Test #3 Chapter 23 Digestive system

Put the following layers of the digestive tract wall in order from the lumen to the deepest layer. 1. lamina propria 4. digestive (mucous) epithelium 2. muscularis externa 5. serosa 3. submucosa 6. muscularis mucosae

4,1,6,3,2,5

-The region of the stomach the esophagus connects to is the _______________. -The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the ______________ . -The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the _______________ . -The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the _______________. -The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called __________________.

cardia, fundus, body, pylorus, rugae

-Within the oral cavity, both mechanical and chemical ________ begin. -The oral cavity performs (a) ________ prior to swallowing.

digestion; sensory analysis

-The pylorus empties into the _______________ . -During the _________________ phase of gastric secretion, increased production of gastric juice occurs.

duodenum, cephalic

Bile salts aid in the digestion of fats by __________________ large fat droplets. -The _________________ bile duct is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct.

emulsifying; common

-Mary had her stomach mostly removed to try to overcome obesity. As a result, you would expect Mary to be at risk for abnormal __________________

erythropoiesis.

-The structure that marks the division between the right and left lobes of the liver is the _________________ ligament. -Bile is stored in the ___________________ .

falciform, gallbladder

-The clinical term for the gas produced by bacteria in the colon as they metabolize indigestible carbohydrates is called ____________. -The enzyme that digests starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides is ________________. -People who lack the enzyme ____________ often experience GI upset after consuming milk and other dairy products.

flatus, amylase, lactase

-The human liver is composed of ________ lobes. -The basic functional units of the liver are the ______________. -____________ are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of irregular plates converging toward a central vein. -The fusion of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the ______________ bile duct. -In the center of a liver lobule there is a central _____________ .

four, lobules, Hepatocytes, common, vein

-An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is __________________________ . -An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is ____________________.

gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), gastrin

-The stomach secretes the hormone ghrelin which functions to stimulate ____________. -The enzyme pepsin digests ________________ . -An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that coagulates milk proteins is _______________.

hunger, proteins, rennin

-Parietal cells secrete ________________________ acid and Chief cells secrete_________________ . -G cells of the stomach secrete ________

hydrochloric, pepsinogen, gastrin.

Tony is a chronic alcoholic with cirrhosis of the liver, a condition in which liver cells die and are replaced by connective tissue. Name the symptoms would you expect to observe in Tony?

increased clotting time jaundice portal hypertension and ascites decrease in plasma protein production

Tom has hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver. Which disease would you expect to observe in Tom?

jaundice

A surgical procedure to promote rapid weight loss is removal of most of the___________________ .

jejunum

-The middle segment of the small intestine is called the _________________ . -Pancreatic juice enters the small intestine at the _______________ papilla. -The pancreas has endocrine cells that produce hormones and ________________ cells that produce digestive enzymes.

jejunum; duodenal; exocrine

-The technical term for chewing is _____________ . -The small, semisolid mass of food formed during mastication is called a ___________. -Upon swallowing, food moves from the mouth directly into the ____________. -After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as ____________ .

mastication; bolus; oropharynx; chyme

Digestion refers to the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. Write the functions of the digestive system.

mechanical processing, absorption, secretion,ingestion

The _______________________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels.

mesenteries

The greater ____________ is a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.

omentum

-The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of _________________ acini. -The pancreas produces lipases and amylase. nucleases. peptidases and proteinases and __________________________ bicarbonate.

pancreatic, sodium

In most cases, the mumps is a viral infection of the ________ glands. This salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase.

parotid

-Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called ______________ . -The digestive tract is also referred to as the alimentary canal and the _____________ tract.

peristalsis, GI

-_____________ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping. -______________ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing. -______________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.

Incisors, Cuspids, Molars

- the organ is primarily responsible for water absorption: _____________ -Name the layer of the digestive tract has a layer of areolar tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae: _________________ -Name the organ responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials: ______________

small intestine, lamina propria, large intestine

-Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the _________________ plexus. -The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the ____________________ propria. -A feature of the digestive tract wall that increases surface area available for absorption is the _____________ folds.

submucosal, lamina, circular

Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in ______________.

swallowing.

-The stomach is different from other digestive organs in that it has ____________ layers of muscle in the muscularis externa. -Peyer's patches are characteristic of the _________________. -Brunner glands are characteristic of the ______________ . -The middle segment of the small intestine is the ______________ . -The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the _____________ . -Circular folds are pleats in the lining of the ______________intestine.

three, ileum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, small