Test Bank Exam 2 questions
Which is instituted for the therapeutic management of minimal change nephrotic syndrome?
Corticosteroids
Which pathogen is the viral pathogen that frequently causes acute diarrhea in young children?
Rotavirus
Which is included in the diet of a child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome?
Salt restriction
The mother of a 1-month-old infant tells the nurse she worries that her baby will get meningitis like her oldest son did when he was an infant. The nurse should base her response on which statement?
Vaccination to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis has decreased the frequency of this disease in children.
A preschool child is being admitted to the hospital with dehydration and a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which urinalysis result should the nurse expect with these conditions?
WBC >2; specific gravity 1.030
What is invagination of one segment of bowel within another called?
intussusception
Which condition in a child should alert a nurse for increased fluid requirements?
fever
An infant is brought to the emergency department with dehydration. Which physical assessment finding does the nurse expect?
poor skin turgor, weight loss, lethargy, and tachycardia
Parents call the clinic and report that their toddler has had acute diarrhea for 24 hours. The nurse should further ask the parents if the toddler has which associated factor that is causing the acute diarrhea?
Antibiotic therapy
Which is a parasite that causes acute diarrhea?
Giardia lamblia
A child is admitted with acute glomerulonephritis. What should the nurse expect the urinalysis to show during the acute phase?
Hematuria, proteinuria
A school-age child is admitted to the hospital with acute glomerulonephritis and oliguria. Which dietary menu items should be allowed for this child? (Select all that apply.)
-Apples -Carrot sticks -Strawberries
A school-age child has been admitted to the hospital with an exacerbation of nephrotic syndrome. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to assess? (Select all that apply.)
-Facial edema -Fatigue -Frothy-appearing urine
Which assessment findings indicate to the nurse a child has Down syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
-High arched narrow palate -Protruding tongue -Transverse palmar crease
Autism is a complex developmental disorder. The diagnostic criteria for autism include delayed or abnormal functioning in which areas with onset before age 3 years? (Select all that apply.)
-Language as used in social communication -Symbolic or imaginative play -Social interaction
An infant with hydrocephalus is hospitalized for surgical placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Which interventions should be included in the child's postoperative care? (Select all that apply.)
-Observe closely for signs of infection. -Maintain an accurate record of intake and output. -Monitor for abdominal distention.
The nurse is monitoring an infant for signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which are late signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in an infant? (Select all that apply.)
-bradycardia -alteration in pupil size and reactivity -decreased motor response -extension or flexion posturing -Cheyne-Stokes respirations.
The nurse is caring for a neonate with suspected meningitis. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse prepare to assess if meningitis is confirmed? (Select all that apply.)
-bulging anterior fontanel -weak cry -poor muscle tone
The nurse is evaluating the laboratory results on cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) from a 3-year-old child with bacterial meningitis. Which findings confirm bacterial meningitis? (Select all that apply.)
-elevated WBC count -decreased glucose -increased protein content
Which is an objective of care for a 10-year-old child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome?
-reduction of the excretion of urinary protein -reduction of fluid retention -prevention of infection -minimization of complications associated with therapy.
Parents of a child with Down syndrome ask the nurse about techniques for introducing solid food to their 8-month-old child's diet. The nurse should give the parents which priority instruction?
A small but long, straight-handled spoon should be used to push the food toward the back and side of the mouth.
Mark, a 9-year-old with Down syndrome, is mainstreamed into a regular third-grade class for part of the school day. His mother asks the school nurse about programs, such as Cub Scouts, that he might join. The nurse's recommendation should be based on which statement?
Children with Down syndrome have the same need for socialization as other children.
When caring for a newborn with Down syndrome, what should the nurse be aware is the most common congenital anomaly associated with Down syndrome?
Congenital heart disease
Trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and trisomy 21 have which in common?
Diagnosis can be made early, based on physical characteristics.
A nurse is admitting an infant with dehydration caused from water loss in excess of electrolyte loss. Which type of dehydration is this infant experiencing?
Hypertonic
The nurse closely monitors the temperature of a child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. The purpose of this assessment is to detect an early sign of which possible complication?
Infection
A young child is brought to the emergency department with severe dehydration secondary to acute diarrhea and vomiting. What should therapeutic management of this child begin with?
Intravenous (IV) fluids
Which type of dehydration is defined as "dehydration that occurs in conditions in which electrolyte and water deficits are present in approximately balanced proportion"?
Isotonic dehydration
Which drug should the nurse expect to administer to a preschool child who has increased intracranial pressure (ICP) resulting from cerebral edema?
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
A mother calls the clinic nurse about her 4-year-old son who has acute diarrhea. She has been giving him the antidiarrheal drug loperamide (Imodium A-D). The nurse's response should be based on what knowledge about this drug?
Not indicated
What is one of the major physical characteristics of the child with Down syndrome?
Spots on the palms
When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, the nurse should be alert to recognize that which condition or symptom is a sign of perforation?
Sudden relief from pain
Which therapeutic management treatment is implemented for children with Hirschsprung disease?
Surgical removal of affected section of bowel
Many of the physical characteristics of Down syndrome present nursing problems. Care of the child should include which intervention?
Use a cool-mist vaporizer to keep mucous membranes moist.
A 3-year-old child with Hirschsprung disease is hospitalized for surgery. A temporary colostomy will be necessary. The nurse should recognize that preparing this child psychologically is:
necessary because it will be an adjustment.
Which is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for the child with acute glomerulonephritis?
Fluid Volume Excess related to decreased plasma filtration
What is an appropriate nursing intervention when caring for an unconscious child?
Monitor fluid intake and output carefully to avoid fluid overload and cerebral edema
A child is admitted with bacterial gastroenteritis. Which lab results of a stool specimen confirm this diagnosis?
Neutrophils and red blood cells
Enemas are ordered to empty the bowel preoperatively for a child with Hirschsprung disease. What enema solution should be used?
Normal saline
The nurse is caring for a child admitted with acute abdominal pain and possible appendicitis. Which is appropriate to relieve the abdominal discomfort?
Allow to assume position of comfort.
The nurse is explaining to a parent how to care for a school-age child with vomiting associated with a viral illness. Which action should the nurse include?
Brush teeth or rinse mouth after vomiting.
Which clinical manifestations would suggest hydrocephalus in a neonate?
Bulging fontanel and dilated scalp veins
The nurse is taking care of a child who is alert but showing signs of increased intracranial pressure. Which test is contraindicated in this case?
Oculovestibular response
Which clinical manifestation would be the most suggestive of acute appendicitis?
Abdominal pain that is most intense at McBurney point
A child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. The nurse should plan which priority intervention when caring for the child?
Maintain a structured routine and keep stimulation to a minimum.
The nurse is caring for a boy with probable intussusception. He had diarrhea before admission but, while waiting for administration of air pressure to reduce the intussusception, he passes a normal brown stool. Which nursing action is the most appropriate?
Notify practitioner
Which best describes acute glomerulonephritis?
Occurs after a streptococcal infection
Which therapeutic management should the nurse prepare to initiate first for a child with acute diarrhea and moderate dehydration?
Oral rehydration solution (ORS)
Which are clinical manifestations of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in infants? (Select all that apply.)
Diplopia and blurred vision, irritability, and distended scalp veins are signs of increased ICP in infants. Diplopia and blurred vision are indicative of elevated ICP in children.
A newborn assessment shows separated sagittal suture, oblique palpebral fissures, depressed nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and transverse palmar creases. Of what are these findings most suggestive?
Down syndrome
A school-age child with diarrhea has been rehydrated. The nurse is discussing the child's diet with the family. Which statement by the parent would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?
"I should have my child eat a normal diet with easily digested foods for the next 48 hours."
The nurse is teaching the parent about the diet of a child experiencing severe edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching?
"You will need to avoid adding salt to your child's food."
A hospitalized child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome is receiving high doses of prednisone. Which is an appropriate nursing goal related to this?
Prevent infection
The nurse notes that a child has lost 8 pounds after 4 days of hospitalization for acute glomerulonephritis. What is most likely the cause of the weight loss?
Reduction of edema
The nurse is admitting a newborn with hypospadias to the nursery. The nurse expects which finding in this newborn?
The urethral opening is along the ventral surface of the penis.
A mother asks the nurse what would be the first indication that acute glomerulonephritis is improving. What is the nurse's best response?
Urinary output will increase.
The child with Down syndrome should be evaluated for which condition before participating in some sports?
Atlantoaxial instability