test 7-8 agricultural science
representation of the pH concept
the convention for representing the pH concept and scale requires that the "p" in the pH scale to be lower case at all times and the "H" to be uppercase
soil
is a mixture of pieces of weathered rock, minerals, decayed organics, water and air
types of soil erosion
1. gully erosion 2. sheet erosion
factors that influence the rate of soil erosion
1. intensity of precipitation 2. slope of the land 3. rate of runoff 4. wind velocity 5. chemical composition of the soil 6. type of surface cover 7. practice size distribution of the soil
The effects of soil erosion
1. loss of valuable land 2. depletion of soil nutrients 3. deposition of soil at "unwanted locations" 4. reduces water quality of streams and lakes 5. tends to reduce crop yields 6. increases the overall cost of river traffic 7. increases the overall cost of drinking water treatment 8. has a negative impact on the fish population 9. reduces the recreational value of surface water bodies
strategies for the control of soil erosion
1. plant cover crops 2. plant trees 3. use windbreaks 4. leave land fallow 5. use of controlled irrigation 6. use of contour farming 7. practice crop rotation 8. build retaining walls 9. practice shifting cultivation 10. use of terraces 11. practice no till farming 12. use of set back distance
applications of the pH concept in agriculture and related fields
1. soil conditioning 2. fermentation process 3. drinking water treatment 4. processing of fruit juices 5. control of fish ponds 6. treatment of waste water 7. management of swimming pools 8. home canning of vegtables
soil formation
1. time 2. climate 3. slope of the land 4. plants and animals 5. parent rock material
scale
7 is neutral 1 is acidic 14 is alkalinity
pH concept
a scale for measuring the acidity or alkalinity of a substance
soil erosion
the movement of soil from one place to another by a natural agent such as, rain, snow, wind, sleet, ice, and so forth
gully erosion
type of erosion that produces gullies, ditches, stream channels, and similar features on the landscape
sheet erosion
type of soil erosion where the eroding agent shaves off and even sheet of soil from the whole area