Test 1 Management pt 2

Peter Senge's theory of learning organizations states that

modern organizations must be in a state of constant learning through continuous improvement and adaptation.

____ coined the term management by objectives in his 1954 work Practice of Management.

Peter Drucker

The Functional Definition of Management

Planning Organizing Coordinating Controlling Commanding

What name is given to an interpretation of the purpose of life, stating that, instead of merely waiting on earth for release into the next world, people should pursue an occupation and engage in high levels of worldly activity so that they can fulfill their calling?

Protestant ethic

Which of the following characteristics relates to social forces?

The relationship of people to each other within a particular culture

In Douglas McGregor's famous book The Human Side of Enterprise, he popularized the set of managerial assumptions known as

Theory X versus Theory Y.

You install a televised surveillance system in your doughnut shop so that you can keep an eye on every single employee, even when you are in your office. Your behavior is best described by

Theory X.

Douglas McGregor labeled and explained a nontraditional approach known as

Theory Y, in contrast to the traditional approach of Theory X.

The behavioral approach to management emphasizes

the importance of human behavior, needs, and attitudes within organizations.

As such, the contingency approach maintains that

there is no one best way to manage.

Administrative management emphasizes the

universality of management as a function that can be applied to all organizations.

Sigmund Freud's work on

"transference" showed that awareness of transferences is an important skill with respect to effective management leadership.

Classical theories emphasized

work and getting it done efficiently.

Which of the following characteristics relates to the quantitative approach?

A viewpoint of management that emphasizes the application of mathematical models, statistics, and structured information systems to support rational management decision making

The psychologist who developed the idea that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance is

Abraham Maslow.

You believe that America's health care system will fix itself if the government simply leaves it alone. Your belief would probably be supported by which of the following persons?

Adam Smith

What term describes the universality of management as a function that can be applied to all organizations?

Administrative management

What is the systems approach to management theory?

An approach to management theory that views organizations and the environments within which they operate as sets of interrelated parts to be managed as a whole in order to achieve a common goal

You have an employee-of-the-year award in your insurance business for the employee who consistently has the best attitude and gives the best service to your customers, as measured by compliments you receive about them. Which approach to management is your award based on?

Behavioral

What term describes an approach to management that stresses the manager's role in a formal hierarchy of authority and focuses on the task, machines, and systems needed to accomplish the task efficiently?

Classical approach

What term describes an approach to management theories that emphasizes identifying the key variables in each management situation, understanding the relationships among these variables, and recognizing the complex system of cause and effect that exists in each and every managerial situation?

Contingency approach

You own and operate your own hamburger stand. One of your employees makes the hamburger patties, a second grills them, a third slaps them in buns, and a fourth sells them to customers. You are utilizing what management concept or theory?

Division of labor, or specialization

The scientific-management theorist who studied the motions of bricklayers and nearly tripled their productivity was

Frank Gilbreth.

In addition to Taylor, other contributors to scientific management included

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Henry Gantt, and Morris L. Cooke.

Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor both advocated which of the following approaches to management?

It should be more humanistic.

A Timeline of the Development of Management Theory

Look at PowerPoint

The religious movement that argued that each person should consider himself or herself a member of the "elect" was led by

Martin Luther and John Calvin

Contributors to the classical approach to management

Scientific Management Thinkers Fredrick Taylor: Developed the theory of scientific management. Stated that managers have the ability to discover "the best way" The Gilbreths Henery Gantt Morris L. Cooke Administrative Management Thinkers Henri Fayol Max Weber

A management theory is

a systematic statement, based on observations, of how the management process might best occur, given stated underlying principles.

Henri Fayol defined management as

a universal process composed of five functions and developed principles needed to coordinate all the activities of the entire organization

All of the following are advantages of division of labor or specialization EXCEPT

ach worker is more motivated to produce because of the challenge of the task.

All of the following are basic tenets of capitalism as set forth in The Wealth of Nations EXCEPT

all rights of ownership are assigned to the government, the church, and a wealthy few.

Max Weber's ideas about bureaucracy added the

concept of rational authority and management by position to classical management theory.

Chester Barnard believed that

cooperative systems and the acceptance theory of authority helped organizations to adjust effectively to a constantly changing external environment.

The Hawthorne studies brought to managers' attention the

critical nature of the social needs of workers and led to the development of the human-relations movement.

The main criticisms of the classical theories are that they

focused too narrowly on work, machines, authority structures, and efficiency, and that they ignored the human aspect of work.

Mary Parker Follett had strong views on the

importance of integrative unity, shared power, and human cooperation.

Peter Drucker's predictions about the

importance of knowledge workers, long-term sustainability, and corporate social responsibility have become important parts of management in the twenty-first century.

However, the basic purpose behind each classical theory was to

improve the standard of living and quality of life for all members of the organization and society in general.

Drucker predicted that ______ would become increasingly important in the future, a prediction that became reality in the twenty-first century.

knowledge workers

Mass-production techniques of standardized products

lowered production costs, which led to lower prices and expanded markets.

In the systems approach to management, an open system is usually thought of as having

much interaction with the external environment.

W. Edwards Deming transformed the

notion of quality into a driver of profits instead of a cost of doing business.

The systems approach to management theory views

organizations and the environment within which they operate as sets of interrelated parts to be managed as a whole to achieve a common goal.

Carl Jung's work on

personality types helped lead to the development of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

Drucker emphasized a balance between achieving _____ goals and the _____sustainability of the organization.

short-term; long-term

You give your pajama-factory workers a $5 raise (per hour), and you also praise them generously for their hard work. They promptly produce 50 percent more pajamas. You assume this is due to the raise you gave them. Instead, you may be experiencing

the Hawthorne effect.

The classical approach to management stresses

the manager's role in a formal hierarchy of authority and focuses on the task, machines, and systems needed to accomplish the task efficiently.

Scientific management's overall emphasis was

the systematic study of and experimentation with workers' tasks, methods, and tools as a means of improving worker efficiency.

The contingency approach helped bridge the gap between

theory and practice.

The safest statement one can make about management theories and the study of management is that they

will continue to change today and tomorrow.

Frederick Taylor developed principles of scientific management:

◦Develop the "one best way" to perform any task. ◦Scientifically select, train, teach, and develop each worker. ◦Cooperate with workers and provide an incentive to ensure that the work is done according to the "one best way." ◦Divide the work and the responsibility equally between management and the workers.

Taylor's assumptions:

◦Employers and employees have mutual interests associated with economic gain. ◦Humans are rational beings and economically motivated. ◦For every person willing to work hard, there is a job for which he or she is ideally suited.

Abraham Maslow proposed that humans have five needs:

◦Physiological ◦Safety ◦Social ◦Self-esteem ◦Self-actualization

The classical approach to management thought has two components:

◦Scientific management ◦Administrative management

The major perspectives from which to study management are:

◦The classical approach ◦The behavioral approach ◦The systems approach ◦The contingency approach