Test 2 Radiology
To give informed consent, each of the following must be explained to the patient except: The purpose of taking radiographs, the risks and benefits of taking radiographs, the possible risks of refusing radiographs, how the radiographs will be taken.
how the radiographs are taken
How long should the office retain dental radiographs?
Indefinitely and 7 years after the patient leaves the practice
Who can legally request copies of a patients radiographs?
Inurance company, another dentist
Patients may have reasonable access to their radiographs if:
Patient request radiograph in writing
To determine the vertical angulation when using the bisecting technique, the central rays of the x-ray beam should be directed:
Perpendicular to the imagary bisector
Spores are destroyed during disinfection. (T/F)
false
The collimator of the panoramic x-ray beam is rectangular. (T/F)
false
The open end of the PID should be placed two inches from the patients skin. (T/F)
false
Traditionally, the image receptor for a bitewing radiograph has been placed with the longer dimension vertically in the posterior region. (T/F)
false
Universal precautions have replaced standard precautions. (T/F)
false
With the paralleling technique, it is not possible to direct the central rays of the x-ray beam to both the tooth and the image receptor simultaneously. (T/F)
false
. Electronic noise is the digital equivalent to
film fog
What is the greatest limitation of panoramic radiographs.
inability to produce image sharpness
What happens to the developed film if it is bent in the patients mouth?
the white line will appear
Failing to record the apical region of the teeth on a periapical radiograph most likely results from an error made in which of the following steps: vertical angulation placement of the image receptor horizontal angulation centering the x-ray beam.
placement of the image receptor
A step wedge is a device of layered metal steps of varying thickness used to:
test the strength of processing chemicals
What is the recommended vertical angulation for a maxillary molar periapical radiograph using the bisecting angle technique?
+20 degrees
What is the recommended vertical angulation for exposing a maxillary premolar periapical radiograph using the bisecting technique?
+30 degrees
What is the correct vertical angulation for a maxillary posterior topographical occlusal radiograph, assuming the patient's head is in the correct position?
+45 degrees
What is the recommended vertical angulation for exposing a maxillary canine periapical radiograph using the bisecting technique?
+45 degrees
What is the correct vertical angulation setting for a maxillary anterior topographical occlusal radiograph, assuming that the patient's head is in the correct position?
+65 degrees
What is the recommended vertical angulation for exposing a mandibular premolar periapical radiograph using the bisecting technique.
-10 degrees
What is the recommended vertical angulation for exposing a mandibular incisor periapical radiograph using the bisecting technique?
-15 degrees
What is the recommended vertical angulation for exposing a mandibular canine periapical radiograph using the bisecting technique?
-20 degrees
What is the recommended vertical angulation for a mandibular molar periapical radiograph using the bisecting angle technique?
-5 degrees
The presence of each of the following conditions may indicate using the bisecting technique instead of the paralleling technique except which one and why: A class II malocclusion, and edentulous region, a large palatal or mandibular tori, a very low or shallow palatal vault.
A class II malocclusion,
If you position the arches too far back in the focal trough, toward the tube head, what will be the result of the film?
Anterior teeth appearing blurred and magnififed
What would cause a panoramic image to show a "frown"?
Arch of the patient, like chin tipped up
10. Conecutting of the radiographic image most likely results from an error made in which of the following steps: Centering the x-ray beam placement of the image receptor horizontal angulation vertical angulation
Centering the x-ray beam
Excessive vertical angulation when using the paralleling technique results in:
Cutting off incisal/occlusal edges
What can you do to correct a foreshortened image?
Decreasing the vertical angulation
Quality control is the planning, implementation, and evaluation of procedures used to produce high-quality radiographs with maximum diagnostic information while minimizing radiation exposure. (T/F)
FALSE, quality assurance
Quality assurance is a series of tests to ensure that the radiographic system is functioning properly and that the radiographs produced are of an acceptable level of quality.
FALSE, quality control
White light leaks are visible as soon as the lights in the darkroom are turned off. (T/F)
FALSE, visible in about 5 minutes after the eyes adjust to the lights
We need to discuss this! Darkroom counter surfaces without barrier protection that have been touched by gloved hands must be cleaned. (T/F) The answer is false. Why?
False because it needs to be disinfected
Each of the following is an objective of quality control except which one: Reduce the occurrence of retake radiographs Maintain a high standard of image quality Identify problems as soon as image quality is compromised keep patient and occupational exposures to a minimum.
Identify problems as soon as image quality is compromised
What can you do to correct an elongated image?
Increase the vertical angulation
A vertical, zero-degree angulation is used for exposure of which occlusal radiograph?
Mandibular cross sectional
When verbal and nonverbal communication is not in sync, it is the verbal communication that is more believable. (T/F)
Non-verbal is more believable so this is false
The bisecting technique is useful in patients who cannot tolerate parallel placement of the image receptor. The bisecting technique produces images with reduced image distortion. : The first statement is true, the second statement is false, The first statement is false, the second statement is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are false.
The first statement is true, the second statement is false,
What is the correct head positioning for a panoramic radiograph?
The frankfort should be perpendicular to the floor
Which facial landmark planes must be positioned slightly 5" down toward the floor when positioning the arches within the focal trough?
alatragus line
The paralleling technique is also called the: right angle technique, extension-cone technique, long-cone technique, or all of the above.
all of the above
Dental x-ray machine output analysis should be performed:
annually or periodically
The embossed identification dot on occlusal film should be positioned toward what area?
anterior
Prior to film placement, preprocedural mouthrinses are considered:
antiseptic
What term is used to describe images other than anatomy or pathology that do not contribute to a diagnosis of the patient's condition?
artifacts
If a film is accidentally placed in the fixer before placing it in the developer, the resultant image will:
bank/clear image
What is the correct landmark for an adult horizontal premolar bitewing radiograph?
behind the distal half of the canine.
What is the correct landmark for an adult horizontal molar bitewing radiograph?
behind the distal half of the second premolar
The topographical occlusal radiographic technique is similar to what technique?
bisecting
Using an image receptor holder with an external aiming device will most likely eliminate what error?
cone cutting
Each of the following is a bus of an occlusal radiograph except which one: detecting incipient, inter proximal caries, locating soft tissue calcifications, assisting in the evaluation of fractures, revealing retained roots of extracted teeth.
detecting incipient, inter proximal caries
Light images may result from each of the following except which: Using an mA setting that was too high placing the image receptor in the mouth backward not depressing the exposure button for the duration of the cycle developing in weak processing solutions
developing in weak processing solutions
The federal consumer-patient radiation health and safety act: mandated safety requirements for collimation and filtration of equipment, provided guidelines and recommended procedures for infection control, provided and updates evidence-based selection criteria guidelines, established standards for state certification/ licensure of radiographic personnel.
established standards for state certification/ licensure of radiographic personnel
A device consisting of increasing increments of an absorbing material is called a "reference film" (T/F)
fALSE, step wedge
A 16-inch PID should be used for the occlusal radiographic exam. (T/F)
false
A dark image occurs when the developing solution is diluted. (T/F)
false
A longer 12-inch or 16 inch PID is better suited to the bisecting technique. (T/F)
false
A pathos's is a microorganism capable of causing disease. (T/F)
false
A patient can refuse dental radiographs and still be treated. (T/F)
false
A patient who does not want radiographs may sign a document releasing the dentist from liability. (T/F)
false
Absence of apical structures results when the image receptor is not placed low enough in the oral cavity. (T/F)
false
Accurate vertical angulation is more important to the paralleling than the bisecting technique. (T/F)
false
Adults generally need x-rays more often then children. (T/F)
false
Anterior bitewings should be exposed using a vertical angulation of +20 degrees. (T/F) if false what should it be?
false
Because it satisfies fewer shadow-casting principles, the bisecting technique is less likely to produce superior diagnostic-quality radiographs. (T.F)
false
Overlapping of adjacent teeth on the radiographic image most likely results from what error? incorrect rotation of the tube head and PID in the horizontal plane , central rays of the xray beam are directed obliquely toward the image receptor from the distal or from the mesial
incorrect horizontal angulation
Iodophors, phenolics, and chlorine containing compounds that do not destroy spores are classified as:
intermediate level disinfectants
Which of these statements regarding the focal trough is False: Its shape varies from one manufacturer to another, It is where structures will be imaged the sharpest, It is two-dimensional, It is used to determine where to position the dental arches.
it is two dementional
What do safety data sheets list? list the properties of and the potential effects the product may have on the health of a person using the product
list the properties of and the potential effects the product may have on the health of a person using the product
When using the paralleling technique, the patient must bite down on the image receptor holder bite block as far away from the teeth as possible with the exception of which area? Maxillary anteriors, mandibular canines, maxillary premolars, mandibular molars.
mandibular molars
Which image receptor placement is most likely to be more comfortable and allow the patient to become accustomed to the procedure? Maxillary anteriors, maxillary posteriors, mandibular posteriors, posterior bitewings.
maxillary anteriors
An image receptor placed too far back in the mouth will result in not imaging the:
not recorded anterior structures
When using the paralleling technique, excessive vertical angulation will result in:
not recording coronal structures
What patient positioning error would most likely result in a wide radiopaque image of the cervical vertebrae superimposed oner the anterior teeth?
not sitting or standing up straight
Which of the following is not an intraoral radiograph? Occlusal, bitewing, panoramic, periapical
panormaic
If vertical angulation of the tube head is set at zero, the PID will be:
parallel to the floor
Which technique has the image receptor placed parallel to the long axis of the tooth?
paralleling technique
Residual glove powder on the fingers or hands that touches the film results in: pressure marks, scratches, and artifacts
pressure marks, scratches, and artifacts
Bitewing radiographs are useful in detecting caries on what surfaces of a tooth?
proximal surfaces
Improper or insufficient washing of radiographic films will result in:
radiation fog
A qualified health physicist should examine the equipment for which of the following failed tests?
radiation output consistency
What can cause film fog?
radiation, light, head, humidity, chemical vapors, aging
What do you need to do to correct an exaggerated smile appearance of a panoramic radiograph?
reposition alatrgaus
Policies and procedures used to reduce the chances a patient will file legal action against the oral health care team is known as:
risk management
Which of the following statements regarding classification of objects used in radiographic procedures is false? Critical objects must be sterilized after each use, Most quality-made image receptor holders are sterilizable or disposable, semi critical objects are those used to penetrate soft tissue or bone, or no critical instruments are used in dental radiography.
semi critical objects are those used to penetrate soft tissue or bone, or no critical instruments are used in dental radiography.
Legally, radiographs are the property of:
the dentist who prescribes them
Each of the following will appear radiolucent on a panoramic radiograph except: The orbit, The maxillary tuberosity, The zygoma, The lingula.
the orbit
Why do you use a cape-style lead barrier without a thyroid collar when exposing panoramic radiographs?
the radiation does not go to the thyroid
A clear or blank image indicates that: failure to turn on the power to the xray machine, maintain firm pressure on the exposure button during the exposure, failure to initiate exposure within the fixed time period required by a digital sensor
there is no exposure to radiation
Overdevelopment results in what error?
to light
. A black film indicates accidental exposure to white light. (T/F)
true
A herringbone or tire track pattern appears on the image if the film packet was placed in the oral cavity reversed. (T/F)
true
A light radiograph can result from either under exposure or under developing. (T/F)
true
All panoramic images have between 10 and 30 percent image magnification. (T/F)
true
Correct horizontal angulation is determined by positioning the image receptor parallel to the embrasure of two predetermined teeth. (T/F)
true
Dark spots on the film are caused by premature contact with the developer. (T/F)
true
Dental radiography during pregnancy has been linked to full-term, low birth weight infants. (T/F)
true
Dentists are required by OSHA to obtain and keep on file an MSDS for every chemical product used in the practice. (T/F)
true
Establishing a quality control program for radiographic procedures helps to increase the quality of radiographs produced and decrease the incidence of retake radiographs. (T/F)
true
Even when the positioning and angulation steps are accurate and precise, the bisecting technique will produce some dimension distortion. (T/F)
true
In malpractice cases, the dentist may be sued for the actions of the radiographer. (T/F)
true
Misuse of a cotton roll to stabilize the image receptor may result in root tips being cut off from the image. (T/F)
true
Neither the paralleling nor the bisecting technique completely meets all five requirements for accurate shadow casting in all regions of the oral cavity on all patient types. (T/F)
true
The amount of radiation absorbed by the tissue is referred to as the absorbed dose. (T/F)
true
The bitewing survey may consist of two to eight radiographs. (T/F)
true
The consumer-patient radiation health and safety act was designed to protect patients from unnecessary radiation. (T/F)
true
The dentsply Rinn XCP image receptor holder is designed for use with the paralleling technique. (T/F)
true
The horizontal angulation is ermined in the same manner for both the bisecting and the paralleling techniques. (T, F)
true
The radiographer should be able to aseptically open all film packets in a full mouth series in 2 minutes or less to avoid excessive exposure to safelight. (T/F)
true
The two planes that can be visualized by the radiographer are the estimated long axis of the tooth and the plane of the image receptor. (T/F)
true
The vertical angulation used for topographical occlusal radiographs follows the rules of the bisecting technique used for periapical radiographs? (T/F)
true
A periodontally involved patient would benefit from what type of bitewing radiographs and why?
vertical bitewing
Anterior periapical radiographs should be positioned in the oral cavity with the long dimension ___________, and posterior periapical radiographs should be positioned in the oral cavity with the long dimension __________.
vertical, horizontal
How should you answer the patient question "How often should children have dental x-rays?"
when the child needs them
Can a dental radiographic normalizing and monitoring device be used to monitor the developer?
yes
What is the ideal target-image receptor distance used with the paralleling technique?
16 inches
. Each of the following statements regarding retake radiographs is correct except which one? All errors create a need to re-expose the patient If one radiograph in a set of bitewings is overlapped, it should be determined whether adjacent radiographs image the area adequately Determining when a retake is necessary will keep radiation exposure to a minimum all errors reduce the quality of the radiograph.
All errors create a need to re-expose the patient
If you position the arches too far forward in the focal trough, toward the tube head, what will be the result of the film?
Blurred of anterior teeth but smaller in size
What can you do to correct an overlapping error? .
Directing the central ray perpendicular to the plane of the image receptor
Which teeth should be imaged on an adult molar periapical radiograph?
Distal half of the first second and third molar
The identification dot on an intraoral radiograph film is used to:
Distinguish between the patients right and left side
Each of the following would result in a retake radiograph except which one: Imaging 2 mm of supporting bone beyond tooth apices not imaging the correct tooth cone cutting the area of interest imaging a herringbone or tore track pattern
Imaging 2 mm of supporting bone beyond tooth apices
Elongation error results from which of the following: Inadequate vertical angulation using the bisecting technique Excessive vertical angulation using the bisecting technique excessive vertical angulation using the paralleling technique Inadequate vertical angulation using the paralleling technique
Inadequate vertical angulation using the bisecting technique
Which of these statements is false? Incorrect vertical angulation results in overlapped contact points, negative angulation is generally used for exposure of the mandibular arch, positive angulation is generally used for exposure of the maxillary arch, an image receptor will aid the radiographer in deterring the correct angulations.
Incorrect vertical angulation results in overlapped contact points
Each of the following statements regarding quality assurance of the automatic processor is correct except: Solution levels must be replenished and changed Maintenance procedures and tests need to be performed annually under normal conditions A failed test should prompt the operator to check the solutions, the water supply, and the film dryer The water supply must be turned on and the dryer operating correctly to produce a clear, dry film.
Maintenance procedures and tests need to be performed annually under normal conditions
Through a point on the middle of the chin toward the center of the image receptor describes the recommended point of entry of the central ray of the x-ray beam for which of the following occlusal radiographs?
Mandibular anterior topographical
The patient's head should be reclined and the chin tipped upward for which occlusal projection?
Mandibular cross sectional
The thyroid collar may be in the path of the primary beam during which occlusal technique?
Mandibular cross sectional
Through a point on the ala-tragus line below the outer cents of the eye toward the center of the image receptor describes the recommended point of entry of the central ray of the x-ray beam for which of the following occlusal radiograph?
Maxillary posterior topogrpahical
What is the result of a bitewing radiograph is exposed using a negative 10 degree vertical angulation?
More mandibular teeth and alveolar bone will be recorded
Each of the following will appear radiopaque on a panoramic radiograph except: The lateral pterygoid plate, The zygomatic process, The genial tubercles, The infraorbital foramen.
The infraorbital foramen.
Which of the following is the cause of overlap error, when the overlapping appears to be more severe in the distal or posterior region of the image? The horizontal angulation was directed obliquely from the mesial, The horizontal angulation was directed obliquely from the distal, The horizontal angulation was directed obliquely from the occlusal, The horizontal angulation was directed obliquely from the apical.
The horizontal angulation was directed obliquely from the mesial,
Which of these statements is not true. The patient should be protected with a lead apron and thyroid collar, The patients occipital protuberance should be against the headrest during exposure, The patient's eyeglasses may be left in place to protect the eyes, Objects in the mouth such as dentures, partials and retainers should be removed prior to exposure
The patient's eyeglasses may be left in place to protect the eyes,
Each of the following statements regarding preparations for bitewing exams is correct except which one: The dental x-ray machine should be turned on and the exposure setting selected prior to placing the image receptor intraorally, The radiographic procedure should be explained to the patient prior to beginning the exposures, The patient's head should be positioned with the mean tangent parallel to the floor, The patient should be asked to remove eyeglasses and all intramural appliances prior to placement of the image receptor.
The patient's head should be positioned with the mean tangent parallel to the floor
When does the statute of limitations begin for bringing a malpractice suit against the dentist?
The time of an injury that results from negligent dental treatment, or when injury should have been discovered.
Which of the following is not a shadow casting principle? Use the largest possible source of radiation (focal spot), the tooth should be as far as possible from the source of radiation, the tooth and image receptor should be as close together as possible, the tooth and image receptor should be parallel to each other.
Use the largest possible source of radiation (focal spot)
For bitewing radiographs, the radiographer should strive to ensure placement of the image receptor so that more of which arch, maxillary or mandibular, will be imaged?
Whatever tooth you are trying to get the picture of you need to have more of whatever arch it is located in
A position assumed by the body in connection with a feeling or mood is called:
attitude
Because of the supporting structures on the maxillary arch, to accomplish a parallel relationship between the image receptor and the long axes of the the teeth, the image receptor must be placed closer to the teeth. (T/F)
false
Bite blocks with an L-shaped back plate should be used with the bisecting technique ? (T/F)
false
Bitewing loop holders are limited to use with vertical bitewing radiographs. (T/ F)
false
Bitewing radiographs are not required if a full mouth series of periapical radiographs is available. (T/ F)
false
Dismissing the patients fears and reassuring him or her that everything will be okay prior to the procedure improves chair side manner. (T/F)
false
Each state has a mandatory state exam or continuing education requirement for dental radiographers. (T/F)
false
Ethics are laws and regulations pertaining to the behavior of the health care professional. (T/F)
false
If a patient has concerns regarding x-rays exposure, the radiographer should tell the patient not to worry, everything will be okay. (T/F)
false
If the patient's head is rotated to the right in the focal trough, the teeth on the right appear magnified. (T/F)
false
In order to produce a quality panoramic radiograph the patient must be in a standing position. (T/F)
false
Mandibular topographical radiographs are taken with the midsaggital plane parallel to the floor. (T/F)
false
One of the advantages of using the daylight loader attachment on automatic processor is that these devices offer time saving short cuts. (T/F)
false
Patients who have had radiation therapy for cancer of tissues located in the head or neck region should avoid dental radiographs. (T/F)
false
Periapical radiographs image the alveolar bone crest better than bitewing radiographs. (T/ F)
false
Prior to leaving the operators to make an exposure, the radiographer should ask the patient "Can you hold still, please?" (T/F)
false
The horizontal angulation for topographical occlusal radiographs is determined by directing the central rays at the image receptor perpendicularly through the teeth embrasures. (T/F)
false
The identification dot should be placed toward the apices of the teeth when posing periapical radiographs.
false
The radiographer must be competent in knowing when to prescribe dental radiographs. (T/F)
false
When imaging the mandibular arch, the printed side of the occlusal film packet will face the mandible. (T / F)
false
When not in use, the x-ray unit support arm should be placed in the open position. (T/F)
false
The legal right of the patient to refuse radiographs is a form of:
self determination
Which of the following image receptor sizes would necessitate that only two bitewing radiographs be exposed?
size number 3
The x-ray tube head moves around the back of the patient while the cassette with image receptor moves around the front. (T/F)
true
To avoid overlap error, the central ray of the x-ray beam should be directed perpendicular to the mean tangent. (T/F)
true
To compensate for the increased object-image receptor distance needed to achieve parallelism the target-image receptor distance should also be increased. (T/F)
true
Topogaphical occlusal radiographs yeild a greater amount of information in the alveolar crest and apical areas than periapical radiographs. (T/F)
true
Topographical occlusal radiographs of the mandible may be taken with the head positioned the same as for maxillary topographical occlusal radiographs. (T/F)
true
Which of the following statements is correct. Vertical angulation is usually described in millimeters, vertical angulation of the tube head and PID begins at 90 degrees, to change vertical angulation, the tube head is swiveled from side to side, when the open end of the PID is tilted toward the floor, the vertical angle is positive.
when the open end of the PID is tilted toward the floor, the vertical angle is positive.