Test 1 Review Homework (Chapters 1 & 3)

Arrange the following events in the correct sequence. (1) A protein moves through ER and then is carried in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus.(2) A vesicle pinches off from the Golgi apparatus and carries material to the cell membrane.(3) The Golgi apparatus modifies the protein and then packages it into a vesicle.(4) A protein is made by ribosomes on the rough ER.

4, 1, 3, 2

Arrange the following events of exocytosis in the correct sequence. (1) Vesicle membrane fuses with plasma membrane.(2) Secretory vesicles migrate to plasma membrane.(3) Vesicle contents are expelled from cell.(4) Secretions accumulate within secretory vesicles.

4, 2, 1, 3

Which of the following statements exemplifies the major functions of cells?

All of the above

Which of the following are thought to cause aging?

All of the choices are correct

Check all that occur at the cellular level as a result of aging.

Cells develop increased metabolic functions.Cells develop increased metabolic functions. Cells' ability to maintain homeostasis decreases.Cells' ability to maintain homeostasis decreases. The process of cell division becomes faulty, resulting in a greater risk for cancer.

Indicate which statement is not an accurate representation of the relationship between structure and function.

Decreased strength of a muscle is a result of lifting weights.

Which of the following activities would represent a physiological study?

Determining normal blood sugar levels for 20-year-old students

When comparing and contrasting facilitated diffusion and active transport, which statements are correct? Check all that apply.

Facilitated diffusion does not require cellular energy; active transport does require cellular energy.Facilitated diffusion does not require cellular energy; active transport does require cellular energy. Facilitated diffusion moves substances along their concentration gradients; active transport usually moves substances against their concentration gradient.

A selectively permeable membrane is able to allow all substances to pass through only some of the time

False

Deviation from a set point always results in a disease.

False

Like diffusion, active transport only moves substance along their concentration gradient.

False

Which of the following statements regarding positive feedback is NOT correct?

If blood pressure decreases and negative feedback is not able to maintain homeostasis, positive feedback will cause blood pressure to increase.

Imagine that you are standing erect, with your head facing forward and your arms at 90 degree angles to your body, pointing straight out from either side to your left and to your right. Now imagine that an ant crawls from the top of your head in a straight line down your face and the front of your neck, and then turns and goes along one of your arms until it reaches your fingertips. If you were to describe the ant's path using directional terms, what would you say?

It traveled from the head and down the neck in a caudal direction, then turned and traveled in a lateral direction, and ended up at the fingertips, distal to the elbow.

Peritonitis is often a complication of a ruptured appendix. The appendix is a saclike structure attached to the __________.

Large intestine

Knowledge of the structure of body parts helps us to understand their functions. Which of the following is an accurate example of that principle?

Movable joints allow us to bend our fingers to perform many different actions.

Put the following events in the correct order to describe how negative feedback controls blood pressure.

Nerves from the brain send signals to the effector (the heart) to increase stroke rate and volume. 3 Blood pressure is restored to its normal levels. 4 Receptors in the wall of a blood vessel detect that blood pressure has decreased. 1 Nerves send information about blood pressure to the control center (the brain). 2

Together the muscle tissue and connective tissue organization of the urinary bladder represent what level of structure in the human body?

Organ level

Which of the following phases is NOT correctly matched with its description?

Prophase—Chromosomes move toward the poles of the cell.

The production and transport of mucus keeps the lining of the respiratory passages clean. The cells that produce the mucus must be very active in protein synthesis in order to produce the mucin protein. In people who smoke, prolonged exposure of the respiratory passages to the irritation of tobacco smoke causes the epithelial cells to change in structure and function. The cells flatten and form several layers of epithelial cells, which can no longer make mucus nor move the mucus toward the throat for removal. Which structures, necessary for these protein-making and mucus-moving processes, are now reduced in number and function? Check all that apply.

Secretory vesicles, golgi apparatus, rough ER, cilia

Cystic fibrosis can lead to vitamin deficiencies due to impaired digestive functions

True

What term is used for body conditions that can change?

Variable

Sodium, potassium, and calcium ions may pass through the cell membrane by

active transport by ion pumps against their concentration gradients.

When cells differentiate, there are changes in the portions of the DNA molecules that are active. The active portions of DNA can also be described as

genes that are expressed through transcription and translation.

White blood cells that take up bacteria through phagocytosis would be expected to have large numbers of __________.

lysosomes