Test 3 part 2

Marcie will soon be 50 years old, so to pamper herself, she decided to get a massage. With respect to the typology of service environments, this type of service would be categorized as _____.

hedonic

Which type of consumer problem is one on which the consumer is not aware?

inactive

What is the most common approach to discovering consumer problems?

intuition

Which of the following also includes a situation-specific component?

involvement

A person who shops a nicer store than normal because he or she is buying a gift is influenced by the _____ characteristic of the situation.

task definition

Mark is developing the marketing strategy for his business, which is a retail store. He knows that situation characteristics will interact with his marketing activity. Which of the following is a situation characteristic he needs to consider?

task definition

Stacy is shopping to purchase new linens for her guest room. Which situational characteristic is influencing her behavior?

task definition

Which group needs to understand how situational influences affect consumers' disposition decisions?

A) marketers B) government C) environmental organizations D) a and b E) a, b, and c answer

Which of the following is NOT a type of consumer decision making discussed in your text?

complex decision making

Which nonmarketing factor affects a consumer's desired state?

culture/subculture

Beiersdorf is working to have their Nivea for Men brand introduced and publicized in America in order to _____.

have men recognize a problem with respect to facial care

Relative importance of a problem is determined by which of the following?

how critical the problem is to the maintenance of the consumer's desired lifestyle

The level of one's desire to resolve a particular problem depends on which factors?

the magnitude of the discrepancy between the desired and actual states and the relative importance of the problem

Which of the following is a reason consumers give gifts?

A) social expectations B) ritualized consumption experiences C) to elicit return favors D) as an expression of love and caring E) all of the above answer

Which of the following is a nonmarketing factor affecting problem recognition?

A) social status B) past decisions C) motives D) situation E) all of the above answer

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding ritual situations?

Marketers cannot change or create consumption patterns associated with ritual situations.

The situation in which consumers receive information has an impact on their behavior and is referred to as the _____ situation.

communications

Rachel is going to the mall to purchase a wedding gift for a co-worker. Based on research, which type of product is she likely to buy?

utilitarian

Which of the following are antecedent states?

moods and momentary conditions

Nominal decision making is sometimes referred to as _____.

habitual decision making

Binge drinking among college students can be described as a(n) _____.

ritual behavior

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding crowding as a situational characteristic?

Crowding is unpleasant regardless of a consumers' culture.

Which of the following is a way that gifts communicate symbolic meaning?

A) In many cases price can be known and can be interpreted as a measure of the esteem the giver has for the receiver. B) The image and functionality of the gift implies the giver's impression of the image and personality of the receiver. C) It reflects on the image and thoughtfulness of the giver. D) It can signify the type of relationship the giver has or desires with the receiver. E) all of the above answer

Shopping on the Internet provides which important time-related dimension?

A) It has the potential to reduce the amount of time required to make a specific purchase. B) It provides the consumer with almost total control over when the purchase is made. C) It eliminates the uneasiness of crowding experienced in many retail outlets. D) a and b answer

Which condition is appropriate to attempt to influence generic problem recognition?

A) It is early in the product life cycle. B) The firm has a high percentage of the market. C) External search after problem recognition is apt to be limited. D) It is an industry-wide cooperative effort. E) all of the above answer

Which of the following is a step in the approach for developing situation-based marketing strategies that was given in the textbook?

A) Use observational studies, focus group discussions, depth interviews, and secondary data to discover the various usage situations that influence the consumption of the product. B) Survey a large sample of consumers to better understand and quantify how the product is used and the benefits sought in the usage situation by the market segment. C) Construct a person-situation segmentation matrix. D) Evaluate each cell in terms of potential. E) all of the above answer

Which of the following is an approach to problem identification?

A) activity analysis B) product analysis C) problem analysis D) emotion research E) all of the above answer

Under conditions of crowding, consumers tend to _____.

A) buy less B) make faster decisions C) use less information D) be less satisfied E) all of the above answer

Which of the following is a situation in which consumer behavior occurs?

A) communications situation B) purchase situation C) usage situation D) disposition situation E) all of the above answer

Which of the following is NOT a situation in which consumer behavior occurs?

A) communications situation B) purchase situation C) usage situation D) disposition situation E) all of the above are situations in which consumer behavior occurs answer

To understand a consumer's behavior, we must know about the _____.

A) consumer B) situation C) stimulus object D) a and b E) a, b, and c answer

A store's atmosphere can influence which of the following?

A) consumers' judgments of the quality of the store B) store's image C) shoppers' moods D) shoppers' willingness to visit and linger E) all of the above answer

Which of the following is a concern marketing managers have related to problem recognition?

A) discovering consumer problems B) developing the marketing mix to solve consumer problems C) helping consumers recognize problems D) suppressing problem recognition among consumers E) all of the above answer

Which of the following is a type of consumer decision making discussed in your text?

A) nominal decision making B) limited decision making C) extended decision making D) b and c E) a, b, and c answer

Which color is arousing?

A) red B) yellow C) blue D) a and b answer

What do Hispanic girls celebrate when they are fifteen years old?

A) ritual situation B) bat mitzvah C) quinceanera D) Cinco De Mayo E) a and c answer

Which of the following statements is true regarding active and inactive consumer problems?

Active problems require the marketer only to convince consumers that its brand is the superior solution.

Which of the following statements is true regarding moods?

Ad and brand attitudes are often influenced in a mood-congruent manner.

_____ is the process managers use to manipulate the physical retail environment to create specific mood responses in shoppers.

Atmospherics

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding consumer decisions and the consumer decision process?

Consumer decisions are rational and functional; otherwise they do not involve decisions per se.

What has research revealed regarding consumers' variety-seeking behavior?

Consumers are more likely to become bored on sensory attributes such as taste.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding problem recognition?

Only when the desired state is greater than the actual state will a problem exist.

_____ is the result of a discrepancy between a desired state and an actual state that is sufficient to arouse and activate the decision process?

Problem recognition

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate condition to attempt to influence generic problem recognition?

The firm has a small percentage of the market.

Which of the following is the FIRST step in the approach for developing situation-based marketing strategies?

Use observational studies, focus group discussions, depth interviews, and secondary data to discover the various usage situations that influence the consumption of the product.

Emma noticed that she was almost out of gas, so she pulled into the nearest gas station and filled up her tank. Emma's decision on which gas to purchase is characterized by _____.

a low level of purchase involvement

The purchase decision and consumption process always occur in the context of _____.

a specific situation

Many elderly consumers have problems with arthritis. This painful condition makes it almost impossible for them to open jars or medicine containers because the joints in their fingers are so stiff. Which type of consumer problem is this?

active

Which type of consumer problem is one the consumer is aware of or will become aware of in the normal course of events?

active

What are the types of consumer problems?

active and inactive

Kim was participating in a focus group in which the discussion centered around the participants' problems encountered while taking care of their hair. Which approach to problem identification is this?

activity analysis

Which approach to problem identification focuses on a particular activity such as lawn maintenance?

activity analysis

A(n) _____ is the way an individual perceives his or her feelings and situation to be at the present time.

actual state

Bessie is at the grocery store and is trying to remember some of the things she needs to buy. She is in the cleaning products aisle looking at the floor cleaning products. She's pretty sure she has another bottle left at home, so she doesn't purchase another. Bessie's perception of her current situation regarding this product reflects her ____.

actual state

Which of the following is NOT a key situational dimension or characteristic that influences consumer behavior?

alternative evaluation

Features of the individual person that are not lasting characteristics, such as momentary moods or conditions, are called _____.

antecedent states

Which of the following is an ancient solemn event marketing the coming of age of a Jewish male?

bar mitzvah

Brad was out of soft drinks in his dorm room, so he went to the store and purchased Coke. This is the brand he always buys, and he would not even consider purchasing another brand. Which type of nominal decision does this illustrate?

brand loyal decision

Which type of nominal decision is characterized by a fairly high degree of product involvement but a low degree of purchase involvement?

brand loyal decision

Nominal decisions can be broken into which two distinct categories?

brand loyal decisions and repeat purchase decisions

Which of the following are components of the physical environment?

colors, aromas, music, and crowding

In which situation do marketers attempt to place their ads in appropriate media contexts to enhance their effectiveness?

communications

Which of the following services would be classified as having an extended hedonic consumption purpose?

cruise

A(n) _____ is the way an individual wants to feel or be at the present time.

desired state

Candice is on a diet and wants to lose 10 pounds. She wants to be thin right now, which represents her _____.

desired state

Decisions made by consumers regarding the _____ situation can create significant social problems as well as opportunities for marketers.

disposition

Gertrude is very environmentally-conscious, so she only uses paper bags at the grocery store and tries to purchase items in packages that are recyclable. Her behavior concerns which type of situation?

disposition situation

Walker and his wife have two children. They have purchased a new computer for their household every four years or so for almost twenty years. When Walker purchases a new one, usually for him to be able to work at home, one of his children will get the old one. However, they have a few old computers sitting in the attic and garage because Walker doesn't really know how to get rid of them. This is an example of which type of situation?

disposition situation

Which situation involves consumers disposing of products or product packages after or before product use?

disposition situation

Clara is shopping with her friend, Jane, when they both went into a drug store. Clara needed to buy medication for hemorrhoids, but she was reluctant to do so in front of Jane. Which emotion was Clara probably experiencing in this situation?

embarrassment

Which of the following is a negative emotion influenced by both the product (e.g., hearing aids, feminine hygiene products) and the situation?

embarrassment

One retailer asked a group of consumers the types of emotions they experience in both positive and negative retail situations. The purpose of this research was to uncover consumer reactions to various situations so that clerks could be trained to respond appropriately. Which approach to problem recognition is this?

emotion research

Which approach to problem recognition examines emotions associated with certain problems?

emotion research

Which type of industry has developed around the use of ambient scents?

environmental fragrancing

In the United States, a man usually gives a woman a diamond ring for her to wear on her left-hand ring finger when they become engaged to be married. However, one diamond distributor has developed the idea that women should wear diamonds on their right hands as well. Marketing communications regarding the Diamond Right Hand Ring stress the independence of women and their ability to buy a diamond for themselves. One ad claims that a diamond on a left hand says "we," while a diamond on the right hand says "me." This diamond distributor is attempting to _____.

expand the usage situation

Arm & Hammer baking soda has been very successful promoting other uses for this product. Advertisements provide several uses other than baking, such as removing odors from carpeting, the laundry, and kitty litter boxes. Finding more uses for a product is known as _____.

expanded usage situation

The Smith's oldest daughter, Olivia, is a senior in high school. She has all "A's" and scored a 34 on the ACT. She is president of the debate team and the national honor society as well as a member of the cheerleading squad. Olivia wants to attend medical school, so both she and her parents are very concerned about which undergraduate school she attends. They have spent countless hours on the Internet examining universities, and they have already visited five campuses. For Olivia and her parents, which type of decision making does this represent?

extended decision making

Very high levels of purchase involvement tend to produce _____.

extended decision making

Which type of consumer decision making involves the evaluation of many attributes and alternatives and employs complex decision rules?

extended decision making

Which type of decision making involves an extensive internal and external information search followed by a complex evaluation of multiple alternatives and significant postpurchase evaluation?

extended decision making

Mickey and his three roommates were asked to participate in a research study. They arrived and were seated in a room with about 8 other guys their age. Then the researcher started asking them questions about their sporting activities, but he let them talk pretty freely. Mickey and the others participated in which type of research technique?

focus group

Which type of research technique gathers 8 to 12 similar individuals (e.g., working mothers) brought together to discuss a particular topic?

focus group

Crowding generally produces which outcome for the retail outlet and the consumer?

generally negative outcomes for both

Campbell's soup used several advertising campaigns that stressed the benefits of soup in general. For example, one tagline used was "Soup is good food," and another was "Never underestimate the power of soup." Which type of problem recognition was Campbell's attempting to stimulate?

generic problem recognition

Which problem recognition involves a discrepancy that a variety of brands within a product category can reduce?

generic problem recognition

Two basic approaches to causing problem recognition are _____.

generic problem recognition and selective problem recognition

The manager of a bank branch is concerned about the number of mistakes the tellers were making, so he started manipulating different aspects of the environment in the bank to see what effect each has on the tellers' performance. He examined factors such as the lighting, temperature, and the volume of the music playing in the bank. Which approach to problem recognition is this manager using?

human factors research

Which approach to problem recognition attempts to determine human capabilities in areas such as vision, strength, response time, flexibility, and fatigue and the effect on these capabilities of lighting, temperature, and sound?

human factors research

The Martin's home has potentially unsafe levels of radon, but they have no idea because it is odorless and they have not been feeling any ill effects from it. In fact, several homes have this problem and the owners are not aware of it, and they may never become aware of it unless testing is done. What type of consumer problem is this?

inactive

How does music influence consumer behavior?

influences mood

Rudy is a product category manager for a major consumer packaged goods manufacturer. Part of his job requires that he analyze a given product category and logically determine where improvements could be made. Rudy has determined several consumer problems this way. Which of the following best describes how Rudy uncovers consumer problems?

intuition

James is giving his cousin, Conor, a new video game for his birthday. Which of the following is the most likely reason James is giving this gift?

it is a ritualized consumption experience

Mike is the owner of a restaurant that also has a bar. Based on research that studied the impact of background music on restaurant patrons, what can Mike expect if he uses slow music in his establishment?

larger amount of bar purchases

Marla is bored with her cell phone. She wants to purchase a new one that has cool ring tones and can take a picture. She's not going to conduct a big search for a new phone as she's just going to consider a few others. Which type of decision making is this?

limited decision making

Which type of consumer decision making includes the evaluation of only a few attributes, simple decision rules, and few alternatives?

limited decision making

Which type of decision making covers the middle ground between nominal and extended decision making?

limited decision making

Which type of decision making involves internal and external search, few alternatives, simple decision rules on a few attributes, and little postpurchase evaluation?

limited decision making

Blake doesn't much care about cars but is engaging in a substantial amount of information search about cars since he is about to buy a new car. In terms of involvement, Blake is _____.

low in product involvement; high in purchase involvement

Under conditions of crowding, consumers tend do to all of the following EXCEPT _____.

make more demands on the sales personnel

The person present during a focus group discussion that keeps the discussion moving and focused on the topic is called a(n) _____.

moderator

Stan was feeling very tired and hungry in the mid-afternoon, so he ate a Snickers candy bar. Stan is attempting to manage his _____.

momentary condition

Clark and his family normally live paycheck to paycheck. However, this month, they found themselves with a little extra money, so they decided to go out to a nice restaurant and to a movie. This is an example of the antecedent state of _____.

momentary conditions

Which of the following reflects temporary states of being rather than temporary states of mind?

momentary conditions

A market research study asked consumers to rate themselves with respect to several adjectives, such as happy, cheerful, peaceful, sad, blue, and depressed. What is this research trying to assess?

mood

Transient feeling states that are generally not tied to a specific event or object are known as _____.

moods

Which type of consumer decision making does NOT include alternative evaluation?

nominal decision making

Which type of consumer decision making includes only a limited internal information search and no external search for information?

nominal decision making

Which type of consumer decision making only includes the stages of problem recognition, limited internal information search, purchase, and limited postpurchase behavior?

nominal decision making

Which type of decision making process in effect involves no decision per se?

nominal decision making

All EXCEPT which of the following nonmarketing factor affects consumers' desired state?

normal depletion

The situation interacts with the marketing activity and the individual to determine behavior. Which of the following is a marketing activity?

package

Some consumers are highly susceptible to interpersonal influence, which is a _____.

personality trait

Decor, sounds, aromas, lighting, weather, and configurations of merchandise or other materials surrounding the stimulus object are included in which situational characteristic?

physical surroundings

Melanie lives in a small city that does not have a lot of the interesting retail stores. She and her two best friends take a trip twice a year to places such as Atlanta, Dallas, and Chicago to go shopping. It's so exciting for them to go in some of the stores because they are so unique, and they have only seen them online or in catalogs. Also, several cities now have lifestyle centers or town centers that are reminiscent of downtown in bygone days. All of the factors such as decor, sounds, aromas, lighting, weather, and configurations of merchandise or other materials surrounding the merchandise that Melanie and her friends make a special trip to experience comprise which situation characteristic?

physical surroundings

All EXCEPT which of the following nonmarketing factors affect a consumer's actual state?

reference group

A food manufacturer asked a group of working mothers to think about the problem of serving nutritious meals to their families given their time constraints and to indicate what activities, products, or brands are associated with or perhaps could eliminate those problems. This manufacturer is using which approach to problem recognition?

problem analysis

Which approach to problem recognition starts with a problem and asks respondents to indicate which activities, products, or brands are associated with (or perhaps could eliminate) those problems?

problem analysis

Tess noticed that she was almost out of shampoo. Which stage of the decision process will this observation activate?

problem recognition

What is the first stage of the consumer decision process?

problem recognition

A manufacturer of a digital music player asked several consumers the problems associated with using these types of products. Several consumers said that they had trouble downloading music onto their computers and then onto their music players. Which approach to problem recognition is this marketer using?

product analysis

Which approach to problem recognition examines the purchase or use of a particular product or brand?

product analysis

Which of the following is a nonmarketing factor affecting consumers' actual state?

product/brand performance

The level of concern for, or interest in, the purchase process triggered by the need to consider a particular purchase is known as _____.

purchase involvement

A firm that introduces a new line of non-fat snack food due to increasing consumer concern with health is _____.

reacting to problem recognition

A closed-in feeling created by a crowded store will result in adaptive strategies that could _____.

reduce shopping time, reduce purchases, and alter the use of in-store information

Rita is doing her family's grocery shopping and purchases ice cream. She's purchased Blue Bell ice cream before and purchases it again. She's not committed to this brand; it's just that she and her family like it. Which type of nominal decision is this?

repeat purchase decision

Which type of nominal decision is characterized by a consumer believing that all brands within a given product category are about the same and not attaching much importance to the product category or purchase?

repeat purchase decision

Carmen is double majoring in fashion merchandising and graphic design in college. When she graduates, she wants to design the physical environment of retail stores, particularly those in women's fashions. She wants to create environments that create specific mood responses in shoppers. Which field best describes what Carmen wants to do?

retail atmospherics

A socially defined occasion that triggers a set of interrelated behaviors that occur in a structured format and that have symbolic meaning is referred to as a _____.

ritual situation

Every year around the 4th of July, families get together and celebrate a family reunion as well as Independence Day. The Normans, one such family, does this every year, and the party is pretty much the same every year. A cookout is held at one family member's home, and games for the children are played, such as a three-legged race and an egg toss competition. The family that wins the overall competition gets to take home a hideous, but meaningful trophy for that year. This is an example of a _____.

ritual situation

Giving out candy to children on Halloween, giving chocolate and roses to sweethearts on Valentine's Day, and wearing green and drinking green beer on St. Patrick's Day are all examples of _____.

ritual situations

An advertisement for Topol toothpaste, which is targeted at smokers and coffee and wine drinkers, stresses how this is the only brand that can remove the stains associated with these consumption behaviors. Which type of problem recognition is this marketer attempting to stimulate?

selective problem recognition

Which problem recognition involves a discrepancy that only one brand can solve?

selective problem recognition

Atmosphere is referred to as _____ when describing a service business such as a hospital, bank, or restaurant.

servicescape

Richard is studying how various usage situations influence the consumption of his company's products. He conducted qualitative analyses (i.e., focus group discussions and depth interviews) as well as surveyed a larger sample of consumers to better understand and quantify how products are used and the benefits sought in the usage situation by the market segment. Richard is performing the first two steps in an approach to develop _____.

situation-based marketing strategies

All those factors particular to a time and place that do not follow from knowledge of the stable attributes of the consumer and the stimulus and that have an effect on current behavior are known as _____.

situational influence

Jessica and her friends are 16 years old like to shop at Aeropostale, which is a clothing store targeted to teens and young adults. They like to go in that store because there are usually some pretty cute guys working and shopping there. Even though there are some parents shopping with their teens, the other customers are usually teens like themselves. The other individuals present in this store represent the _____.

social surroundings

Mimi is a teenager and wants to be accepted by her friends. In fact, she might act a certain way not because she really wants to, but rather, she does it because others around her are doing it. The influence these others have on Mimi represent which situational characteristic?

social surroundings

The other individuals present in the particular situation are referred to as the _____.

social surroundings

Many of you have probably heard of Banana Republic retail stores and perhaps have shopped there. Many of you may not know that the store used to look much different than it does today. It used to be more like an adventure, and the merchandise assortment was more appropriate for a safari. If you've ever seen an Indiana Jones movie, you can get a pretty good idea of what Banana Republic used to look like. The stores would have a jeep in the store, camouflage netting, and music from the 1940s playing. The inside had wooden beams and maps hung on the wall that looked like treasure maps. Much of the merchandise was accompanied by a sign that had a tale of some adventure associated with it. These physical features of the retail environment are referred to as the _____.

store atmosphere

The sum of all the physical features of a retail environment is referred to as the _____

store atmosphere

Effective quality control and distribution and package inserts that assure the consumer of the wisdom of their purchase are attempts at _____.

suppressing problem recognition

Which research technique asks relatively large numbers of individuals about the problems they are facing?

survey

The reason the consumption activity is occurring is the situation characteristic of _____.

task definition

Which of the following is NOT a consumption response?

task definition

Which of the following is NOT an individual characteristic influencing consumer behavior?

task definition

One aspect of purchasing from QVC, one of the cable shopping channels on television, is that the "offer" will expire within a certain amount of time, creating a sense of urgency among consumers. Teresa watches this channel frequently, and admitted that this aspect of the situation does influence her decision to buy something. Which characteristic of the situation is influencing Teresa and others' behavior?

temporal perspective

Sharon has to purchase a gift for her mother and only has this afternoon to do so because her birthday party is that evening. She's wondering how she will be able get to the mall in time to pick out the perfect gift. This is an illustration of which situation characteristic?

temporal perspective

Which of the following is a situation characteristic?

temporal perspective

Which situational characteristic deals with the effect of time on consumer behavior?

temporal perspective

A completely nominal decision does not even include consideration of _____.

the "do not purchase" alternative

Which of the following drives problem recognition?

the consumer's perception of the actual state

John is a salesman and gave one of his customers an expensive watch. Which of the following is the most likely reason John gave this gift?

to elicit a return favor

When orange juice attempted to expand the various times of day when consumers would see orange juice as an appropriate beverage to consume, they were trying to influence which situation?

usage

With respect to the typology of service environments, a bank would be categorized as _____.

utilitarian

One study found that wedding gifts tend to be _____ while birthday gifts tend to be _____.

utilitarian; fun

James likes to eat a strawberry Pop-Tart for breakfast before school. After about two weeks of this, he starts to get bored with that and switches to waffles. James is displaying which type of behavior?

variety-seeking