TEST BANK CH1

Factual 46) Comorbidity means A) that a disorder is often fatal. B) that a person has two or more disorders. C) that a person has a more severe form of a disorder. D) that a person is unlikely to recover from the disorder.

B Diff: 2 Topic: Prevalence and Incidence

Factual 33) What does it mean if a disorder is said to be highly prevalent? A) It is common. B) It is not curable. C) It is treatable. D) It is contagious.

A Diff: 1 Topic: Abnormal Psychology/An Overview

Conceptual 77) What is the most important limitation of correlational studies? A) They cannot determine cause and effect. B) They are very subject to bias. C) They rarely have representative samples. D) They are very difficult to do.

A Diff: 1 Topic: Observational Research Designs

Factual 34) What type of prevalence estimate tends to be lowest? A) point prevalence B) one-year prevalence C) lifetime prevalence D) virtual prevalence

A Diff: 1 Topic: Prevalence and Incidence

Factual 43) What is the most prevalent kind of psychological disorder? A) anxiety disorders B) depressive disorders C) substance abuse disorders D) dissociative disorders

A Diff: 1 Topic: Prevalence and Incidence

Applied 94) In a study of the effects of ice cream on mood, the mood after ice cream exposure can be described as what? A) the dependent variable B) the independent variable C) a correlational variable D) a confounding variable

A Diff: 1 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Experimental Strategies

Conceptual 65) Upon deciding to study individuals with a given disorder, what is the next step that should be taken? A) Select criteria for identifying individuals with the disorder. B) Determine what treatment approach will be tested. C) Establish which subjects will be the control group and which will be in the experimental group. D) Gather survey data to determine where your subjects are most likely to reside.

A Diff: 1 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Sampling and Generalization

Applied 61) Carl is asked to provide information about his drinking. Despite the fact that he has had several arrests for driving will intoxicated, Carl reports that he has no problems with drinking. This is an example of A) the problems with self-report data. B) the problems with case studies. C) the problems of diagnosis. D) the problems of forming hypotheses.

A Diff: 1 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Sources of Information

Conceptual 29) Why is it important to know how many people have diagnoseable mental illnesses? A) Such information is needed to plan for the provision of adequate services. B) The number of people with mental illness and the level of crime are highly correlated. C) If the incidence of mental illness is rising there needs to be a corresponding increase in the level of funding for medical research. D) Pharmaceutical companies need such information to ensure the appropriate level of drug production.

A Diff: 1 Topic: The Extent of Abnormal Behaviour

Factual 35) ________ rates may be reported in terms of the lifetime risk of contracting a particular disorder. A) Prevalence B) Point prevalence C) Point incidence D) Incidence

A Diff: 1 Topic: The Extent of Abnormal Behaviour

Factual 54) Which of the following mental health professionals has a doctoral degree in psychology with both research and clinical skill specialization? A) the clinical psychologist B) the occupational therapist C) the psychoanalyst D) the psychiatrist

A Diff: 1 Topic: The Mental Health "Team"

Conceptual 7) What is a reason for classifying mental disorders? A) A classification system allows information to be organized. B) Then professionals won't need to look at as much information about a person. C) Then professionals can make assumptions about people based on their diagnosis. D) The diagnosis then often has an effect on peoples' behaviours.

A Diff: 1 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Applied 37) What type of prevalence data only counts active cases of a disorder? A) point prevalence B) one-year prevalence C) lifetime prevalence D) All prevalence data count both those who have the disorder and those who have recovered.

A Diff: 2 Topic: Prevalence and Incidence

Factual 42) According to the Canadian Community Health Survey, which is the most prevalent category of DSM-IV Disorder in Canada? A) mood disorders B) anxiety disorders C) substance use disorders D) psychotic disorders

A Diff: 2 Topic: Prevalence and Incidence

Factual 48) Most mental health treatment A) occurs in an outpatient setting. B) requires an overnight stay. C) does not involve professionals. D) occurs in psychiatric hospitals.

A Diff: 2 Topic: Treatments and Outcomes

Factual 51) What percentage of young Canadians with a mental health issue actually seeks help? A) 25% B) 50% C) 70% D) 100%

A Diff: 2 Topic: Treatments and Outcomes

Conceptual 89) A researcher who studies children who are home-schooled and compares them to children who attend school is using the ________ research method. A) correlational B) epidemiological C) case study D) experimental

A Diff: 3 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Experimental Strategies

Conceptual 84) What type of research design begins with the identification of individuals who are likely to develop a particular disorder? A) correlational B) experimental C) prospective D) retrospective

C Diff: 1 Topic: Research/Abnormal Psychology Retrospective/Prospective

Conceptual 3) What do the cases of Monique and Donald best illustrate? A) Abnormal behaviour usually produces more distress in others than the person who engages in the abnormal behaviour. B) Abnormal behaviour covers a wide range of behavioural disturbances. C) Most people who suffer from abnormal behaviour are quickly identified as deviant by other people. D) When people suffer from mental disorders they are unable to work or live independently.

B Diff: 1 Topic: Abnormal Psychology/An Overview

Factual 8) ________ is a necessary first step toward introducing order to any discussion of the cause or treatment of abnormal behaviour. A) Epidemiology B) Classification C) Brain research D) Labeling

B Diff: 1 Topic: Classifying Abnormal Behaviour

Applied 72) In Dr. Lu's study of eating disorders, she looked at the academic histories of girls with an eating disorder and girls who did not have such problem. In this example, the girls without eating disorders are the ________ group. A) conforming B) control C) criterion D) treatment

B Diff: 1 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Criterion and Control Group

Factual 93) In a study of the effects of ice cream on mood, the ice cream can be described as what? A) the dependent variable B) the independent variable C) a correlational variable D) a confounding variable

B Diff: 1 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Experimental Strategies

Factual 63) One strength of case studies is A) they can help prove causal relationships between variables. B) they can generate hypotheses. C) they do not involve bias. D) they are usually highly accurate.

B Diff: 1 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Forming Hypotheses

Applied 62) ________ are more or less plausible ideas used to explain something (e.g., a behaviour) and can be tested using research methods. A) Observations B) Hypotheses C) Variables D) Correlations

B Diff: 1 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Observation of Behaviour

Conceptual 59) Which of the following typically involves the use of trained observers? A) case study method B) direct observation C) self report data collection D) psychophysiological data collection

B Diff: 1 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Observation of Behaviour

Conceptual 75) What is a good control group for a research study on people with eating disorders? A) People who have an eating disorder and a wide range of educational backgrounds. B) A group that is comparable to those with eating disorders except they eat normally. C) A group that is drawn from the sample of people with eating disorders. D) People who used to have eating disorders but no longer say they do.

B Diff: 1 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Sampling and Generalization

Factual 66) Ideally, a sample is described as what? A) random B) representative C) generalizable D) demographically pure

B Diff: 1 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Sampling and Generalization

Factual 55) Which of the following mental health professionals has a medical degree? A) the clinical psychologist B) the psychiatrist C) the counseling psychologist D) the occupational therapist

B Diff: 1 Topic: The Mental Health "Team"

Applied 20) A group of symptoms that co-occur, such as despair, low self-esteem, and hopelessness, is called a A) disorder. B) syndrome. C) dysfunction. D) diagnostic category.

B Diff: 1 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Conceptual 14) What does DSM stand for? A) Disorders, Science, and Mental Illness B) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders C) Descriptors for the Science of Mental Illness D) Diagnostic Science of Mental Disorders

B Diff: 1 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Conceptual 28) Maria believes that her dead grandmother occasionally speaks to her. In deciding if Maria has a mental illness or not, which of the following is important? A) How old Maria is? B) Is Maria's belief consistent with the beliefs of her culture? C) Do people in general consider Maria's belief abnormal? D) Does her belief match any of the symptoms in the disorders in the DSM?

B Diff: 1 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Conceptual 9) Which of the following is a disadvantage of having a classification system for mental disorders? A) A classification system establishes the types of problems that mental professionals can treat. B) When a label is used to describe an individual's behaviour information is lost. C) A classification system allows for research to advance. D) Identifying the disorder that an individual has guides treatment.

B Diff: 1 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Factual 21) A racing heart, clammy skin, and nervousness are all indications of anxiety. Together they comprise a A) disorder. B) syndrome. C) diagnostic prototype. D) symptom.

B Diff: 1 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Factual 15) Which of the following is included in the DSM? A) a discussion of the various causes of mental disorders B) a means of identifying different mental disorders C) a description of the necessary and sufficient conditions for mental illness D) a description of all of the possible treatments for each disorder

B Diff: 1 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Factual 24) Which of the following best describes the DSM? A) a complete guide to the origin, diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders B) a work in progress that classifies mental disorders based on what is currently known C) a fundamentally flawed collection of unfounded assumptions about mental disorders D) an objective guide to diagnosing mental disorders

B Diff: 2 Topic: Classifying Abnormal Behaviour

Conceptual 45) What can be said about individuals who have a history of at least one psychological disorder? A) Most are effectively treated and never experience mental illness again. B) Over 50% have at least two or more other disorders. C) Few have a comorbid disorder. D) Individuals who have sought treatment for one illness are unlikely to ever experience another.

B Diff: 2 Topic: Prevalence and Incidence

Applied 85) Dr. Luigi has discovered that the more spaghetti people eat, the less likely they are to be diagnosed with depression. Based on this finding, what statement can be made about the relationship between spaghetti and depression? A) There is a positive correlation between spaghetti and depression. B) There is a negative correlation between spaghetti and depression. C) Spaghetti prevents depression. D) Italians are happy.

B Diff: 2 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Correlation and Causation

Factual 100) Which of the following is an example of an analogue study? A) Families with a history of schizophrenia are compared to families with no family history of mental illness. B) Rats prenatally exposed to alcohol are studied to further our understanding of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. C) Blood is taken from a group of individuals with panic disorder both before and after viewing a disturbing film. D) Survey data is examined to determine the prevalence of mental illness.

B Diff: 2 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Experimental Strategies

Factual 64) An important FIRST step in studying a particular disorder is A) selecting the best case study for analysis. B) determining the criteria for identifying people who have the disorder. C) deciding upon the appropriate statistical analyses to use on the data to be collected. D) selecting the appropriate subjects for study.

B Diff: 2 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Sampling and Generalization

Applied 90) In most prospective studies, A) large samples of individuals are interviewed to see if there are any risk factors that differentiate those with the disorder of interest. B) children who share a risk factor for a disorder are studied before signs of the disorder show up. C) analogue research is used because of the ethical problems with other experimental research. D) a representative sample of a general population of adults is used.

B Diff: 2 Topic: Research/Abnormal Psychology Retrospective/Prospective

Factual 91) Several studies have found that there is a correlation in children between amount of television watched and weight. What is one of the problems with using this finding to report that watching lots of television makes children obese? A) The data might be inaccurate. B) It is just as possible that being obese causes children to watch more television. C) There wasn't a control group that watched no television. D) The sample was probably not representative.

B Diff: 2 Topic: Retrospective vs. Prospective Strategies

Applied 38) The mayor of a city wants to know the number of new cases of a disorder over the past year. The mayor should ask an epidemiologist for the ________ of the disorder. A) prevalence rate B) incidence rate C) point prevalence D) acute occurrence

B Diff: 2 Topic: The Extent of Abnormal Behaviour

Factual 47) A major finding from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) was that A) those people who have three or more comorbid disorders have one or more mild and transitory disorders. B) over half of the people with a history of one disorder had two or more comorbid disorders. C) people who have one mental disorder are unlikely to have a second comorbid disorder. D) as people grow older they are more likely to have multiple severe disorders.

B Diff: 2 Topic: The Extent of Abnormal Behaviour

Applied 49) Which is not identified by your textbook as barrier to seeking treatment for Canadians? A) difficulty accessing mental health services B) obesity C) people's attitudes towards seeking help D) immigrant status

B Diff: 2 Topic: Treatments and Outcomes

Factual 52) New immigrants to Canada tend to A) overutilize mental health services. B) underutilize mental health services. C) abuse mental health services. D) it is unclear; there is no good data to support a conclusion either way.

B Diff: 2 Topic: Treatments and Outcomes

Conceptual 4) What makes defining abnormality difficult? A) There are so many types of abnormal behaviour that they can't be accurately described. B) There is not a clear dividing line that serves to distinguish different behaviour from that which is abnormal. C) Most of us are abnormal much of the time. D) Criteria for abnormality have yet to be developed.

B Diff: 2 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Factual 17) According to the DSM-IV's definition of mental disorder, impairment in one or more areas of functioning (disability) A) must be present in order to make a diagnosis. B) may be present but is not a necessary condition for making a diagnosis. C) is one of the less important features of a mental disorder. D) must be present for at least six months to be considered a true disability.

B Diff: 2 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Applied 19) Brett persistently injects himself with pain killers. This has greatly increased his chance of overdosing and dying. His behaviour harms no one else. According to the DSM, is Brett's behaviour consistent with the definition of a mental disorder? A) Yes, because very few people in society engage in this behaviour. B) Yes, because he is persistently acting in a way that harms him. C) No, because his behaviour must also harm the well-being of others in the community. D) No, because there is no evidence that his actions are out of his own control.

B Diff: 3 Topic: Abnormal Behaviour Mental Disorder as Maladaptive Behaviour

Applied 39) What type of prevalence estimate tends to be highest? A) point prevalence B) one-year prevalence C) lifetime prevalence D) virtual prevalence

C Diff: 1 Topic: Prevalence and Incidence

Factual 40) What term refers to the number of new cases of a disorder that occur over a given time period? A) point prevalence B) one-year prevalence C) incidence D) valence

C Diff: 1 Topic: Prevalence and Incidence

Applied 71) In Dr. Lu's study of eating disorders, she looked at the academic histories of girls with an eating disorder and girls who did not have such problem. In this example, the girls with eating disorders are the ________ group. A) comparison B) control C) criterion D) treatment

C Diff: 1 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Criterion and Control Group

Factual 12) Stereotyping is an example of the stigma of mental illness. It means A) people are reluctant to discuss their psychological problems because they are afraid others won't like them. B) people feel very sad and upset when they find out they have a mental illness. C) the automatic and often incorrect beliefs people have about people with mental illness. D) the problem of removing the diagnosis, even if people make a full recovery from mental illness.

C Diff: 1 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Factual 23) According to the DSM, when is deviant behaviour viewed as indicative of a mental disorder? A) always B) only when the behaviour is inconsistent with cultural norms C) when it is a symptom of a dysfunction in the individual D) never

C Diff: 1 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

1) Which of the following is an example of family aggregation? A) Both Jane and her husband are alcoholic. B) Jim and John, 21-year-old twins, are both schizophrenic. C) Karen, her mother, and her grandmother all have been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. D) Kim's suicide was apparently a reaction to her mother's abuse.

C Diff: 2 Topic: Abnormal Psychology/An Overview

Conceptual 10) Which of the following statements is true concerning classification systems for mental disorders? A) It is far more important that they be reliable than it is for them to be valid. B) Classification systems make it more difficult to gather statistics on the incidence and prevalence of disorders. C) Classification systems meet the needs of medical insurance companies who need diagnoses in order to authorize payment of claims. D) Although they assist scientists who are researching disorders, they inhibit our ability to communicate about abnormal behaviour in a precise way.

C Diff: 2 Topic: Classifying Abnormal Behaviour

Factual 36) Which of the following is an example of point prevalence? A) Forty people had a panic attack in the last year. B) Seventy people in her graduating class had been diagnosed with anorexia at some time during the past four years. C) 1% of the population is currently experiencing depressive symptoms. D) 15% of women will suffer from an anxiety disorder before the age of thirty.

C Diff: 2 Topic: Prevalence and Incidence

Factual 44) What is important to remember about the apparent high lifetime rate of mental disorders? A) Many people were probably misdiagnosed. B) So many people have disorders and have them seriously that this has become a major health issue. C) Many people with disorders are not seriously affected by them or may have them for only a short time. D) A large majority of people with disorders seek treatment, so the problem is not as bad as it seems.

C Diff: 2 Topic: Prevalence and Incidence

Factual 87) A significant positive correlation is found between variables x and y. Which of the following may be safely inferred? A) x causes y B) y causes x C) as x increases, y increases D) as x increases, y decreases

C Diff: 2 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Correlation and Causation

Applied 95) Which of the following would most likely be explored with an experiment? A) the possible causes of schizophrenia B) the effect of the home environment on relapse to drug use C) the effectiveness of a new treatment for depression D) the relationships between early childhood trauma and substance abuse

C Diff: 2 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Experimental Strategies

Applied 98) What is the value of using an ABAB design? A) It permits the study of the effects of multiple forms of treatment on a single subject. B) Subjects can be selected randomly. C) The effects of a single form of treatment are studied twice in the same subject. D) Generalizability is ensured.

C Diff: 2 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Experimental Strategies

Conceptual 97) Fred refuses to speak at school, although he speaks normally at home. His therapist plans out a treatment where Fred is given a gold star every time he answers his teacher, and can then trade in his stars for prizes. Fred begins speaking in class. The therapist then tells the teacher to stop the program for a couple of weeks. Fred stopped talking during that time. The teacher then starting giving Fred stars again, and Fred again began to talk. This is an example of A) a case study. B) a correlational study. C) an ABAB experimental design study. D) a self-report study.

C Diff: 2 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Experimental Strategies

Factual 68) Dr. Katz is researching the causes of phobias. He puts an ad in a newspaper asking for people who have an intense, distressing fear of snakes to come and participate in his study. The major problem with this is A) the people who come may not have a phobia. B) his sample will be too small. C) he is not getting a representative sample. D) he doesn't know if people are telling the truth about their fears or not.

C Diff: 2 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Sampling and Generalization

Factual 74) To determine whether certain characteristics are true of people in general, and not just of people with mental disorders, it is important to use A) an experimental design. B) a representative sample of individuals with the disorder. C) a control group. D) a criterion group.

C Diff: 2 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Sampling and Generalization

Factual 80) A researcher says, "These studies make it too easy for investigators to find the background factors they expect to find. However, they are more valid if we find documents like school reports that show the background factor before the disorder emerges." What kind of research strategy is the researcher referring to? A) prospective strategies B) N=1 strategies C) retrospective strategies D) analogue studies

C Diff: 2 Topic: Research/Abnormal Psychology Retrospective/Prospective

Factual 32) Mental health epidemiology is A) the study of epidemics in mental disorders among the general population. B) the study of organic brain diseases among different ethnic populations of a defined geographic region. C) the study of the distribution of mental disorders in a given population. D) a sociological study of psychological disorders.

C Diff: 2 Topic: The Extent of Abnormal Behaviour

Factual 56) Describing a disorder as acute means that A) it causes very severe distress and impairment. B) it causes very mild distress and impairment. C) it is a very long-lasting disorder. D) is is a disorder that is short in duration.

D Diff: 2 Topic: The Nature of Disorders

Factual 53) The trend toward deinstitutionalization in recent years means that A) inpatient hospitalization in public institutions has increased. B) people with psychological problems more often receive inpatient treatment than outpatient treatment. C) many people who need professional help do not receive any help at all. D) the number of community services has skyrocketed.

C Diff: 2 Topic: The Extent of Abnormal Behaviour

Factual 30) How should information about the frequency of mental disorders in different groups of people be used? A) Such information can greatly simplify the process of diagnosis as it can be assumed that certain people have certain disorders. B) Such information can greatly simplify the process of diagnosis as it can be assumed that certain people are highly unlikely to have certain disorders. C) Information about the incidence of disorders amongst certain groups of people may provide information as to what causes a particular disorder. D) There is no use for or value in such dangerous stereotyping.

C Diff: 2 Topic: The Extent of Abnormal Behaviour

Factual 50) Most people with psychological disorders A) seek treatment as soon as they realize there is a problem. B) recover only if they seek treatment. C) delay seeking treatment, sometimes for many years. D) exaggerate their symptoms so it takes longer for them to recover.

C Diff: 2 Topic: Treatments and Outcomes

Applied 22) Jerome Wakefield's definition of "mental disorder" has three components. They are: A) statistical rarity, distress to others in society, and unexpected behaviour. B) distress, dangerousness, and mental dysfunction. C) distress or disability, unexpected response to events, and mental dysfunction. D) biological deficit or dysfunction, social condemnation, and statistical rarity.

C Diff: 2 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Conceptual 18) The Solarists are a cult whose members believe that they control the movements of the sun with special hand gestures. What would the DSM-IV say about this group? A) The group suffers from Shared Delusion Psychosis. B) Because a group of persons share a belief, however strange, the group must be considered emotionally healthy. C) While some of this group's individual members may meet criteria for a DSM-IV diagnosis, the DSM-IV does not diagnose groups. D) The group is diagnoseable because they are a cult.

C Diff: 2 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Conceptual 99) A psychologist wishes to test the hypothesis that the experience of chronic physical pain can cause clinical depression, but the Ethics Committee of his university won't allow him to conduct a study in which he inflicts pain on the subjects. What kind of research design might best allow the psychologist to test this hypothesis while circumventing the committee's objection? A) experimental B) prospective C) analogue D) longitudinal

C Diff: 3 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Experimental Strategies

Factual 60) A psychologist reports a single case of a disorder, detailing the person's feelings and responses. This research strategy is A) very strong and widely used in abnormal psychology. B) rarely used in abnormal psychology because few people are willing to examine their own lives closely. C) weak because it rarely provides information we can generalize to others with the disorder. D) weak because it confuses correlational data with experimental data.

C Diff: 3 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Sampling and Generalization

Conceptual 25) What do the textbook authors identify as the most problematic element of Wakefield's definition of mental disorder? A) He describes mental disorders as mental conditions. B) The role of biology is not recognized. C) We have yet to discover the dysfunction that underlies most mental disorders. D) Most mental disorders do not cause distress.

C Diff: 3 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Applied 2) What do the cases of Monique and Donald best illustrate? A) Most individuals with mental disorders are violent. B) Women are more likely to commit suicide than men. C) Most individuals who experience a mental breakdown are clearly unwell long before treatment is sought. D) Mental illness can have a significant impact on one's life.

D Diff: 1 Topic: Abnormal Psychology/An Overview

Applied 73) In what significant way do observational (correlational) research designs differ from experimental research designs? A) Observational research does not require the selection of a sample to study. B) Observational research does not generate hypotheses. C) There is no comparison group in observational research. D) There is no manipulation of variables in observational research.

D Diff: 1 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Experimental Strategies

Applied 92) Which variable is manipulated in an experiment? A) comparison B) criterion C) dependent D) independent

D Diff: 1 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Experimental Strategies

Conceptual 88) A researcher who provides a certain treatment for one group and withholds treatment from a completely comparable group is using the ________ research method. A) correlational B) epidemiological C) case study D) experimental

D Diff: 1 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Experimental Strategies

Factual 67) Why is a representative sample desirable? A) Such samples are random. B) Hypotheses can only be tested on representative samples. C) Only representative samples yield meaningful results. D) The more representative a sample is, the more generalizable the data.

D Diff: 1 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Sampling and Generalization

Conceptual 79) What research approach require subjects to recall the past? A) reconstructive B) repressed C) retroactive D) retrospective

D Diff: 1 Topic: Research/Abnormal Psychology Retrospective/Prospective

Conceptual 31) What is epidemiology? A) the exploration of what forms of treatment are most effective B) a form of psychotherapy C) the study of the role of genes in mental illness D) the study of the distribution of a disorder in a population

D Diff: 1 Topic: The Extent of Abnormal Behaviour

Applied 16) In North America, the standard for defining types of mental disorders is contained in the A) American Psychological Association's bylaws. B) American Psychiatric Association's bylaws. C) World Health Organization's classification code. D) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

D Diff: 1 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Conceptual 11) All of the following are disadvantages of classifying and diagnosing mental disorders EXCEPT A) stereotyping. B) labeling. C) the potential stigma. D) providing structure.

D Diff: 1 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Factual 27) Practically speaking, "abnormal" behaviour means A) any behaviour that is "away from the normal" and causes distress. B) any behaviour that causes the person distress. C) any behaviour that causes us to consider our values. D) unusual behaviours that are not consistent with the norms of the society in which they are displayed.

D Diff: 1 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Applied 76) Why are correlational (observational) research designs often used in abnormal psychology? A) They are best at determining cause and effect. B) They are the most useful for comparing groups. C) They give in-depth descriptions of the disorder being studied. D) It is often unethical or impossible to directly manipulate the variables involved in abnormal psychology.

D Diff: 2 Topic: Observational Research Designs

Factual 41) Why is it believed that the surveys used to estimate the prevalence of mental illness underestimate that prevalence? A) Most problems are acute. B) Few people report symptoms of mental illness when completing surveys. C) The incidence of comorbidity is too high. D) Measures of several types of disorders were not included.

D Diff: 2 Topic: Prevalence and Incidence

Conceptual 58) Why is it dangerous to make conclusions based on case studies? A) Case studies can provide little information about a disorder. B) Few patients are willing to be used as case studies. C) It is unethical. D) Conclusions based on so little data are likely to be flawed.

D Diff: 2 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Clinical Case Studies

Applied 86) It has been demonstrated that those who were prenatally exposed to the influenza virus are more likely to develop schizophrenia. In other words, prenatal exposure to the influenza virus is ________ correlated with developing schizophrenia. A) not B) randomly C) negatively D) positively

D Diff: 2 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Correlation and Causation

Conceptual 81) Which of the following may be safely inferred when a significant negative correlation is found between variables x and y? A) x causes y B) y causes x C) as x increases, y increases D) as x increases, y decreases

D Diff: 2 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Correlation and Causation

Factual 78) Researchers have observed that women who wear bras for more than 16 hours a day are more likely to develop breast cancer than those who spend less time in a bra. In other words, there is a correlation between wearing a bra and breast cancer. Based on this finding, which of the following statements is true? A) Wearing a bra causes cancer. B) All women should avoid wearing a bra for more than 16 hours a day. C) There is no relationship between wearing a bra and breast cancer; these data are clearly flawed. D) Some additional variable may serve to explain the relationship observed between wearing a bra and developing cancer.

D Diff: 2 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Correlation and Causation

Conceptual 96) Which of the following is an example of an ABAB design? A) Half of the subjects receive one treatment and the other half are not treated. B) All subjects received one of two treatments. C) A subject is observed and treated. D) A subject is observed both before and after two exposures to the treatment.

D Diff: 2 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Experimental Strategies

Applied 69) Why would a researcher want to insure that every person in the larger group of study has an equal chance of being included in the sample? A) This helps eliminate a correlational relationship. B) It increases the chances of finding a causal relationship. C) It provides important epidemiological information such as the prevalence and incidence of the disorder. D) It increases the researcher's ability to generalize findings to the larger group.

D Diff: 2 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Sampling and Generalization

Conceptual 82) Dr. Gordon finds that heroin-addicted adults almost always smoked cigarettes and drank alcohol when they were young adolescents. Knowing this strong association we can conclude that A) cigarette smoking causes drinking which causes heroin addiction. B) if cigarette smoking and drinking could be stopped in adolescence, heroin addiction would be stopped too. C) heroin addiction is caused by the same factors that cause early smoking and drinking. D) there is an association among the variables, but no causal inferences should be drawn.

D Diff: 2 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Sampling and Generalization

Factual 57) Why is it important to have some understanding of what causes a psychological disorder? A) A disorder can not be identified unless there is an understanding of where it came from. B) All recognized disorders have known causes. C) Biological treatments only work when a disorder has a biological cause. D) The selection of a treatment approach is largely determined by assumptions about causality.

D Diff: 2 Topic: Treatments and Outcomes

Conceptual 26) What is a culture-specific disorder? A) a disorder seen in all cultures B) a disorder that is seen universally, but presents itself differently depending on cultural factors C) a disorder that is a product of cultural stressors D) a disorder seen only in certain cultures

D Diff: 2 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Factual 13) What is wrong with describing someone as being "schizophrenic"? A) Nothing. B) Such a definitive diagnosis is rare. C) The behaviour of the schizophrenic changes so rapidly that this is only true a small percentage of the time. D) Labels should be applied to disorders, not to people.

D Diff: 2 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Factual 6) The fact that body piercings are commonplace today while they would once have been viewed as abnormal illustrates that A) modern society is always open to change. B) what is acceptable for men and women is no longer different. C) American culture values independence. D) the values of a society may change over time.

D Diff: 2 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Factual 5) Which of the following is a sufficient element to determine abnormality? A) suffering B) maladaptiveness C) deviancy D) there is no sufficient element

D Diff: 2 Topic: What Do We Mean by Abnormal Behaviour?

Applied 83) Individuals who have alcohol problems tend to come from families with other individuals who have alcohol problems. This would suggest that A) genetic factors cause an individual to have alcohol problems. B) environmental factors cause an individual to have alcohol problems. C) both genetic and environmental factors cause an individual to have problems. D) although there is an association, no cause-effect relationship can be concluded.

D Diff: 3 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Correlation and Causation

Conceptual 70) A researcher interested in the health problems of people with schizophrenia interviews only those people diagnosed with the disorder who are in an inpatient facility. The most glaring weakness in this study is A) the absence of correlational statistics. B) the failure to use DSM-IV criteria for health problems. C) having an inappropriate control group. D) nonrepresentative sampling.

D Diff: 3 Topic: Research in Abnormal Psychology/Sampling and Generalization