Textiles

Yarn

-Continuous threadlike strands composed of fibers that have been twisted together.

Which is available as staple fiber?

-Cotton

State the fiber property that most affects improving insulation

-Crimp

State the fiber property that most affects resistance to wear from rubbing

- Abrasion resistance

Remnants

-1 to 10 yards of fabric

Over-The-Counter Sale for Fabric

-A type of sale where home swearers purchase fabrics sold in retail stores.

State the fiber property that most affects pilling propensity

-Absorbency of water

State the fiber property that most affects static buildup

-Absorbency of water

State the fiber property that most affects preventing clammy feeling on a hot day

-Absorbency of water and wicking

What type of cotton is the cotton primarily produced in US? What's the fraction of the total cotton production? What are the key properties of this cotton?

-American Upland. -95% -Hydrophilic. No static/pilling issues. Little Luster.

Converters

-An individual or an organization that buys greige goods. -The converters then have the fabric dyed and printed and finished by other companies.

Why does cotton have a wide range of textile applications?

-Availability, inexpensive, stronger when wet, soft hand, no static or pilling issues.

State the fiber property that most affects resisting pulling force

-Breaking strength

Jobbers

-Buy discontinued styles, colors, and mill overruns from mills, converters, and garment manufactures as well as from other users.

Textile Mills/Vertically Integrated Mills

-Companies that own textile machinery and make fabrics. -Vertically Integrated: Large mills that not only make fabric but also produce their own yarn, and perform the finishing process required after the fabric has been created

Which fiber 'felts' when laundered?

-Wool

What is Crimp? How does it affect the properties of a textile?

-Crimp: waviness or deviation of the fiber from a straight line along the fiber axis. -Affect: more cohesive, easier to spin into yarns, provides bulk, increases the covering power, warmer, excellent insulator.

Wool must be cleaned in the following manner...

-Dry cleaned

State the fiber property that most affects degree of luster

-Fiber cross section

State the fiber property that most affects determination of hand

-Fiber cross section

State the fiber property that most affects pod drapability

-Flexibility or stiffness

Fair Trade

-Indicates that a product was produced without labor exploitation. -This means it is environmentally sustainable, and that producers received fair prices for their product.

Private Label

-Is a retail brand in which apparel is manufactured specifically for a retailer and sold exclusively by that retailer. -Example: Arizona at JCP

Shorts

-Less than 40 yards of fabric

A 100% flax fabric is called

-Linen

Over the past two decades there has been a decrease in the quantity of apparel fabrics made in the US why?

-Lower Wages -Fewer environmental regulations

Specialty fibers include

-Mohair, camel hair, cashmere

Fabrics

-Most are made from yarns and are either woven or knitted.

Why does wool make warm fabrics?

-Natural Crimp: fibers don't pack together. form dead air spaces. spaces become insulating barrier. -Slow moisture absorption: Provide chemical reaction with that releases energy in the form of heat.

Describe felting in wool fabrics

-Occurs in presence of heat, moisture, and agitation. -Fiber scales interlock. Leads to a tangled mass of surface. Can't be combed or brushed out

Overseas Agents

-Person/Company that represents an exporter or importer in the countries overseas where it conducts business. -Basically a person that knows the local business, local customs, and government regulations to help facilitate the buying.

Which fiber has the safest high ironing temperate?

-Rayon

State the fiber property that most affects excessive wrinkling

-Resiliency

Fibers Natural vs. Manufactured

-Smallest part of the fabric. -Fine, hairlike -Natural: cotton/wool. plant/animal -Manufactured: acrylic/nylon, polyester. created from chemicals.

What are the differences between buying textiles by specification and buying by sample?

-Specification: involves conforming to written documents that list every aspect of the fabric. -Sample: usually involves the seller conforming to a sample that he had previously furnished to the buyer, and the buyers acceptance based on that sample.

A curtain manufacturer wants to purchase 10,000 yards of a printed chintz fabric. Where can he get this?

-Textile mill, textile converter, jobber

State the fiber property that most affects producing permanent pleats

-Thermoplasticity

Greige Goods

-Unfinished Fabrics. -Fabric that is not dyed, printed or finished.

State two everyday occurrences where static buildup occurs?

-Walking on carpeting -Dress rubbing against tights

State several reasons why a company would import textiles or textile products. State potential problems that might result.

-Why: lower buying prices, superior quality to domestic products, products that the US doesn't make. -Problem: Lengthened delivery schedules, difficulties in communications, government regulations, receiving an inferior quality shipment.

Which fiber would be more suitable for athletic wear? One that wicks or one that absorbs moisture why?

-Wicks because perspiration would travel along the fiber surface and through the fiber to the exterior surface of the garment.

Textile Industry Segmented into Three Parts (percentages)

1.Apparel 35% 2.Interior Furnishings 35% 3.Industrial 30%