Test Prep Quiz 5

After three days of taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Dennis is disappointed because he is not feeling any better. However, it generally may take up to ________ for this type of antidepressant to reach full effect.

4 weeks

Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of:

A positive self-concept

In an eating disorders clinic, the patients receive merits for good eating behaviors such as finishing their meal, not exercising after their meal, and for appropriate behaviors on the unit. This best illustrates an application of:

A token economy

One of the Big Five personality factors is:

Agreeableness

He proposed the social-cognitive perspective.

Bandura

Boris is a prolific painter. However, he is also prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of mania. It is very likely that Boris is suffering from a(n):

Bipolar Disorder

___________ is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania.

Bipolar Disorder

You recognize that self-blaming and overgeneralized explanations of bad events are often an integral part of the vicious cycle of depression. You are most likely a:

Cognitive

Jorge was reprimanded for an accounting error by his boss in front of his coworkers. Jorge gets home from his job and yells at his wife for not having dinner ready. His wife then yells at the children for leaving their toys all over the house. This best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:

Displacement

A therapist who uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods is said to be using a(n) ______________ approach.

Ecletic

During a therapy session, Jenny focuses on several intrusive thoughts that have been bothering her. The therapist tells Jenny to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny's therapist is using a technique known as:

Free Association

Who emphasized the importance of transference in the therapeutic process?

Freud

In a study examining the genetic influences on antisocial personality disorder, Adrian Raine compared the PET scans of murderers' brains to the brains of non-murderers of the same age and sex. Raine reported reduced activity in the murderers' _____________ (a brain area that helps with impulse control).

Frontal Lobes

Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce:

Hallucinations

Of the following individuals, who is most likely to benefit from use of lithium?

Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness, followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitement

Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event. They render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of:

PTSD

_____________ are characterized by inflexible and enduring maladaptive character traits that impair social functioning.

Personality disorders

The _____________ perspective emphasizes the role of repressed childhood conflicts in personality disorders.

Psychoanalytic

Bryce often acts overly confident and daring. Few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:

Reaction Formation

Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This best illustrates:

Reciprocal Determinism

__________ emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development.

Rogers

20-old Brianna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. Brianna seems to be suffering from a:

Social-Anxiety Disorder

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of:

The Medical Model

According to Freud, which part of the personality represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and for future aspirations?

The Superego

A patient recently admitted to the hospital is complaining of auditory hallucinations. She might be treated with:

Thorazine

Your therapist takes an eclectic approach to treat your depression. In this case, he is most likely to use:

a blend of psychotherapies

If a patient suffers uncontrollable seizures, physicians can destroy specific nerve clusters that cause or transmit the convulsions. This best illustrates a procedure known as:

a psychosurgery

Kyle is extremely manipulative. He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to their sufferings as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates:

antisocial-personality disorder

Last week Tate went into the hospital for a painful medical procedure. Amazingly, he did not seem worried beforehand, and he showed no signs of autonomic nervous system arousal. In addition, Tate seems to lack a conscience for wrongdoing. It is very likely that Tate would be diagnosed as having:

antisocial-personality disorder

The most common hallucinations experienced in schizophrenia are:

auditory

There is evidence that behavior is the result of the interplay between external and internal influences; that behavior is the product of biology, social experience, and unconscious thought processes. This evidence suggests that personality should be studied from a:

biopsychosocial approach

Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a:

biopsychosocial model

Last week Becky read that labels can bias perceptions, so she does not support placing diagnostic labels on psychological problems. If you were trying to convince her that these types of labels do have benefits, you might tell her that mental health professionals use labels to:

communicate about their clients. comprehend the underlying causes of psychological problems. choose the most effective course of treatment.

Geneva has an extremely clean dorm room. She keeps no clutter on her desk, she awakens very early to keep up with her schoolwork, and her car is spotless. Given your knowledge of her behavior, which of the following Big Five personality traits does she exhibit MOST?

conscientiousness

Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from:

delusions

Patients receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment with:

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

People with schizophrenia often have disturbed perceptions, such as __________, which are sensory experiences without sensory stimulation.

hallucinations

Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder characterized by signs of depression (e.g., lethargy, feelings of worthlessness, and loss of interest in family, friends, and activities). To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, these signs must:

last for 2 or more weeks

The _____________ perspective emphasizes that personality is the result of interactions between people and their situations. The way one thinks about a situation affects one's behavior.

social-cognitive

The relationship between the season in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ____________ in this disorder.

viral infections