Test 2 Chapter 4/5/6/7

Third Class lever

The force is between the fulcrum and the weight

First Class Lever

The fulcrum is located between the weight and point of application of force

Identify a true statement about a person performing a closed skill.

The individual performing the skill is self-paced.

Which of the following statements best describes the study of biomechanics?

It is the study of how various forces affect human motion and how movements can be improved in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.

To have motion

the equilibrium of the body must be upset

Identify the physiological components in kinesiology

Structure of muscle Skeletal Framework Functions of muscles

Which of the following occurs in the cognitive stage of learning?

A learner is learning about the skill

Identify a performance characteristic associated with skill learning as identified by Magill and Anderson.

Adaptability

In the _____ stage of learning, the basics of a skill have been learned and a learner concentrates on refining a skill.

Associative

True or false: According to the hourglass model, sand enters an hourglass from two containers, where the environment container has a lid and the heredity container has no lid.

False

Which of the following did the Puritans believe to be secrets to eternal life and blessedness?

Hard Work Stern Discipline Austerity

How does feedback influence an individual?

It can be used to provide input for making ongoing adjustments in performance.

Adam's closed loop theory

It explained how feedback is used to update the cognitive representation of a movement and improve subsequent performance of the motor skill

Identify a characteristic of bending.

It may be done in several directions.

Identify a true statement about education during the national period in the US

More schools were established for both females and males as interest in education grew

_____ refers to a condition within an individual that initiates activity directed toward a goal.

Motivation

Is concerned with the learning or acquisition of skills across the lifespan

Motor Behavior

Is the study of the neurophysiological and behavioral processes affecting the management of skilled movements

Motor Control

In the context of the history of motor learning and motor control, which of the following is true of the events that took place during the 1970s?

Motor behavior scholars started using their own theories and models to explain motor skill acquisition.

Which of the following is a mandatory provision under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972?

Physical education classes must be organized on a coeducational basis

How should practice sessions be structured to promote optimal conditions for learning?

Practices should be organized so that distracting elements are eliminated from the setting.

_____ refers to the belief that one's feeling or attitude toward learning a particular skill will affect one's acquisition of that particular skill.

Psychologial readiness

Identify the locomotor skills commonly seen in elementary school children. (Check all that apply.)

Running Jumping Walking

Which of the following stages of the developmental sequences approach to understanding how fundamental motor skills are acquired reflects the time needed to develop different aspects of a skill being learned?

The emerging elementary stage

Which of the following is true about the autonomous stage of learning?

The learner can perform a skill without consciously thinking about it at all.

What happens in the emerging elementary stage of the developmental sequences approach to understanding how fundamental motor skills are acquired?

The spatial and temporal elements of movements are better synchronized when compared with the initial stage.

Second class lever

The weight is between the fulcrum and the force

Served as an influence on the physical activity of Native Americans

Tribal differences in culture and lifestyle

True or false: The study of motivation focuses on the causes of behavior, specifically those factors that influence the initiation, maintenance, and intensity of behavior.

True

In the context of the principles that govern a human body's ability to maintain stability or balance, when the center of gravity extends beyond the boundaries of the base of support, _____.

balance is lost

Gary, a university student, has never played baseball in his life. He joins a baseball coaching camp to learn the game and is asked to observe a student's demonstration on how to swing the bat. Based on the above information, Gary is in the _____ stage of learning.

cognitive

The ability of an individual to modify a skill to adapt to changing demands in the environment is termed as _____.

generalizability

In the context of motor learning, instructors help learners understand the task to be learned by _____.

giving succinct, accurate instructions in conjunction with other techniques such as demonstrations

According to Magill and Anderson, a performance characteristic associated with skill learning is _____.

improvement

Persons practicing Tai Chi may adopt a wide stance in order to _____.

increase stability, improve balance, lower their center of gravity

Flexibility is affected by the _____.

length that a muscle can stretch

The _____ marked the beginning of the growth of motor development as an area of study within physical education.

maturational period

Which of the following is not a way that energy is expended?

none of the answers are correct, basal metabolism, work, excretion of waste

The effectiveness of a push is enhanced by _____.

proper body position

In a second-class lever, _____.

the weight is between the fulcrum and the force

A distinct advantage of _____ is that it permits movement data to be recorded without encumbering the performer with wires and other equipment that can hinder performance.

telemetry

Since the 1970s, motor control researchers have focused on _____.

trying to determine how movements are coordinated

In the context of fundamental motor movements, _____ is a rotation of the body or a body part around its axis while maintaining a fixed base of support.

twisting

In prehistoric times, the Greek ideal stressed the

unity of the mind, body and spirit

Identify a performance characteristic of learners during the associative stage of learning.

A learner works on mastering the timing needed for a skill.

In the context of motor learning, how can instructors help learners understand the task to be learned?

By helping learners establish an executive or motor plan for action

True or false: External motivation is more conducive to positive learning and performance and sustained participation than internal motivation.

False

Identify the areas on which motor control researchers have focused on since the 1970s?

How the sequences of people's behaviors is controlled How information obtained from the environment is used to plan and modify movements

In the context of the history of motor learning and motor control, identify a true statement about the events that took place in the middle period (1940-1970).

Motor learning research focused more on application, investigating such areas as transfer of training.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the initial stage of the developmental sequences approach to understanding how fundamental motor skills are acquired?

Movements comprising a skill exhibiting improper sequencing of parts of the skill

Which of the following would be considered a locomotor skill?

Sliding

After Per Henrik Ling's development of medical, education and asethetics gymnastics, Ling's gymnastics came to be known as the

Swedish System

In the context of the history of motor learning and motor control, which of the following statements is true of the middle period (1940-1970)?

The start of the middle period was marked by a surge of interest in motor learning

Identify a characteristic of the initial stage of the developmental sequences approach to understanding how fundamental motor skills are acquired.

There is little body rotation or sometimes exaggerated use of the body.

Which of the following is true of sport historians?

They analyze the actions and behaviors of leaders

Identify the goals of motor behavior as identified by Thomas and Thomas.

To understand how motor skills are controlled To understand how motor skills are learned

The Olympic Games are held in the honor of the Greek God

Zeuss

According to Fitts and Posner, the first stage of learning is the _____.

cognitive stage

Danish programs of gymnastics emphasized

fitness and strength

In the 1970s the focus of health care shifted from the treatment and cure of disease to

health promotion and disease prevention

Rank the process of the information processing model in the order in which they occur

input, decision, output, feedback

When performing activities that require stability, individuals should _____.

lower their center of gravity

Identify a significant contribution of Franz Nachtegail to Danish gymnastics in the late 1700s`

opening of a private outdoor gymnasium in Copenhagen, the first to be devoted to physical training

Identify a belief of the principle of overload.

An increased demand must be placed on the body for benefits to occur.

The _____ stage of learning is reached after much practice where a learner can perform a skill consistently with few errors.

Autonomous

What is the formula for calculating the body mass index (BMI) of a person?

BMI = (Weight in pounds/[Height in inches × Height in inches]) × 703

During the colonial period, which of the following games played by Native Americans was surrounded by rituals and used as a mean to settle disputes?

Baggataway

What kind of sport was popular among the working class during the 1800s in GB?

Boxing

Identify the activities that involve manipulative skills. (Check all that apply.)

Catching Striking Throwing

Identify the objectives of physical education articulated by Clark Hetherington in 1910.

Character and Intellectual Development

_____ is the study of the prevention of injury or diseases that result in movement disorders and the rehabilitation of people who are injured or have a movement disorder disease or disability.

Clinical Biomechanics

Identify the theory that explains human movement as the result of the interaction between three systems: individual, environment and task

Dynamical systems theory

In 1953, which president established the President's Council on Youth Fitness?

Eisenhower

Which of the following is true of forces in the context of kinetics?

Forces have both a magnitude (i.e., size) and a direction.

Is regarded as the father of Danish physical education for his contributions toward shaping physical education program in Denmark

Franz Nachtegail

Trend that developed during the 1800s in the US in the field of education

Free public education began to slowly become available for girls and boys

Which of the following is one of Per Henrik Ling's greatest contribution to physical education during the early 1800s in Sweden?

His use of scientific approaches to examine the effects of physical activity on the body

In the context of flexibility exercises, identify a true statement about the contract-relax technique.

It facilitates the relaxation of muscles to be stretched.

Identify a true statement about the Philanthropinium, a school for boys founded by Johann Bernhard Basedow at Dessau, Germany.

It had a curriculum that was guided by the philosophy of naturalism

In the context of assessing body composition, identify the true statements about air displacement plethysmography.

It is also known as the Bod Pod. It is used most often in exercise physiology laboratories or clinical settings.

Which of the following is true of torque in the context of human motion?

It is contrasted with the force necessary to produce linear acceleration.

Identify the true statements about bioelectrical impedance analysis.

It is easy to use in field settings. It can be performed relatively quickly.

Schmidt's

It proposed the idea that movement patterns such as kicking or throwing could be generalized to a variety of sports and settings

Identify a characteristic of Danish gymnastics in the early 1800s

It used poles for climbing and wooden horses for vaulting

The method that calculates target heart rate (THR) by taking into account an individual's resting heart rate to provide an accurate estimation is called the _____.

Karvonen Equation

Which of the following is concerned with understanding the spatial and temporal characteristics of human movement, that is, the direction of the motion and the time involved in executing the motion?

Kinematics

_____ in children is the development of the necessary strength, flexibility, and endurance, as well as development of the various organ systems, to such a degree that children can control their bodies in exercise activities.

Physiological readiness

Sport and recreational pursuits in GB during the early 1800s were clearly divided by

SES

Identify the important purposes for the study of kinesiology according to Hamilton and Luttgens.

Safety, effectiveness and efficiency

Which of the following individuals is in the cognitive stage of learning?

Sarah is asked to watch a game of soccer familiarize herself with the game before she begins coaching.

Which of the following is true of physical education in GB prior to the 1800s?

Sport and recreational pursuits were clearly divided among class lines or by SES

Identify a true statement about sports participation during the early to mid-1800s during the national period in the United States.

Sports participants grew as settlers became more established

Identify a disadvantage of performing isometric exercises.

Strength is developed only at a specific joint angle, not through the entire range of motion.

In the context of flexibility exercises, which of the following are true of the contract-relax technique?

This technique allows a stretch to be performed through a greater range of motion. In this technique, muscles are arranged in pairs; when one contracts, the opposing muscle in the pair relaxes.

Was developed by Friedrich Ludwig Jahn in an effort to strengthen German youth during the early modern European period

Turnerein movement

Identify the goals of motor control as identified by Thomas and Thomas.

Understand how a sequence of movements is controlled Understand how the muscles and joints are coordinated during movement

Acceleration is a term for time rate of change in which of the following quantities?

Velocity

Identify a belief of the principle of diminishing returns.

When improvements in fitness become less, maintenance of fitness becomes important.

Isotonic contractions

_____ occur when force is generated while the muscle is changing in length.

Kinesiology is the subdiscipline of physical education that focuses on

anatomical and physiological study of human movement

Which of the following statements is true about arete, the guiding principle of Athenian Society?

encouraged individuals to push themselves to achieve to the highest extent possible

Proponents of muscular Christianity believed that

engaging in physical activities to develop one's body reflected one's commitment to developing desirable Christian quaities

According to Newton's second law, acceleration of an object:

is directly proportional to the force producing it and inversely proportional to the object's mass.

Which of the following statements is true about the Society of Health and Physical Educators (SHAPE America)?

it developed the 3rd edition of the national standards for physical education, including grade level outcomes for the first time in 2014

Archibald Maclaren, who was one of the leaders of physical education in GB believed that

it is important to treat physical training as a science

The first level of the physical activity pyramid indicates that _____.

lifetime physical activity is associated with chronic disease reduction

GB during the early 1800s took a different approach to physical education as it emphasized programs of

organized games and sports

Great Britain during the early 1800s took a different approach to physical education as it emphasized programs of

organized games and sports

During the maturational period, early researchers focused on the _____.

sequences of motor development in young children

Level 4 of the physical activity pyramid indicates that _____.

some rest and inactivity are important

Muscular Christianity

sports activities reinforced moral values and served to build character

Which of the following is measured by anthropometry?

weight of the trunk, length of the forearm, shape of the body