TExES Technology Applications EC-12 (Domain II Competencies 4-6) (from MrsSweek)

Split Complement

A three color palette which uses one of the colors on the wheel and the two adjacent colors of its complement. For example, if you chose the color blue you would use red-orange and yellow-orange as the split complement colors for my palette.

Keyframe

A type of frame. In animation programs, you would setup keyframes at significant points, such as when a ball is bouncing off the floor and moving in a different direction. Keyframes are important when tweening.

BMP

Also called bitmap. While you will not usually see bmp files on the web pages, the file type can be used for digital graphics. It is a Microsoft Windows format that is used for the Paint program. Some clip are saved as bmp files.

Bitmap Graphics

Also known as a raster graphic. Graphics created from pixels or small dots of color. When you enlarge a bitmap too much, the unwanted result is that you can see pixels creating a jagged look. Bitmap graphics can be saved in a variety of file formats including jpg, gif, and bmp. Typically, bitmap images are used for web pages. (Example: Adobe Photoshop)

Atmospheric Perspectives

Also known as aerial perspective. Considers how objects look through air. The further away an object is, the more dust and pollutants we must look through, which affects how we see the object.

Path-Animation Techniques

Also known as motion animation. It is useful when the object moves or changes shape. For example, you could animate text that "grows" from 10 point to 100 point font. To do this, you would create a keyframe with 10 point font and a keyframe with 100 point font. You would then use the animation software to tween and automatically create all the other frames withing the animation.

The Golden Section

Also known as the golden mean. A ratio 1 to 1.6. This ratio is pleasing to the human eye. (Example: Ancient Egyptian pyramids, proportions of dolphins, the spirals of a shell, a pinecone, a sunflower, and even the proportions of the human face.)

Kern

Amount of space between letters.

Resolution

The number of pixels in an image. It is measured in ppi (pixels per inch) or dpi (dots per inch). Typically, the higher the resolution, the better the quality of the image. FYI... Most computer screens display images at 72 ppi. Therefore, saving images above 72 ppi is wasting memory for you and wasting download time for website views.

Pagination

The process of breaking up the completed text into pages.

Leading

The spacing between lines of text.

Outside Margin

The white space around the the text and images of a page. The outside margin is the space away from the binding of the book.

Tiling

Allows you to print oversized documents using a number of standard 8 1/2 by 11 inch pieces of paper.

Animated GIFs

A gif that simulates movement. It is composed of a number of static gif images that are combined to create movements.

Serif

A small line that is used for decorative purpose on letters. (Example: Times New Romans) Most common for print work because of their improved readability.

Perspective

Allows the designer to create depth in an image and creates a focal point for the eye.

Analogous Colors

Adjacent to each other on the color wheel. For example, if you wanted to use the analogous colors with green, you would use yellow and cyan. Analogous colors create harmony in your design and they are some of the easiest colors to use in your design.

Text Wrap

Automatically brings word to the next line it is is too long to fit on the existing line.

Cool Colors

Blue hues, including blue, cyan, and green. Tend to appear smaller in designs. These colors are calming and soothing but can also seem sterile and impersonal.

Cel-Animation Techniques

Changes the picture slightly in each frame. (Example: If you need to animate a person walking across the room, you could use a path animation technique but that Person's feet would never move. Cel-Animation would allow your person to move slightly across the room, but you would also draw the person's feet in a slightly different position in each cel or frame, thus mimicking true movement more closely.

Inside Page

Comes after the title page and include the main contents of the book.

Storyboarding

Drawing and panels could be arranged and rearranged on a large board, looking something like a large comic book. Once a sequence was determined, animators could bring life to the story using the storyboard for guidance.

Evaluating Products

Design - Appealing and process information quickly and easily. Content - Well organized, clear, and concise. Purpose - Clear so that viewers can quickly discern whether they need to read it or not. Audience - Tailored to the specific needs of the target audience.

Desktop Publishing Six Steps

Design Phase - addresses the high level formatting decisions, design conception, fonts, color, and more. Setup Phase - create templates, setup margins, format paragraphs, etc. Text Phase & Images Phase File Preparation Phase - proofread & test the color printing Printing Phase

Linear Perspective

Dictates that the closer an element is in an image, the larger it is. So, small objects appear farther away and larger objects typically appear closer. The horizon line is important in linear perspective. This is the line where the sky and the land meet. The horizon line will also have a vanishing point, which is where all other lines converge and disappear.

Complementary Colors

Directly across from each other. For example, on the RGB color wheel, green is directly across from magenta and thus those two colors are complementary colors.

The Rule of Thirds

Divide your view into thirds horizontally and vertically. The most interesting pictures will have the focal point along one of the dividing lines rather than centered in the picture. Particularly interesting to the human eye are the four places where the dividing lines cross.

Sans Serif

Fonts that do not have these lines. (Example: Arial) Most common for computer screen documents due to readability.

Windows and Orphans

Leaving enough lines of a paragraph either at the bottom of a page or column (window) or at the top of a page or column (orphan).

GIF

Graphic Interchange Format. It is a format that uses 256 colors. Typically, it is best for images that have large areas of the same color. Compress files without degrading the quality over time.

Layers

Like a sheet of pixels that can be manipulated independently of the rest of the image.

Timeline

Linear depiction of the individual frames that make up the video or animation. Typically, by clicking on a single frame, you can view the static image that encompasses that moment in the animation.

Vector Graphics

Hold the mathematical equations used to draw the lines and curves in an image. Because vector files use mathematical formulas they can be scaled easily without loss of quality. This makes these type of files especially useful for company logos and other images that are routinely and drastically resized. Not appropriate for photographs and other graphics with many subtle variations in color or complex subject matter. (Example: Sometimes called drawing programs, include Adobe Illustrator, and Corel Draw.)

Subtractive or CMYK Color

How we typically see color naturally. Light reflects off of objects and some of the colored light waves are absorbed by the object. The colored light waves that the object reflects represents the color we see. The primary colors are blue, yellow, and red. When all these three colors are mixed together, it creates black. CMYK stands for cyan (blue), Magenta (red), Yellow, and Black. CMYK is used for printing images.

White Space

Important design concept that helps designers achieve harmony and balance. It allows the eye to "rest" and indicates the areas of the image that are important to focus on. White space does not have to be white. It can be any color depending on the background color of the image.

Secondary Colors

In between the primary colors and are made by mixing those primary colors. For example, on the RGB color wheel, cyan is a secondary color which is made by mixing blue and green.

Frames

Simply a static image. When enough static images are placed one after another, it appears as if an object is moving.

Typefaces

Include a collection of letters and symbols characterized by height, slant, etc. Also called a font family. For example, Arial is a font which is part of the font family or typeface that included Arial, Arial Bold, and Arial Narrow.

Synthesizing Information

Integrate or combine it to create your own product.

JPG

Joint Photographic Experts Group. It is typically used for photographs displayed on web pages because it can display 16 million colors but it compresses images to take up less memory. It compresses images by actually throwing out some of the subtle color changes. The more you save a jpg image, the more the quality degrades.

Object Behavior

Object oriented programming (OOP) uses objects that act on each other.

Collation

Occurs when printing more than one multi-page document. When toggled on, it will print all of one set of the document and then print all of the next set. When collation is not toggled on, all copies of page one will print and then all copies of page two will print, etc.

Title Page

One of the first pages of a book. It contains the book's title, the author's name and other information such as the publisher's name and address.

PNG

Portable Network Graphics. Designed to take the place of gif files but has not done so as of yet. The png format does compress files, but without image quality loss and can handle millions of colors.

Primary Colors

RGB - Red, Green, and Blue (Makes white when mixed together) CMYK - Cyan (blue), Magenta (red), and Yellow (Makes black when mixed together)

Warm Colors

Red hues, including red, orange, yellow, and their combinations. Tend to appear larger and move closer to the user and they stand out more in deigns. They evoke a sense of comfort, energy, excitement or even anger from the viewer.

Color Depth

Refers to the number of colors which can be displayed in each pixel on a monitor. You will see color depth measured in bits. So, 8 bit color allows 256 colors. 16 bit allows 65,536 colors.

Basic Design Principles

Repetition - repeating parts of the design. Brings unity to the piece. The unity gives user security that they are still on the same webpage. Contrast - Opposite of repetition. It means that some elements of the design are created different from the rest. Prevents boredom, adds visual interest, helps organize info, and creates a focal point. Proximity - Image that relate is best group close together. Separating these elements can lead to confusion. Alignment - The feature that allows the eye to connect related elements. Helps create unity and order.

Style Sheet

Specifies the features of the text that will be used throughout the document. (Example: you can specify the font, leading, kerning, alignment, and more.)

Template

Specifies the layout of each page. It allows you to set up your margins, locate page numbers, text, columns, and more.

Additive or RGB Color

Stands for Red, green, and Blue and its the color model used for computer screens and televisions. These are the colors that cannot be created by mixing other colors. Mixing all three of these colors creates white.

Tweening

Short for in between. In animation programs, you can set two keyframes at the beginning and the end of a certain motion. The program can calculate all of the in between frames that are required for that motion.

Pixels

Short for two words:Picture and Element. It is the smallest element in a picture. A pixel is square in shape. Many pixels line up in an array to make a picture.

Typography

The arrangement, style, and appearance of type.

Em-dash

The dash is longer than other dashes and it is used to add additional information to a sentence, similar to parentheses. It creates a strong break in the flow of the text - almost like a pause while reading - that allows the reader to gain additional information in long sentences without adding as much complexity.

Drop Cap

The first letter at the beginning of each chapter that is large enough to extend below the first line.

Inside Margin

The inside margin is the white space that is at the book binding.

Monochromatic Colors

Use shades of the same color. Can be boring because of the lack of contrast.

En-dash

used to denote duration or as a way to say "through". Typically, it is used for time, such as May 31-August 1, or page numbers, such as read pages 145-190.

Color Separations

When you have a document printed commercially, each color used in the document is printed separately. So, if a document has a photo, it must use the CMYK colors and thus be processed four times, one for each color of ink.

Gutter

Where the two insides margins meet.

Linked Columns

You can link columns so that text automatically flows into the next linked column.