited from the Olympics The restoration of Muhammad Ali's world heavyweight boxing title. Avery Brundage to step down as President of the International Olympic Committee. Hiring of more African-American assistant coaches
International Paralympic Games - devoplment
The Paralympics has grown from a small gathering of British World War II veterans in 1948 to become one of the largest international sporting events by the early 21st century. The Paralympics has grown from 400 athletes with a disability from 23 countries in 1960 to thousands of competitors from over 100 countries at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. First Offical one in Rome, 1960
1980 Moscow games boycott
The Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979 led to the largest boycott in the history of the Olympic movement. Approximately 61 countries (including US) boycotted. A number of Western countries did not observe the boycott, notably Great Britain, France, Italy, and Sweden. In all, about 5,000 athletes representing 81 countries did attend the Games. Several of the participating countries refused to attend the opening ceremony, and the Olympic hymn was played at several medal ceremonies, rather than the appropriate national anthem. .
1976 Soweto Uprising
The Soweto uprising was a series of demonstrations and protests led by black schoolchildren in South Africa that began on the morning of 16 June 1976. Students from numerous Sowetan schools began to protest in the streets of Soweto in response to the introduction of Afrikaans as the medium of instruction in local schools It is estimated that 20,000 students took part in the protests. They were met with fierce police brutality and many were shot and killed. The number of people killed in the uprising is usually given as 176, but estimates of up to 700 have been made. In remembrance of these events, 16 June is now a public holiday in South Africa, named Youth Day
1992 Unified Team
The Unified Team at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, was a joint team consisting of twelve of the fifteen former Soviet Union republics that chose to compete together. Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania competed separately. The team has been informally called the Commonwealth of Independent States team. A total of 475 competitors, 310 men, and 165 women took part.
excavation of Olympia
The first excavations were conducted around the Temple of Zeus in 1829 by the French Expédition Scientifique de Morée, led by Abel Blouet Later stuff done by germans, but lots of the artifacts of Olympia were stolen and placed in foreign museums
Deaflympics history
The first games, held in Paris in 1924, were the first ever international sporting event for athletes with a disability. The event has been held every four years since, apart from a break for World War II, and an additional event, the Deaflympic Winter Games, was added in 1949
cultural olympiad
The first non-competitive Cultural Olympiad took place in Helsinki in 1952. Each Olympic city since has held a Cultural Olympiad, with each host city coming up with their own format and content. For example, Montreal in 1976 and Moscow in 1980 presented only native artists. In 1988 Seoul featured traditional and modern Korean art forms, while Mexico City, Munich, Los Angeles and Barcelona all went the international route. Most Cultural Olympiad programs ran anywhere from four to ten weeks
Association of National Olympic Committees
The organization's purpose is for the IOC to manage the general affairs for the National Olympic Committees, to give them their support, advice, cooperation, and recommendations for their development The Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC) is an international organization that affiliates the current 206 National Olympic Committees recognized by the IOC. Each year it gathers all its members at the ANOC General Assembly, in which the ANOC Awards are awarded to NOCs and their athletes since 2014. The association organises the ANOC World Beach Games, a multi-sport event held every two years
"Katarina Rule" (figure skating)
The so-called "Katarina rule" required female skaters to cover their "hips and posterior," and was instituted thanks to Katarina Witt's racy costume at the 1988 games. (it showed her butt) The rule was repealed in 2004, and skaters were allowed to wear unitards, tights, or pants if they chose
Corridart
Was an almost 6 km (4 mile) long public exhibit of monumental installation artwork that took place in Montreal, Quebec, Canada Corridart never officially opened to the public. In a controversial decision, Mayor Jean Drapeau had the entire exhibit torn down during the evening of July 13, two days before the Olympic games began Most of the works were destroyed beyond repair or recognition, leading to a legal battle that lasted for ten years - city officials made a big boo-boo
Friendship Games
Was an international multi-sport event held between 2 July and 16 September 1984 in the Soviet Union and eight other socialist states which boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. 50 states took part in the competition. While the boycotting countries were represented by their strongest athletes, other states sent their reserve teams, consisting of athletes who failed to qualify for Los Angeles
Blood in the Water match
Water polo, Hungary vs USSR, 1956 Melbourne Olympics, Hungary beat USSR 4-0. Same year as Hungarian revolution. Got name from the fight that happened in the water with Zádor (Hungarian team cap)
amateurism
based on the ideal that participation in sport should be for the love of it rather than for monetary gain
Free Tibet Movement
began between 1987 and 1989 and was formed in response to protests in Tibet at the time which were violently suppressed by the Chinese government. Some claim hundreds of people were killed or injured during the period including Tibetans and Chinese soldiers. Mass protests during Olympics
