Texas InQuizitive Chpt 3

Compared to its 2011 peak, about how much less federal funding did Florida get in 2018 (in billions)?

$350

President ------ originated the thinking that led to New Federalism, but the most significant changes associated with the era were made under the administration of President -------.

Richard Nixon Bill Clinton

The use of the Tenth Amendment as protection for the rights of states was resurrected by which of the following?

a more conservative majority that emerged on the Supreme Court

During the era of ----- powers, an attempt by Congress to create a national minimum wage would have likely been struck down by the Supreme Court because it would have been outside of the ------- powers listed in of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution.

dual federalism enumerated powers

Which of the following was the primary factor that led to the replacement of the Articles of Confederation?

economic instability

In the U.S. federal system, which of the following policy areas are typically reserved for the states?

education welfare highways

The rights of states are protected in which of the following ways in the U.S. Constitution?

equal Senate representation power to tax intrastate commerce recruitment and maintenance of a militia

A political scientist or historian reviewing the opinions of Chief Justice John Marshall in cases like McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden would be most likely to characterize his judicial philosophy in what way?

favoring the protections of a strong national government

Which policy area would suffer the most if the national government were to revert to its practices of dual federalism?

health & human services

Which of the following is a direct result of the division of powers in federalism?

segregated school

Federalism is most closely related to which other constitutional principle?

separation of power

Study the information in the chart to make a decision about what caused the change in polling places in the following states.

the Supreme Court ruling in Shelby County v. Holder

Which of the following is responsible for border enforcement and development of immigration policies?

the federal government

Which of the following is a factor that shifted national and state governments toward cooperative federalism?

As the nation began to face more complex problems the 1930/40s, multiple levels of government were required to step in

Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the state of federalism during the New Deal period?

Congress regularly invoked the commerce clause to influence state policy.

What impact did the case of Sweatt v. Painter (Sweatt pictured on the right) have on civil rights?

Correct: It set the precedent for Brown v. Board of Education. It supported the idea that segregation was unequal. Incorrect: It overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. It recognized the right of the state of Texas to determine its own education facilities.

In 1990, Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act, which required states to retrofit public areas to be wheelchair accessible, without offering any federal funds to pay for it. This is an example of which of the following?

Correct: an unfunded mandate federal preemption coercive federalism Incorrect: a categorical grant a block grant

In general terms, how did Chief Justice John Marshall treat issues of federalism in his Supreme Court rulings?

He tended to expand the national government's powers relative to the states

The following chart compares the rates of Black and Latino Texans lacking voter ID to the rate of White Texans. It shows that Black Texans are slightly more than twice as likely as White Texans to lack proper voter ID, and Latino Texans are almost twice as likely to lack voter ID. Based on this information, which of the following statements are accurate?

If 10 percent of White Texans lack voter ID, it is likely that 20 percent of Black and Latino Texans lack voter ID. Since Black and Latino Texans are more likely to vote for Democratic candidates, voter ID laws will likely affect the share of votes for Democrats in Texas.

Why do many scholars insist that the Fourteenth Amendment is the most important amendment added to the Constitution, outside of the amendments in the Bill of Rights?

It allowed the Bill of Rights be applied to the states as needed.

Match each responsibility with the correct level of government.

National govt coin money deliver mail regulate interstate commerce oversee foreign relations protect intellectual property State govt regulate family law create standards for professions regulate adoption

The Supreme Court case of ---------- established the racist doctrine of "separate but equal," which was later struck down by the ruling in -------- almost 60 years later.

Plessy v. Ferguson Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

Which of the following characterizes the system of federalism?

Power is divided between the central and regional governments.

After the Supreme Court decision in ---------, Texas no longer had to submit changes to voting procedures or redistricting maps for preclearance to the ----------.

Shelby County v. Holder Department of Justice

Which statements correctly express how the powers to regulate commerce are divided within the U.S. Constitution?

State governments may regulate commerce within states. Congress may regulate interstate commerce.

The financial strains that were placed on states and people during the Great Depression and Dust Bowl of the 1930s had what effect on the federal-state relationship?

States and the public were willing to accept grater national government involvement in their affairs.

Many Texas leaders often praise the small-government and low-tax values of the state and criticize the federal government for its tax policies and extensive aid programs. Examine the information in the chart to determine which statement best captures the problem with this praise and critique.

Texas relies on federal money for nearly one-third of all the money it spends in the state budget.

The text of the Tenth Amendment reads: "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States, respectively, or to the people." Which of the following is most cited as the reason that the Tenth Amendment has been at the center of so much controversy about the division of powers in our federal system?

The amendment is not clear about what the powers of states are.

The myth that Texas can choose to once again become an independent nation, which is still believed by some Texans, was dispelled by the end of ------ and the decision of the Supreme Court in ------.

The civil war Texas v. White

Though the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, or DACA, enjoys generally broad public support, the state of Texas and other states filed suit against the federal government to end its protections by making which claim?

The creation of the program by President Obama was a constitutional overreach.

Which of the following were characteristics of the era of dual federalism?

The states and national government held distinctly separate areas of sovereignty. The national government was small and dealt mostly with issues of foreign policy and national security. The power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce was narrowly defined. It defined the time period from Reconstruction to the New Deal.

Which argument did states fighting the preclearance requirement of Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act make to the Supreme Court?

Voter discrimination was no longer an issue in the states under preclearance.

Which of the following statements best describes the cause of the shift from dual federalism to cooperative federalism?

a public outcry for great government action to deal with crisis.

How much more federal funding did Texas receive in 2018 than it did in 2005?

about the same

The Texas state comptroller's office describes the difference in types of grant funding from the federal government, stating that: "------- such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) have relatively few 'strings' attached, meaning states have ------- grants in using money; ------- grants such as those for the Head Start program are ------- grants."

block grants broad latitude categorical grants more restrictive

Which sorts of countries tend to benefit from a federal system?

countries that have very wealthy and very poor regions countries with strong ethnic, cultural, and geographic divisions

The fact that a state may not set a standard that allows only particular races of individuals to vote in a primary election is an example of which of the following in action?

preemption

The authority of states in the area of police powers includes passing laws that promote public health, safety, and welfare. What is the meaning of the term welfare?

protection against effects of poverty, disease, and abuse

The idea of states having "police powers" does not mean giving more power to the police; rather, it includes multiple aspects of public policy such as which of the following?

providing emergency responders creating homeless shelters inspecting day-care centers

Read this excerpt from the dissenting opinion of Justice Louis Brandeis in New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann, and select the passage that characterizes how the federal system allows flexibility in dealing with local and regional issues. "To stay experimentation in things social and economic is a grave responsibility. Denial of the right to experiment may be fraught with serious consequences to the nation. It is one of the happy incidents of the federal system that a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and try novel social and economic experiments without risk to the rest of the country."

serve as a laboratory

The Tenth Amendment, which reserves powers to the ------- , has been a source of ------- over the meaning of federalism.

state governments conflict

The examples of some cities refusing to hold detained undocumented immigrants because this is a federal responsibility or choosing to enact more powerful environmental laws than those dictated by federal environmental policy show how liberal states and local governments may also make claims using what?

states' rights

Match each Supreme Court case to the impact it had.

struck down legal segregation in admission to higher education institutions Sweatt v. Painter ended the policy of "separate but equal" in public schools Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka gave states constitutional protection to create race-based laws Plessy v. Ferguson

Because of the ---------, if the Supreme Court issues an opinion in a case, --------- must also follow its ruling.

supremacy clause state courts

The Supreme Court in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius held that the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was constitutional because of the __________ , but Texas has sought to strike down the ACA in federal courts ever since the 2017 tax cuts eliminated the __________ requirement that had penalized Americans with no insurance coverage.

taxing power of Congress individual mandate

What was the purpose of New Federalism as imagined by Presidents Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan?

to promote state autonomy

Which of the following best describes the overall trend of the United States federal system?

towards a stronger national government