Test 3

How many NADH are generated from the complete oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA to CO2 A. 24 by TCA plus 7 by b-oxidation B. 32 by TCA plus 8 by b-oxidation C. 21 by TCA plus 7 by b-oxidation D. 28 by TCA plus 7 by b-oxidation E. 24 by TCA plus 8 by b-oxidation

A. 24 by TCA plus 7 by b-oxidation

The anion transporter of erythrocytes exchanges HCO3- for _____ and operates by _____. A. Cl-; facilitated diffusion B. Cl-; active transport C. HPO42-; facilitated diffusion D. CO24-; active transport E. HPO42-; passive diffusion

A. Cl-; facilitated diffusion

The sequence for activation of the release of fatty acids from adipose cells is A. protein kinase activation B. cAMP production C. triacylglycerol lipase activation D. hormone binding receptor E. adenylyl cyclase activation F. diacylglycerol lipase and monoacylglycerol lipase activity A. D, E, B, A, C, F B. D, B, A, E, F, C C. D, B, C, F, A, E D. D, B, F, A, C, E E. B, F, A, D, E, C

A. D, E, B, A, C, F

All are characteristic of gastric proton pump EXCEPT A. Gastric proton pump requires high levels of dietary K+ to create a K+ gradient B. Gastric proton pump is a H+, K+ -ATPase C. Gastric proton pump maintains a pH gradient of about 6.6 across the mucosal cell membrane D. Gastric proton pump is electroneutral E. Gastric proton pump produces a net influx of HCl into the stomach

A. Gastric proton pump requires high levels of dietary K+ to create a K+ graident

The System A for alanine transport into liver is a(n) ____ system that can be activated by ____ and _____ A. Na+ symport; substrate (alanine); hormones B. K+ symport; substrate (alanine); hormones C. H+ antiport; pH change; alanine D. ATP-antiport; alanine; pH change E. none are true

A. Na+ symport; substrate (alanine); hormones

Ketone body carbons enter the major metabolic pathways of the cells by conversion to A. acetyl-CoA B. butyrate C. citrate D. pyruvate E. glucose-6-phosphate

A. acetyl-CoA

Ionopore antibiotics are small-molecule toxins produced by microorganisms to facilitate ion transport across membranes and include all EXCEPT A. actinomycin B. valinomycin C. nonactin D. monensin E. gramicidn A

A. actinomycin

Body fat is a major storage form of energy because it: A. aggregates in a highly anhydrous form (without additional water weight) B. yields about 17 kJ/g (4cal/g) of energy C. has low insulation properties D. is highly hydrated and easy to metabolize E. yields about 25 kJ/g (6cal/g) of energy

A. aggregates in a highly anhydrous form (without additional water weight)

Glycerolphospholipids are all EXCEPT: A. also called sphingolipids B. essential components of cell membranes C. made up of 1,2-diacylglcerol and a phosphate group D. members of the phospholipids E. all are true

A. also called sphingolipids

Steroid hormones include all of the following EXCEPT: A. dolichol B. progesterone C. cortisol D. estradiol E. testosterone

A. dolichol

Secondary active transport is A. establishment of a cation or anion gradient with an ATPase that subsequently drives transport of an amino acid or sugar against a concentration gradient B. the use of an ATPase to establish an anion or cation gradient C. the antiport process of transporting species in opposite directions D. establishment of an ATP gradient across a membrane that drives uptake of sugars E. symport of malate and glutamate so that metabolism can synthesize ATP

A. establishment of a cation or anion gradient with an ATPase that subsequently drive transport of an amino acid or sugar against a concentration gradient

The brain normally uses _____ as its source of metabolic energy, but during starvation _____ may be the major source of energy A. glucose; ketone bodies B. ketone bodies; fatty acids C. fatty acids; amino acids D. amino acids; glucose E. all are true

A. glucose; ketone bodies

Lipid-anchoring motifs found to date include all EXCEPT A. glycine-linked myristoyl anchors B. thioester-linked fatty acyl anchors C. thioester-linked prenyl anchors D. amide-linked glycosyl phopatidylinositol anchors E. amide-linked myristoryl anchors

A. glycine-linked myristoyl anchors

Which of the following would be the most likely interaction between a peripheral membrane protein that contained a high lysine content and a membrane? A. ionic interaction B. hydrophobic interaction C. hydrogen bonding D. covalent bonding D. both a and c

A. ionic interaction

A fatty acid with 18 carbons and one double bond could be designated all EXCEPT: A. linoleic acid B. 18:1 C. cis-9-octadecenoic acid D. oleic acid E. elaidic acid

A. linoleic acid

H+ -transporting ATPases found in _____ break down bone during normal bone remodeling are of the ____ type of ATPases A. osteoclasts; vacuolar (V-) B. osteoclast; H+, K+ -ATPase C. osteoblast; H+, K+ -ATPase D. osteoblast; vacuolar (V-) E. osteoclast; Na+, K+ -ATPase

A. osteoclasts; vacuolar (V-)

Lipid bilayers differ from micelles in that micelles are A. self limiting structures B. formed spontaneously C. stable in aqueous solution D. often transformed into vesicles E. all are true

A. self limiting structures

The first three reactions of b-oxidation of saturated fatty acids are analagous to which sequence of metabolic reactions already discussed A. succinate, fumarate, malate, oxaloacetate B. isocitrate, a-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate C. oxaloacetate, citrate, isocitrate, a-ketoglutarate D. phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, citrate E. a-ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate

A. succinate, fumarate, malate, oxaloacetate

All are true for phase transitions of lipid bilayers EXCEPT A. the transitions are exothermic B. particular phospholipids display characteristic transition temperatures C. pure phospholipid bilayers have narrow transition ranges D. volume changes usually are associated with phase transitions E. solutes interacting with membrane lipids affect transition temperatures

A. the transitions are exothermic

For the complete oxidation of a saturated fatty acid with 16 carbons, how many times must the b-oxidation cycle be repeated A. 4 B. 7 C. 8 D. 6 E. 16

B. 7

What are the b-oxidation products of oleic acid (18:1D9) and how many ATP equivalents are required for activation? A. 8 acetyl CoA, 8 NADH, 7 FADH2, 1 ATP equivalents B. 9 acetyl CoA, 8 NADH, 7 FADH2, 2 ATP equivalents C. 8 acetyl CoA, 7 NADH, 7 FADH2, 1 ATP equivalents D. 8 acetyl CoA, 7 NADH, 6 FADH2, 2 ATP equivalents E. 9 acetyl CoA, 9 NADH, 8 FADH2, 1 ATP equivalents

B. 9 acetyl CoA, 8 NADH, 7 FADH2, 2 ATP equivalents

Platelet activating factor (PAF) has all of the characteristics EXCEPT: A. PAF is a potential mediator in inflammation, allergic responses, and shock B. PAF is a sphingolipid C. PAF has a beneficial effect on toxic-shock syndrome D. PAF is involved in implantation of the egg in the uterine wall E. PAF stimulates production of fetal lung surfactant

B. PAF is a sphinoglipid

Membranes with unsaturated fatty acids in their components are more flexible and fluid because: A. Unsaturated fatty acids pack closely together to form ordered arrays. B. Unsaturated fatty acids bend at the double bond preventing close packing C. Saturated fatty acids have a "kink" that produces more fluid aggregates D. Unsaturated fatty acids have cis double bonds that prevent formation of the "kink" E. All of the above are correct

B. Unsaturated fatty acids bend at the double bond preventing close packing

In most cases, glycerol phophatides have ____ fatty acid at position 1 and ___ fatty acid at position 2 of the glycerol A. a saturated; a saturated B. a saturated; an unsaturated C. an unsaturated; a saturated D. an unsaturated; an unsaturated E. none are true

B. a saturated; an unsaturated

All are correct concerning the activation of a fatty acid to an acyl-CoA EXCEPT A. it involves the formation of a high energy thioester linkage B. activation is accompanied by the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi C. an acyl-adenylate intermediate is formed D. hydrolysis of ATP produces AMP and PPi, with further hydrolysis of PPi to drive the reaction E. all are correct

B. activation is accompanied by the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi

The first oxidation in the b-oxidation of saturated fatty acids is catalyzed by ____ and is the conversion of _____ A. b-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; a primary alcohol to an aldehyde B. acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; a carbon-carbon single bond to a carbon-carbon double bond C. acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; a secondary alcohol to a ketone D. b-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid E. acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; an aldehyde to a keton

B. acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; a carbon-carbon single bond to a carbon-carbon double bond

Glycosphingolipids consist of a ____ with one or more ____ residues in a(n) ______ linkage at the 1-hydroxyl moiety A. sugar; fatty acids; ester B. ceramide; sugar; b-glycosidic C. ceramide; fatty acid; amide D. glycerol; fatty acids; ester E. none are true

B. ceramide; sugar; b-glycosidic

Integral membrane proteins (intrinsic proteins) do NOT: A. have hydrophobic surfaces as well as hydrophilic surfaces B. dissociate from the membrane by treatment with salt solutions C. get exposed to one or both aqueous surfaces of the membrane. D. insert into the membrane E. have significant lateral mobility

B. dissociate from the membrane by treatment with salt solutions

Ketone bodies are synthesized in the A. cytosol of muscle B. mitochondria of liver C. endoplasmic reticulum of heart D. plasma membrane of brain E. none of the above

B. mitochondria of liver

Glycophorin is a membrane protein with A. multiple transmembrane segments B. most of the mass oriented outside the surface of the cell C. about 10% carbohydrate and 90% protein D. transmembrane b-barrel segments E. all are true

B. most of the mass oriented outside the surface of the cell

Bacteriodrhodopsin affects a light driven ____ proton transport that result in a proton gradient sufficient to drive _____ A. inward; Na+ import B. outward; ATP synthesis C. inward; K+ export D. outward; light emission E. none are true

B. outward; ATP synthesis

The two major phospholipids on the outer leaflet of erythrocytes are A. phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine B. phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin C. phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin D. phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin E. phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine

B. phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids? A. phospholipase A1 B. phospholipase A2 C. phospholipase B D. phospholipase C E. phospholipase D

B. phospholipase A2

Which of the following lipids is correctly defined? A. triacylglycerol: formed from glycerol and 3 fatty acids, primary lipid of membranes B. phospholipid: contains glycerol with 2 fatty acids and a phosphate, very often forms bilayers C. wax: contains a fatty acid and alcohol, used primarily for energy storage D. cholesterol: the primary component of "saturated" fats E. palmitic acid: the most commonly produced unsaturated fatty acid in animals

B. phospholipid: contains glycerol with 2 fatty acids and a phosphate, very often forms bilayers

Cholesterol is a component of all EXCEPT: A. lipoproteins B. plant cell plasma membranes C. membranes of intracellular organelles D. animal cell membranes E. all are true

B. plant cell plasma membrane

Nearly all of the calcium ions in muscle are sequestered inside vesicles called A. mitochondria B. sarcoplasmic reticulum C. endoplasmic reticulum D. Golgi E. secretory vesicles

B. sarcoplasmic reticulum

G protein a-subunits are anchored into membranes by A. amine-linked myristoyl anchors B. thioester-linked fatty acyl anchors C. amide-linked prenyl anchors D. thioester-linked prenyl anchors E. amide-linked glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchors

B. thioester-linked fatty acyl anchors

The Ras proteins are associated to the membrane via what mechanism? A. thioester-linked fatty acyl anchor B. thioester-linked prenyl anchor C. carboxy-terminal ester-linked prenyl anchor D. insertion of a portion of an amphipathic helix into the membrane E. both b and c

B. thioester-linked prenyl anchor

Although present in small amounts in most membranes, glycosphingolipids have a number of cellular functions except: A. involvement in nerve impulse transmission. B. water-repellant properties of animal skin C. tissue and organ specificity D. cell-cell recognition E. tissue immunity

B. water-repellant properties of animal skin

Lipids are biomolecules of choice for storage of metabolic energy because they: A. are soluble in water B. yield a large amount of energy upon oxidation C. are highly oxidized D. are easily hydrolyzed E. are amphipathic

B. yield a large amount of energy upon oxidation

Yeast a-factor ATPase and MDR ATPase are two members of a superfamily of transport proteins that actively transport A. H+ to dissolve bone mineral B. Ca2+ into the sarcoplasm C. a broad group of diverse organic molecules across membranes D. Mg2+ against a concentration gradient E. none of the above

C. a broad group of diverse organic molecules across membranes

What are the three most common ketone bodies A. acetone, butyrate and acetyl-CoA B. acetoacetate, hydroxyacetone phosphate and butyrate C. acetone, b-hydroxybutrate and acetoacetate D. acetoacetate, acetyl-CoA and acetone E. butyrate, acetoacetate and acetone

C. acetone, b-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate

Which of the following correctly describes the conversion of a fatty acid to CO2 A. carnitine shuttle, activation to acyl CoA, b-oxidation, CAC B. activation to acyl CoA, b-oxidation, carnitine shuttle, CAC C. activation to acyl CoA, carnitine shuttle, b-oxidation, CAC D. CAC, activation to acyl CoA, b-oxidation, carnitine shuttle E. none of the above are correct

C. activation to acyl CoA, carnitine shuttle, b-oxidation, CAC

Lipids that spontaneously form micelles, monolayers, and bilayers have what property? A. waxy B. polar C. amphipathic D. bipolar E. polyisoprenoid

C. amphipathic

Facilitated diffusion of neutral metabolites is characterized by A. Lineweaver-Burk plots which pass through the origin B. its large dependence on membrane potential C. an upper limit in the transport velocity as the metabolite concentration increases D. a linear plot when velocity is plotted versus the concentration of the metabolite. E. the ability to facilitate net movement against the thermodynamically favored direction

C. an upper limit in the transport velocity as the metabolite concentration increases.

In ketone body biosynthesis, the HMG-CoA lyase is mechanistically the reverse of the first half of the reaction catalyzed by A. aconitase B. b-hydroxbutyrate dehydrogenase C. citrate synthase D. pyruvate dehydrogenase E. succinyl-CoA synthase

C. citrate synthase

The terpenes are all EXCEPT: A. made up of isoprene monomers B. formed from two or more 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene molecules C. components of wool wax D. monomers units linked head to tail E. all are true

C. components of wool wax

Bile salts are important in the initial digestion of triacylglycerols in the intenstine because they A. are coenzymes for pancreatic lipase B. convert the inactive lipase into the active form C. emulsify the triacylglycerol globules to produce greater surface area which will increase the activity of the lipase D. activate the cleavage at the C-2 position E. permit greater permeability of the triacylglycerols through the intestinal membrane

C. emulsify the triacylgleycerol globules to produce greater surface area which will increase the activity of the lipase

Melittin is a 26-residue peptide in honeybee venom that A. has ionophore antibiotic properties B. is a phospholipase that attacks red blood cells causing hemolysis C. forms a-helical aggregates with amphipathic character in membranes D. is toxic to Na+, K+ -ATPase E. discharges mitochondrial proton graidents and ATP synthesis

C. forms a-helical aggregates with amphipathic character in membranes

People with high blood pressure have high blood levels of endogenous Na+, K+ -ATPase _____ that results in _____ of sodium and calcium in cells lining the blood vessel wall A. inhibitor; decrease B. stimulator, decrease C. inhibitor; accumulation D. stimulator; accumulation E. none of the above

C. inhibitor; accumulation

Fatty acids are mobilized from adipose cells in response to all of the hormones EXCEPT A. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) B. glucagon C. insulin D. epinephrine (adrenaline) E. all are true

C. insulin

All are true for 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase EXCEPT A. reduces trans-D2, cis-D4 double bonds to trans-D3 B. uses NADPH C. involved in saturated fatty acid catabolism D. cooperates with b-oxidation in fatty acid oxidation E. all are true

C. involved in saturated fatty acid catabolism

Which of the following is an example of a unilamellar vesicle? A. monolayer B. bilayer C. liposome D. micelle E. an insisde out micelle

C. liposome

Enoyl-CoA hydratase belongs to what class of enzymes A. oxidoreductases B. hydrolases C. lyases D. ligases E. transferases

C. lyases

Propionyl-CoA is a product of b-oxidation of _____ and is ultimately converted to the TCA cycle intermediate, ______ A. odd-chain fatty acids; citrate B. even-chain fatty acids; isocitrate C. odd-chain fatty acids; succinyl-CoA D. even-chain fatty acids; succinate E. none are true

C. odd-chain fatty acids; succinyl-CoA

Where in the cell are fatty acids condensed with coenzyme A to form acyl-CoA for b-oxidation? A. mitochondrial matrix B. cytoplasm C. outer mitochondrial membrane D. inner mitochondrial membrane E. none of the above

C. outer mitochondrial membrane

Hydropathy plots for transport proteins are utilized to reveal A. amino acid residues which may be highly modified B. amino acid residues which may be directly involved in facilitated transport C. stretches of amino acid residues that make up hydrophobic regions, which may be directly associated with the lipid bilayer D. amino acid residues which are hyper-reactive due to their location E. whether there is interaction between N-terminal and C-terminal amino acids

C. stretches of amino acid residues that make up hydrophobic regions, which may be directly associated with the lipid bilayer

During b-oxidation of certain unsaturated fatty acids, cis-D3-fatty acyl-CoAs are formed that must by converted to _____ -fatty acyl-CoAs by the enzyme ______ A. cis-D2; acyl-CoA dehydrogenase B. trans-D2; acyl-CoA dehydrogenase C. trans-D2; enoyl-CoA dehydrogenase D. trans-D3; enoyl-CoA dehydrogenase E. trans-D2; acyl-CoA isomerase

C. trans-D2; enoyl-CoA dehydrogenase

In the Na+, K+-ATPase mechanism, ATP is involved in all EXCEPT A. binding E2 to change conformation to E1 and release of K+ B. binding E1 to facilitate binding of Na+ C. transferring of a phosphate group to make a sodium phosphate D. hydrolysis to ADP and E1-P E. none of the above

C. transferring a phosphate group to make a sodium phosphate.

Chylomicrons A. are formed in adipose tissue B. are primary energy sources for the brain C. transport dietary triacylglycerols through the bloodstream D. are formed in and secreted by the liver E. contain more phospholipid than triacylglycerol molecules

C. transport dietary triacylglycerols through the bloodstream

The structure is an example of a(n) A. diacylgylcerol B. triacylglycerol C. wax ester D. eicosanoid E. monoacylglycerol

C. wax ester

12-TMS would represent A. 12-transmethyl synthase B. 12-tris-methyl sulfate C. 12-transmembrane symmetry D. 12-transmembrane segments E. 12-trimethyl sterate

D. 12-transmembrane segments

The reaction below is catalyzed by: A. desmolase B. 17a-hydroxylase C. 17,20-lyase D. 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase E. none of the above are true

D. 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

____ carries long-chain fatty acyl groups across the ____ membrane A. Biotin; intestinal B. Carnitine; plasma C. CoA-SH; plasma D. Carnitine; inner mitochondrial E. TPP; outer mitochondrial

D. Carnitine; inner mitochondrial

The correct sequence for transport of fatty acyl groups from the cytosol to the matrix is A. carnitine acyltransferase I B. translocase of carnitine and O-acylcarnitine C. carnitine acyltransferase II D. fatty acyl-CoA synthesis E. O-acetylcarnitine F. fatty acyl-CoA in matrix A. C, B, D, A, F, E B. D, B, F, E, A, C C. D, E, A, C, B, F D. D, A, E, B, C, F E. A, D, E, B, C, F

D. D, A, E, B, C, F

Ouabain, an effective inhibitor of Na+, K+ -ATPase, exhibits all of the following characteristics EXCEPT A. It has a basic steroid structure B. It contains an unsaturated lactone ring at C-17 C. It binds on the extracellular surface of Na+, K+ -ATPase D. It binds tightly to the enzyme/ATP complex in producing the inhibition E. It is a cardiac glycoside

D. It binds tightly to the enzyme/ATP complex in producing the inhibition

Pore-forming toxins solve the problem of a need to provide hydrogen-bonding partners for the polypeptide background N-H and C=O groups in the bilayer that lacks hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors by utilizing extensive A. salt bridge formation B. disulfide bond formation C. b-turns D. a-helices and b-sheets E. none of the above

D. a-helices and b-sheets

All are plant steroids EXCEPT: A. campesterol B. stigmasterol C. b-sitosterol D. cortisol E. all are true

D. cortisol

In eukaryotic cells phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol are synthesized by enzymes located in the ___ and _____, and flow of these components to other membranes in the cell is mediated by _____. A. plasma membrane; mitochondria; osmosis B. endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi; osmosis C. plasma membrane; Golgi; lipid transfer proteins D. endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi; lipid transfer proteins E. endoplasmic reticulum; plasma membrane; flippases

D. endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi; lipid transfer proteins

The steroid hormones that participate in the control of carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism are the A. progestins B. mineralocorticoids C. estrogens D. glucocorticoids E. androgens

D. glucocorticoids

Plant sterols are: A. so similar to cholesterol that they undergo the same physiology and metabolism B. different isomers of cholesterol at the double bond location only C. to be avoided in your diet because they elevate blood cholesterol levels D. highly effective in blocking the absorption of cholesterol by intestinal cells E. none are true

D. highly effective in blocking the absorption of cholesterol by intestinal cells

Dietary essential fatty acids for humans include A. g-linoleic and oleic acids B. oleic and linoleic acids C. palmitic and oleic acids D. linoleic and g-linolenic acids E. all are true

D. linoleic and g-linolenic acids

Diets aimed at reducing coronary heart disease should be: A. low in trans-fatty acids and high in saturated fatty acids B. high in trans-fatty acids and high in saturated fatty acids C. high in trans-fatty acids and low in saturated fatty acids D. low in trans-fatty acids and low in saturated fatty acids E. low in trans-fatty acids and low in unsaturated fatty acids

D. low in trans-fatty acids and low in saturated fatty acids

The porin proteins (e.g., maltoporin) utilize the _____ structural motif A. single transmembrane a-helix B. multiple transmembrane a-helixes C. single b-sheet D. multiple b-sheet E. none of the above

D. multiple b-sheet

The majority of lipid digestion occurs in the duodenum by the enzyme _____ that produces _____ and ______ for absorption A. acid lipase; diacylglycerols; fatty acids B. triacylglycerol lipase; fatty acids; glycerol C. triacylglycerol lipase; fatty acids; glycerol D. pancreatic lipase; monoacylglycerols; fatty acids E. pancreatic lipase; glycerol; fatty acids

D. pancreatic lipase; monoacylglycerols; fatty acids

Certain phospholipids, including ______ and ____, participate in complex cellular signaling events. A. phosphatidylcholine; phosphatidylserine B. phosphatidylserine; phosphatidylalanine C. phosphatidylcholin; phosphatidylglycerol D. phosphatidylinositol; phosphatidylcholine E. phosphatidylethanolamine; phosphatidylserine

D. phosphatidylinositol; phosphatidylcholine

Alkali hydrolysis of triacylglycerols is called ______ and yields ______ and ______ A. triacylation; fatty acids; glycerol B. saponification; fatty alcohols; fatty acids C. triesteration; salts of fatty acids, fatty alcohols D. saponification; salts of fatty acids; glycerol E. none are true

D. saponification; salts of fatty acids; glycerol

Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR)-ATPase is a ____ repeat protein that uses ATP hydrolysis to actively transport a wide variety of drugs ____ the cell A. multiple; into B. multiple; out of C. tandem; into D. tandem; out of E. triple; into

D. tandem; out of

Mobile carriers and pores (or channels) can be distinguished based on the ____ dependence of mobile carrier transport A. pH B. ionic strength C. proton gradient D. temperature E. none of the above

D. temperature

Of the following, which would contain the largest amount of fatty acids with trans double bonds? A. the fatty acid on carbon #1 of the glycerol of phosphatidylcholine B. butter C. canola oil D. the 2 lb, $0.99 package of cookies containing partially hydrogenated cottonseed and/or soy oil that you consumed with 3 (or more) cups of coffee while study last night (or early this morning) E. none of the above would have very much trans-double bond containing fatty acids

D. the 2 lb, $0.99 package of cookies containing partially hydrogenated cottonseed and/or soy oil that you consumed with 3 (or more) cups of coffee while study last night (or early this morning)

Active transport is uniquely characterized by A. transport of hydrophobic molecules B. transport of hydrophilic molecules C. transport of a molecule or ion across a membrane, with the species going from a greater concentration to a lesser concentration D. the tight coupling of an input of energy to drive a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction E. absolute requirement for ATP hydrolysis, and light energy or ion gradient energy will not work

D. the tight coupling of an input of energy to drive a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction

In passive diffusion, the transported species moves across the membrane in the ______ favored direction ______. A. kinetically; using a transport protein B. kinetically; without a specific transport system/molecule C. thermodynamically; using a transport chain D. thermodynamically; without a specific transport system/molecule E. none of the above

D. thermodynamically; without a specific transport system/molecule

The primary storage form of lipid is ___ and it is normally stored in the ____ A. phospholipid; liver B. cholesterol; muscles C. monoacylglycerol; adipocytes D. triacylglycerols; adipocytes

D. triacylglycerols; adipocytes

Absorbed lipids are condense with glycerol in the epithelial cells into______ and re-packaged into _____ that are initially transported by the _____ system A. phospholipids; VLDL; lymphatic B. triacylglycerols; VLDL; portal C. triacylglycerols; LDL; portal D. triacylglycerols; chylomicron; lymphatic E. triacylglycerols; VLDL; lymphatic

D. triacylglycerols; chylomicron; lymphatic

Ketone bodies are transported to the tissues of utilization A. complexed to serum albumin B. incorporated into VLDLs C. complexed to fatty acid binding protein D. freely dissolved in serum E. but require insulin to enter target tissues

D.freely dissolved in serum

How many NAD+ are reduced in the b-oxidation of stearoyl-CoA to form nine molecules of acetyl-CoA A. 18 B. 16 C. 12 D. 9 E. 8

E. 8

Muscle Ca2+ -ATPase resembles Na+, K+ -ATPase in many ways EXCEPT: A. Both have a-subunits of similar size B. Both form covalent E-P intermediates during ATP hydrolysis C. Both have similar mechanisms of ATP hydrolysis D. Both have similar ion transport mechanisms E. Both have residence on the sarcoplasmic reticulum

E. Both have residence on the sarcoplasmic reticulum

_____, a fungal metabolite, is a competitive inhibitor of _____ glucose transport in erythrocytes. A. Amagdylin; facilitated diffusion B. Dodecyl octaoxyethylene ether; active transport C. Bacteriorhodopsin; facilitated diffusion D. Glycoporin; passive diffusion E. Cytochalasm B; facilitated diffusion

E. Cytochalasm B; facilitated diffusion

All are characteristics of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase EXCEPT A. oxidation of the Ca-Cb bond B. comes in at least three isozymes each specific for fatty acids of differing chain lengths C. uses tightly bound FAD D. electrons are transferred to electron transfer falvoprotein (ETF) and on to Q of the electron transport system E. all are correct

E. all are correct

All are true for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase EXCEPT A. does hemolytic cleaveage of Co3+ -C bond B. vitamin B12 -dependent C. classic B12 -enzyme catalyzed rearrangement D. produces succinyl-CoA E. all are true

E. all are true

Fatty acids are all EXCEPT: A. either saturated or unsaturated B. found seldom in free form C. mostly found with an even number of carbons D. found in linear, branched and cyclic forms E. all are true

E. all are true

Liposomes are all EXCEPT: A. used to introduce contrast agents into the body for diagnostic imaging procedures B. able to fuse with cells C. highly stable structures D. possible to prepare with different inside and outside solutions E. all are true

E. all are true

The Ca2+ -ATPase structure is like many of the other active transport proteins in that it has all of the components EXCEPT A. transmembrane domain of ten a-helical segments B. a large cytoplasmic domain with nucleotide binding domain C. a phosphorylation domain D. an actuator domain E. all are true

E. all are true

The dolicols are all EXCEPT: A. form dolichyl phosphates B. a class of polyprenols C. polymers of 16-22 isoprene units D. carriers of carbohydrate units in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins E. all are true

E. all are true

The plasma membrane is responsible for all EXCEPT: A. energy transduction B. exclusion of certain toxic ions and molecules C. signal transduction D. accumulation of cell nutrients E. all are true

E. all are true

When we say that biological membranes are asymmetric structures we mean that A. The lipids are not evenly distributed transversely in the membrane B. The proteins are not evenly distributed over the surface of the membrane C. Patches of cholesterol and other lipids occur on the surface of the membrane D. Certain membrane proteins seem to prefer association with specific lipids E. all are ture

E. all are ture

Gap junctions allow cells to communicate metabolically and are sensitive to A. pH changes B. membrane potentials C. intracellular calcium levels D. hormonal signals E. all of the above

E. all of the above

Which of the following is true regarding membrane function? A. a caveola contains a very high concentration of cholesterol and unsaturated phospholipids B. scaffolding proteins, particularly those containing BAR domains, result in curvature of the cell membrane C. lateral membrane diffusion within a biological membrane is completely unrestricted process D. membrane fusion with vesicles is often accomplished with the aid of a SNARE protein E. both b and d are correct

E. both b and d are correct

All of the following are terpenes EXCEPT: A. squalene B. a-tocopherol (vitamin E). C. coenzyme q (UQ) D. limonen E. cetyl palmitate (spermaceti)

E. cetyl palmitate (spermaceti)

L-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase is analogous in catalytic activity to what enzyme of the citric acid cycle A. aconitase B. citrate synthase C. isocitrate dehydrogenase D. a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase E. malate dehydrogenase

E. malate dehydrogenase

The product of b-oxidation, acetyl-CoA, can be used for all EXCEPT A. synthesis of ketone bodies B. synthesis of amino acids C. catabolism in the TCA cycle D. a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase E. malate dehydrogenase

E. malate dehydrogenase

Flippases are enzymes that flip A. fatty acids from one position on glycerol to another position B. glucose from a- to b-glucose C. amino acids from one position to another in a protein D. cholesterol from one organelle to another E. phospholipids across to the other side of a membrane

E. phospholipids across to the other side of the membrane

The structure is that of A. sphingomyelin B. platelet activating factor (PAF) C. phosphatidylcholine D. a cerebroside E. phosphatidylethanolamine

Platelet activating factor (PAF)