test questions pharm

A nurse is teaching a client about the pharmacotherapeutics of the hormone replacement therapy that the client has been prescribed. What topic should the nurse address?

1. the effect of the drug on the client's body 2. the way that the client's body processes hormones 3. the processes of absorption and elimination 4. safe and effective methods for drug administration 1.

In today's health care environment, there is often more contact between the client and the nurse than between the client and the health care provider. What does this put the nurse in the best position to do?

Assess the therapeutic success of the drug therapy.

the nurse is currently participating in phase IV of a clinical study of a chemotherapeutic drug. What action would the nurse be expected to perform during this phase of testing?

Gathering data from clients taking the drug after it has been released to market.

The nurse is explaining to the client what bioavailability is. What statement is true of bioavailability?

It is the portion of a dose that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to act on body

A client recently discovered that she is pregnant. She currently takes herbal medications to control her diabetes and the symptoms related to pregnancy. She asks the nurse if it is safe to take herbal medications while she is pregnant. What would the nurse tell this client?

Most herbal and dietary supplements should be avoided during pregnancy or lactation."

A nurse has identified the half-life of drug that will be administered to a client for the first time. The nursing drug guide states the drug's half-life is 90 minutes. The nurse should identify what implication of this fact?

Ninety minutes after drug levels peak, there will be 50% of the peak lev

which of the following are examples of drugs with local effects? Select all that apply.

Sunscreen Cold sore medicine Antihypertensive Oral diabetes drugs Wart medicine sunscreen,coldsore,wart

Since 1962, newly developed medications have been extensively tested before being marketed for general use. Which step must the pharmaceutical companies prioritize when beginning the testing?

Test the drugs with animals Test the drugs on volunteers with the disease Test the drugs with placebos Test the drugs on healthy volunteers (1)

Newly developed drugs must include gender-related effectiveness and safety information in the initial Food and Drug Administration (FDA) application based upon which legislative act?

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act GENDER RELATED

What statement should the nurse include in a discussion to a community group about patent drugs?

The patent prevents other drug manufacturers from making or selling that drug

What information should the nurse use to base his/her respond when asked what the outcome of biotechnology involves?

The process involves the insertion of hybrid molecules into living organisms.

What would the nurse identify as the desired response of the combination of codeine and acetaminophen rather than each given separately?

When the drugs are combined, the additive effect is better control of pain.

The blood-brain barrier protects the central nervous system against anything perceived as an invader. This includes drugs that are not lipid soluble. Most antibiotics fall in this class of drug. Knowing this, for antibiotics to be used to treat an infection in the central nervous system, an infection must:

be severe enough to alter the blood-brain barrier. -effective antibiotic treatment can occur only when the infection is severe enough to alter the blood-brain barrier and allow antibiotics to cross.

A newly admitting client has signs and symptoms of an infection and the nurse anticipates that the client will be prescribed antibiotics. What assessment should the nurse prioritize when determining the client's risk for an excessive drug response due to impaired excretion?

blood urea nitrogen level and creatine clearence rate

A client develops a skin reaction to one of their prescribed medications. This client also has a specific underlying pathology. This underlying pathology might serve as

contraindication for the use of certain medications.

The nurse has administered a drug that is known to be lipid soluble. This drug's solubility will primarily affect what aspect of pharmacokinetics?

distribution of the drug

A nurse has administered narcotics to a client. Which intervention should the nurse perform immediately after administering the drug?

document. after adminstiering any drug must document it

The processes involved in dynamic equilibrium are key elements in the nurse's ability to determine what?

dosage scheduling

Pharmocotherapeutics

drugs effect on the body and how the body responds to drug

A client is diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia and is prescribed a statin. As part of client education, the nurse should teach the client to avoid eating:

grapefruit, it increases blood levels

When researching information about a drug, the nurse finds that the drug tightly binds to protein. The nurse would interpret this to mean that the drug will:

have a long duration of action

The client with a history of ischemic heart disease is taking aspirin 81 mg daily. The nurse should explain that less than 81 mg actually reaches target tissue due to which action?

hepatic first pass effect (oral drugs)

What client is most likely to have impaired drug metabolism?

hepatitis c client (effects the liver)

A nurse is teaching a patient about drug therapy for a disease process. What is the appropriate terminology for this therapy?

pharmocotherapy also known as drug therapy , use of drugs to treat signs and symptoms of disease

The nurse is assessing a client whose debilitating headache did not respond to the recommended dose of an OTC analgesic. In response, the client took another dose 30 minutes later and then a double dose one hour after that. The nurse's assessment should focus on the possibility of:

poisoning for overdose

In determining why a medication error occurred, what is an effective strategy for nurses to implement?

root-cause

what schedule does steroids fal under

schedule 3

The nurse is providing discharge education for a frail older adult client who lives alone in an apartment. The client will soon be discharged from the hospital with several new prescriptions. What assessment should the nurse prioritize when determining the client's safety in the home setting?

social support bc the client will be alone and will need help getting her meds correctly

The nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to an 8-month-old infant. Which site would the nurse select?

vastus lateralis

A nurse demonstrates an understanding of the impact the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act has had on the policies currently guiding drug trials, when making which statement?

"There is more relevant information available since both women and minorities are included in drug research studies."

While collecting a medication history, the client admits to doubling the recommended dosage of acetaminophen, saying "It's harmless or they would require a prescription." What is the nurse's best response?

1. "OTC drugs are serious medications and carry serious risks if not taken as directed." 2. "Taking medications like that is careless and you could cause yourself serious harm if you keep doing it." 3. "Sometimes you need to take more than the package directs to treat the symptoms. It's important not to do this frequently." "Did you notify your health care provider of the increased dosage you were taking?" 1

A nurse working for a drug company is involved in phase III drug evaluation studies. What might the nurse be responsible for during this stage of drug development?

1. working with animals who are given experimental drugs 2. monitoring drug effects in clients who are selected to participate in a study, who have the disease that the drug is meant to treat 3. collecting records of symptoms that participants experience while taking a drug and determining whether they are caused by the disease or the drug 4. informing healthy, young volunteer participants of possible risks that could occur from taking an experimental drug 3

The nurse provides health education for a diverse group of clients. For which client should the nurse emphasize the risk of teratogenic drug effects?

20-year-old female client who has been diagnosed with a chlamydial infection The risk of teratogenicity is a priority consideration for female clients of child-bearing age, not for males or prepubescent girls.

The nurse administers amoxicillin 500 mg. The half-life of this drug is approximately 1 hour. At what point would the drug level in the body be 62.5 mg if the drug was not administered again?

3 hours

A client is receiving 250 mg of a drug that has a half-life of 8 hours. How much drug would remain after 24 hours?

31.25

The client is a 6-year-old who is taking 125 mg of amoxicillin every 6 hours. Assuming that the half-life of amoxicillin is 3 hours, approximately how much amoxicillin would be in the child's body at the time of the next administration of the drug?

31.25

The nurse is aware that it requires approximately how many half-lives for a client to excrete a medication from the body?

4-5

When a drug is given at a stable dose, how many half-life periods are required to achieve steady-state concentrations and develop equilibrium between tissue and serum concentrations?

4-5 when a drug is given at a stable dose, 4 to 5 half-lives are required to achieve steady state concentrations and develop equilibrium

According to Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN), what intervention will best help reduce the risk of medication errors?

Alerting other staff to minimize interrupting the nurse preparing medications

When involved in phase III drug evaluation studies, what action should the nurse perform?

Monitor and observe clients closely for adverse effects. Phase III studies involve use of a drug in a vast clinical population in which clients are asked to record any symptoms they experience while taking the drugs

A drug is undergoing Phase 3 testing. During this phase, what activity will take place?

The drug trials will include women as subjects. phase 2 (given to a select few people)

A client has been prescribed a medication that is known to be a drug agonist. This drug will have what effect?

The drug will interact directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that a natural chemical would cause at that site. -agonist produce EFFEcts similar

The nurse is assessing a client who has developed shortness of breath, a rash, panic, and a blood pressure of 189/106 mm Hg after being administered a new medication. In addition to promptly informing the care team, the nurse should:

administer epinephrine

The nurse should have basic knowledge of drug classifications in order to administer medications safely to clients. What drug information is instrumental in determining nursing actions following drug administration?

adverse effects

The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old in a clinic setting. The child is due for a scheduled immunization. Which approach is the best for the nurse to take when administering the IM injection?

allow the child to pick which arm it will go in

The nurse has received this medication order: Amoxicillin 250 mg every 8 hours. What should the nurse do?

call healthcare provider for clarification. IT IS MSSING the route!! IV or IM?

A nurse at the healthcare center receives a prescription for a particular drug. The nurse checks if the prescription is written in ink, includes the name and address of the patient, the name of the drug enforcement agency, as well as the number of the primary healthcare provider. Which of the following drug categories does the drug belong to?

controlled substances , they are the most monitored and they must be writtin in iNK

After teaching a group of students about the responsibilities of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) related to drugs, the instructor determines that the students need additional teaching when they identify what as a major responsibility?

enforcement of control of substances with high abuse potential assignment of a pregnancy category for each new drug enforcement of standards for testing drug toxicity setting of standards for efficacy and safety (control of substances w high abuse)

As the nurse caring for a client who has been diagnosed with hypoalbuminemia, which effect will occur if the nurse administers a drug that is highly protein bound?

increased rate of distribution of the drug, leading to toxicity -protein binding drugs afffect the distribution

The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 regulates what actions in regards to drugs classified as controlled substances? (Select all that apply.

manufacturing elimination distribution formulation dispensing manufacturing,distrubuting,dispensing

What is a prototype for opiods?

morphine

When discussing the various categories of controlled substances, the nurse should provide which example of a schedule III drug?

testosterone