Test 1 History before 1877

American presidents during the Gilded Age exerted strong, effective, executive leadership.

False

Ironically, the Farmers' Alliance found greater support among industrial workers than among small farmers.

False

The West was a remarkably homogeneous region--only in the twentieth century would it become ethnically diverse.

False

What was the significance of the Reconstruction Act of March 1867?

It divided the South into five military districts and called for the creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote.

What U.S. President, a century after the rise of exclusionary immigration laws passed by Congress in the late 1800s, generated a bitter public and international debate for launching an effort to build an actual wall along the U.S.-Mexico border?

President Donald Trump

Which of the following was a principle of the American Federation of Labor?

The labor movement should devote itself to negotiating with employers for higher wages and better working conditions.

By the early 1890s, a pension system for Union soldiers, their widows, and children consumed more than 40 percent of the federal budget.

True

In 1900, the Foraker Act declared Puerto Rico and "insular territory," meaning it was different from previous territories in the West.

True

Like the American Federation of Labor, the National American Woman Suffrage Association was infused with the social elitism of the times.

True

The Platt Amendment authorized the United States to intervene militarily in Cuba whenever it saw fit.

True

The "subtreasury plan" was

a plan to establish federal warehouses where farmers could store crops until they were sold.

Which of the following was a reason for America's imperial expansion?

a quest on the part of business for new markets and natural resources

Which of the following was a strategy of the Populists?

holding public events to give their followers a sense of power and community

The Black Codes were

laws that sought to regulate the lives of former slaves in the South.

By 1913, the United States produced how much of the world's industrial output?

one-third

What was the name of the 1899 policy established by Secretary of State John Hay regarding China?

the Open Door policy

The "splendid little war" of 1898 was

the Spanish-American War.

Which of the following were sources of violence in America during the Gilded Age?

white supremacist southern attacks on African Americans

In what year did Congress grant citizenship to all Native Americans?

1924

Who was the African-American leader who delivered a speech in 1895 at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition urging black Americans to adjust to segregation and stop agitating for civil and political rights?

Booker T. Washington

With the mechanization of manufacture, skilled workers virtually disappeared from industrial America.

False

Which statement accurately describes sharecropping?

It allowed a black family to rent part of a plantation, with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year.

Between 1879 and 1880, an estimated 40,000-60,000 African-Americans migrated to

Kansas.

What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886?

Knights of Labor

The phrase "forty acres and a mule" is derived from

Sherman's Field Order 15.

The poem by Emma Lazarus including "huddled masses yearning to breathe free" is located on which American landmark?

Statue of Liberty

In President Andrew Johnson's view, African-Americans ought to play what part in Reconstruction?

They should have no role in shaping policies.

"Scalawags" was a derogatory term used to describe southern white Republicans.

True

During Reconstruction, some 2,000 African-Americans held public office, among them fourteen in the U.S. House of Representatives and two U.S. senators.

True

The KKK was founded in 1866 as a secret society and served, in effect, as a military arm of the Democratic Party.

True

The civil rights era of the 1950s and 1960s is sometimes called the "Second Reconstruction."

True

In the era from 1870 to 1890, the label "the Gilded Age" originally derived from

a derogatory name from literature meaning covered with gold but what lies beneath is of little value.

A "carpetbagger" was

a northerner who settled in the South after the war.

Which of the following best describes the "Ghost Dance"?

a pan-Indian movement that involved singing, dancing, and religious observances

Which of the following was a major factor in the creation of a rapid and profound economic revolution in the United States after the Civil War?

abundant natural resources

William "Buffalo Bill" Cody was

an entertainer who had a traveling show showcasing reenactments of battles with Indians.

In 1903, for the first time in U.S. history, Congress passed a law declaring that a person holding a specific political viewpoint could be banned from entering the nation. These were the

anarchists.

What were critics of immigration worried about during this time period?

declining birth rate among white women

In 1890, the distribution of wealth in the United States was

disproportionate, as the top 1 percent of Americans owned more property than the remaining 99 percent.

One of the main purposes of the Freedmen's Bureau was to

ensure a working system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders.

What did three amendments to the U.S. Constitution guarantee to former slaves shortly after the Civil War?

freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; and the vote for adult black men

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony opposed the Fifteenth Amendment because

it outlawed discrimination in voting based on race but not gender.

The 1887 Dawes Act

led to the loss of tribal lands and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions.

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race.

The Bureau of Indian Affairs established boarding schools for the purpose of

removing Indian children from their parents and tribes and assimilating them into "white ways."

The Redeemers in the South

slashed state budgets and reduced spending on public schools.

What product ultimately led the United States in part to annex the Hawaiian islands in the late 1890s?

sugar

Founded in 1867, this group was critical of railroad companies and moved to establish cooperatives for storing and marketing farm output in the hope of forcing freight carriers to reduce shipping costs.

the Grange

The idea of a romanticized version of slavery in the Old South, focusing on the Confederate experience, was called

the Lost Cause.

Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction era shared the view that

the Union victory created an opportunity to institutionalize the principle of equal rights regardless of race.

The Reconstruction amendments to the U.S. Constitution helped to create

the first national biracial democracy in world history.

What activity made the post-emancipation experience in the United States unique from other societies and became central to the former slaves' desire for empowerment and equality?

the right to vote within two years of the end of slavery

Elk v. Wilkins (1884) stated that

the rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments did not apply to American Indians.

Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction

were often arrested and hired out to white landowners.