Test 3 M.C.

Making a generalization from specific examples is called a. deductive reasoning b. inductive reasoning c. causal reasoning d. problem-solution reasoning e. a logical fallacy

inductive reasoning

When Carlos, an engineer, attended a meeting of physicians, he could barely understand them because of their specialized _________ a. dialect. b. vague words. c. code switching. d. verbiage. e. jargon.

jargon

The most inactive delivery is _______ a. manuscript. b. memorized. c. impromptu. d. extemporaneous.

manuscript

Tom writes out his speech on note cards and then takes the cards to the podium where he reads from them, as conversationally as possible. He's using _________ delivery. a. impromptu b. memorized c. manuscript d. extemporaneous

manuscript

African-American scholars argue that _________ reasoning is typical of African and African-American speaking. a. metaphorical b. causal reasoning c. deduction d. parallel case

metaphorical

A speaker who argues that a scholarship program for debaters would succeed in your college because a similar program worked well in another college is using _____ a. a syllogism b. induction c. cause to effect reasoning d. effect to cause reasoning e. parallel case reasoning

parallel case reasoning

The least effective way to display a photograph is __________ a. on an overhead transparency. b. transferred to a handout. c. projected using a slide. d. enlarged and mounted on posterboard. e. passed around among audience members.

passed around among audience members

Bonnie just got braces on her teeth at age 40. She wants to avoid speaking because of her teeth; she should keep in mind that _________ a. her audiences will probably tune her out because of her weight. b. neatness is more important than looks in this culture. c. people won't really notice her weight. d. people will notice her braces, but they'll focus less on it as she proceeds.

people will notice her braces, but they'll focus less on it as she proceeds

Saying "my husband is a male nurse" violates which principle? a. Avoid language that privileges one group over another. b. Avoid undue emphasis on differences. c. Avoid dismissive language. d. Avoid non-parallel language. e. Avoid creating invisibility.

Avoid undue emphasis on differences

When designing a text-based presentation aid, do all BUT: a. Use all capital letters. b. Use serif fonts on handouts because they're easier to read. c. Use title or sentence case. d. Use italics.

Use all capital letters

Which is NOT a suggestion for using visual aids successfully? a. Use as many visual aids as possible. b. Be sure the visual aid can be seen. c. Follow the six by six rule. d. Have a backup plan in case of mechanical failure. e. Display visuals only when you use them.

Use as many visual aids as possible

Aristotle identified three elements of rhetoric, including all BUT________ a. warrants. b. ethos. c. pathos. d. logos. e. none of the above.

Warrants

Which is NOT a question to ask yourself when you choose a persuasive topic? a. What ideas or issues would I argue for or against? b. What ideas or issues do I feel neutral toward? c. What changes would I like to see in society? d. What can make life more meaningful for myself and others?

What ideas or issues do i feel neutral toward?

"The U.S. government should stay out of Mexican politics" is _________ a. a claim of fact. b. an opinion. c. a value claim. d. a policy claim. e. a debatable point.

a policy claim

"Tuition costs should stay the same" is ________________ a. a factual claim. b. an opinion that most students hold. c. a value claim. d. a policy claim for the status quo.

a policy claim FOR the status quo

"Driving an SUV is wrong" is ________ a. a claim of fact. b. an opinion. c. a value claim. d. a policy claim. e. a debatable point.

a value claim

Gestures include all BUT: a. posture. b. walking. c. a small eyebrow lift. d. extending your hands to show a distance. e. all of the above are gestures. (246)

all of the above are gestures

Reasoning by analogy is done _______ a. through figurative analogies. b. through literal analogies. c. by testing claims. d. all of these. e. none of these.

all of these

The word "weed" is _________ because it has many meanings. a. jargon b. ambiguous c. vague d. connotative e. denotative

ambiguous

Jessica says "pahking" for parking. This is a difference in ______ a. pronunciation. b. articulation. c. stress. d. accent.

articulation

Roslyn is trying to decide whether or not to lose weight. According to the Theory of Reasoned Action, she is most likely to _______ a. have a fairly negative attitude toward diets. b. be strongly influenced by her fiancée who wants her to drop a few pounds. c. feel that losing weight is nearly impossible for her. d. believe that a few extra pounds actually make her more attractive. e. all of these.

be strongly influenced by her fiancee who wants her to drop a few pounds

Chalkboards are especially good for _______ a. brainstorming sessions. b. displaying maps and drawings. c. increasing your competence in your audience's eyes. d. displaying professional-looking lists. e. use in large auditoriums.

brainstorming sessions

When Carmen speaks to a group of bilingual (Spanish-English speaking) clients, she uses Standard English for some sentences and phrases and Spanish for others. This is called _______ a. connotative meaning. b. dialect. c. jargon. d. code switching. e. ESL (English as a Second Language).

code switching

Inconsistency between actions and beliefs is a good motivator for change, according to a. Aristotle's persuasive theory. b. the Theory of Reasoned action. c. classical Roman rhetorical theory. d. cognitive dissonance theory. e. Athabaskan theory of behavior.

cognitive dissonance theory

Handouts are common in _______ a. classroom speeches but not in committee meetings. b. sales speeches but not in business settings. c. committee meetings but not in classroom speeches. d. doctors' lectures but not sales speeches.

committee meetings but not in classroom speeches

"Madeleine L'Engle writes good books. This is a book by Ms. L'Engle; therefore, it will be good." This is an example of a. a syllogism b. induction c. cause to effect reasoning d. effect to cause reasoning e. parallel case reasoning

deduction

A major challenge with manuscript delivery is _____ a. rehearsing the words you wish to accent. b. timing the speech. c. storing the speech for future reference. d. delivering the speech conversationally.

delivering the speech conversationally

The _______ meaning is what the word names or identifies; the _________ meaning includes the emotional overtones the word implies. a. connotative . . . denotative b. denotative . . . connotative

denotative ... connotative

To use an overhead projector skillfully you should ______________ a. turn the projector on before you display your first visual, but leave it on throughout your speech so that lights going on and off won't distract the audience. b. use a pointer to point at the screen rather than touch the screen with your hand. c. display each line as you discuss the point it makes. d. ignore your trembling hand as you point out something on the transparency; audience members know you're scared, so why hide it?

display each line as you discuss the point it makes

Max wants to convince his audience that zinc is an excellent cold remedy. He should do all these things EXCEPT _____ a. begin with logical appeals. b. carefully build a factual case with credible evidence. c. emphasize emotional appeals. d. prove his competence by being knowledgeable.

emphasize emotional appeals

My sister is thick is a(n) _________________ for overweight. a. connotation b. denotation c. ambiguous word d. euphemism e. epithet

euphemism

_______ are especially useful in conveying emotions. a. posture. b. facial expressions. c. gestures. d. walking.

facial expressions

Persuasive speeches can be made about _______ a. claims of fact but not value claims. b. claims of value or policy, but not both in the same speech. c. claims arguing for but not against status quo policies. d. factual, value, and policy claims.

factual, value, and policy claims

Computer Programs that help you prepare a set of lists, tables, graphs, and so on are called ______ a. word processing programs. b. graphics programs. c. presentation software programs. d. scanners.

presentation software programs

The cultural proverb "Cleanliness is next to godliness" exemplifies the U.S. emphasis on ______ a. relatively permanent physical features. b. good grooming. c. dressing for success. d. skillful use of accessories. e. ethical dimensions of speaking.

good grooming

Carol has a friend who likes University X. On a visit to campus she meets forty students, all but one of whom likes the university--and that one simply doesn't like school. She concludes from these examples that University X is a good school. This is _________ a. reasoning from analogy. b. deduction. c. induction. d. reasoning from cause to effect. e. reasoning by parallel case.

induction

In the Theory of Reasoned Action _______ a. attitudes include a mental and an emotional component. b. subjective norms are perceptions of what significant people think we should do. c. perceived behavioral control is our opinion about whether or not we can do something. d. all of these. e. a. and c. only.

All of these

Use of verbiage violates which guideline for language usage? a. Be accurate. b. Be appropriate. c. Be clear. d. Be concrete. e. Be concise.

Be concise

Andrae communicates in a way that is personally effective and socially appropriate. The best term for this is _______ a. communicative competence. b. self-confidence. c. cynical. d. sincerity. e. credibility.

Communicative Competence

Which is NOT a tip for using a teleprompter? a. Rehearse with the teleprompter before you speak. b. Adjust the speed of the lines to your speaking rate. c. Think of it as reading the credit lines at the end of a movie. d. Deliver the speech so that it sounds memorized, not read.

Deliver the speech so that it sounds memorized, not read

Which of the following is NOT included in Toulmin's Reasoning Model? a. Warrant b. Backing c. Claim d. Experiment e. Grounds

Experiment

Tonya, who on the spur of the moment tells an amusing story at a farewell dinner, is using _____ delivery. a. impromptu b. memorized c. manuscript d. extemporaneous

Impromptu

Which is NOT a factor in the influence of culture on reasoning? a. Various groups conceptualize issues differently. b. What is considered a "good reason" varies. c. Some cultures do not use reasoning strategies. d. The norms for framing a discussion are different. e. Cultures differ on issues considered appropriate for discussion.

Some cultures do not use reasoning strategies

Which is NOT the advantage of overhead transparencies? a. They are simple to make. b. They are inexpensive. c. It is easy to make professional-quality transparencies. d. They require no equipment to display. e. You can use them in place of a chalkboard.

They require no equipment to display

All of these suggestions about clothing are good to keep in mind EXCEPT _____ a. remember that clothing choices influence audience perceptions. b. select more casual clothing than normal so that you feel comfortable as you speak. c. check out the clothing expectations for the particular occasion. d. choose simple accessories of the best quality you can afford. e. in general, choose conservative clothing.

select more casual clothing than normal so that you feel comfortable as you speak

Political maps ________ a. don't become as outdated as geographical maps. b. show mountains, deserts, and other natural features. c. are hard to display on an overhead projector. d. show borders between nations and states.

show borders between nations and states

When you plan to use posters on a regular basis, ______ a. make new ones for each presentation. b. use hand lettering in several colors. c. store and transport them in a portfolio. d. roll them up and store them so they take up little space. e. use them with larger audiences.

store and transport them in a portfolio

The principles for language usage are found in the canon of ____ a. invention. b. disposition. c. style. d. memory. e. delivery.

style

A speaker who argues that a scholarship program for debaters would succeed in your small private college because a similar program worked well in a major state university should consider if the _____ a. case is a metaphor or a literal analogy. b. two situations are alike in essential details. c. cases contrast enough to be meaningful. d. situation is fundamentally dialogically enough to be convincing.

two situations are alike in essential details

"A high protein diet is better for you than a high carbohydrate diet" is a _____ claim. a. factual b. definition or classification c. value d. policy

value

You probably won't want to use slides if you _________ a. will be speaking in a large auditorium. b. have access to an overhead projector instead. c. want to project an image-based visual. d. want a well-lit room so that people can take notes on your talk.

want a well-lit room so that people can take notes on your talk

According to the text, one bonus to using inclusive language is ____________ a. you can increase your credibility. b. you have a better chance of getting a well-paying job. c. you have eliminated negative connotations from public discourse. d. you will be perceived as being politically correct. e. all of these.

you can increase your credibility