test 4 (ch. 12)

Josiah thinks that men with blue eyes are more creative than other men. Whenever Josiah encounters a man who has blue eyes and is creative, he places greater importance on this evidence supporting his already existing belief. At the same time, Josiah ignores any evidence that men without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a ________.

confirmation bias

Ron gets an F on his Human Anatomy exam. He goes home and gets into an argument with his girlfriend Amber. Ron thinks Amber is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Ron is making a ________.

fundamental attribution error

In the field of Social psychology, both interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior is studied. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior?

group processes

One of the following makes it more likely that a child will be bullied

Children who are different from others are more likely to be bullied.

Social exchange is people's desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits. What should be changed to make the above sentence true?

The phrase social exchange should be replaced by the word altruism.

Hostile aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain. What should be changed to make the above sentence true?

The word hostile should be changed to the word instrumental.

Theresa is a(n) ________ because she thinks people over age 65 should have their driver's license suspended, the elderly use up too many social resources, and they have jobs that should belong to younger, more capable people.

ageist

The attack on Kitty Genovese demonstrated__________.

bystander effect

Jill and Thomas share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel physical attraction. Their love is called ________.

companionate

Prejudice and discrimination against individuals based solely on their same-sex orientation is called______.

homophobia

The Environmental Protection Agency is seen as competent and people believe they know correct information regarding what individuals should do to protect the environment, so they possess ________ social influence when it comes to enforcing a group norm of recycling.

informational

Maria gets an acting job on Friday that she attributes to her good acting. She doesn't get the next acting job; therefore, she blames the casting director for not wanting to hire a woman. This is an example of ________.

self-serving bias

________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light following an outcome.

self-serving bias

Greg thinks that women shouldn't work outside the home and promises never to hire a woman at his bank. Greg's attitudes and planned course of action are ________.

sexist

Doug takes a ________ view of Tim. Doug thinks that Tim is rude to him because he had to seat him in a noisy, crowded area of the restaurant

situationist

a social role is

socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

______is an example of a self-serving bias.

Eduardo attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is a hard working student who is also smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his Human Anatomy class on having an indifferent teacher who gave hard exams.

______is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion.

Getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

The just-world hypothesis is______.

an ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve

We expect to share thoughts, feelings, and ideas in a mutual exchange called ________ when it comes to relationships.

reciprocity

_______is (are) the best example of central route persuasion?

Anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

Juanita is a juror in a murder trial. She believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear she is the only one that thinks this way. Juanita votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what she sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.

Asch

The following statement about Sternberg's triangular theory of love is incorrect.

Different aspects of love are hierarchical. For example, companionate love is much better and longer lasting than consummate love.

The main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study is____.

Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

The social psychology professor at Yale who designed an obedience study in order to test the defense of "I was just following orders" which was typically used by accused Nazis was_______.

Milgram

One of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory.

People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love.

The main point of the quizmaster study was______.

People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

Social psychology is ____________. The following statement is the best answer for the above.

People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations

The following statement about Sternberg's triangular theory of love is most accurate.

There are three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment.

according to the frustration aggression theory, the following is likely to occur when Timmy gets frustrated with his toilet training

Timmy bites his mother

______best exemplifies prosocial behavior.

Tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries.

William says that actors make good spokespeople for cars because they are above average in attractiveness, which approach is William using to explain attitude change?

Yale attitude change

The Stanford prison experiment was conducted by_________.

Zimbardo

The major flaw in the Stanford prison experiment was______.

Zimbardo did not use a control group.

Stanley Milgram was_________.

a social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of I was just following orders typically used by accused Nazis

an ______ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative

attitude

Laine knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Laine feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________.

cognitive dissonance

The Milgram experiment required the participation of a(n) ________ to play the part of the person being shocked because the experiment would be invalidated if the participant realized the electric shock treatment was faked.

confederate

Jenna and Chelsea share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other, and agree to support each other. Their love is called ________.

consummate

Ricardo is walking down a street in Houston. A child has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to him that he should help. Ricardo thinks someone else is about to help her and keeps walking. This is an example of ________.

diffusion of responsibility

Our behavior is determined by internal factors according to_________.

dispositionism

Social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________.

emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

Michael and Susan have commited to support each other, but they have no physical passion and do not share their thoughts and feelings. Their love is called ________.

empty

________is modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus.

groupthink

according to the discussion in the textbook, one of the following would reduce prejudice between groups

having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task

Joey wants a cookie. Molly has a cookie. Joey pushes Molly and takes her cookie. Joey doesn't intend to hurt Molly, Joey just wants the cookie. This is an example of ________.

instrumental aggression

Which hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve?

just-world

The household chores are shared as equally between Nina and Josiah. They take turns with the cooking and driving their daughter to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has ________.

reciprocity

SueAnn generalizes that all men are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, SueAnn may be applying ________, which are negative beliefs about individuals based only on their membership in a group.

stereotypes

Felipe does poorly on his psychology final, so he makes fun of his mom's cooking. A frustration aggression theorist might explain this by focusing on ________

the way Felipe's frustration with his exam led his to be aggressive toward his mom