The Air We Breathe

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Ozone (O^3)

- Sharp odour - may reduce lung function - chest pain, coughing, sneezing, lung congestion - yellows pine needles - at high altitude it plays essential role in screening out UV radiation

Nitrogen dioxide (NO^2)

- brown colour - dissolves in moist lung tissue producing acid - produced from nitrogen monoxide, produced in air from heat, i.e. engines and coal-fired power plants - may injure and kill inhalers

Particulate matter (PM)

- complex mixture of tiny solid particles and mini liquid droplets - classified by size rather than composition

Sulfur dioxide (SO^2)

- sharp, unpleasant odour - dissolves in moist tissue of lungs forming acid - burning of coal - causes respiratory distress, heart failure, asphyxiation, lung damage

Composition of air

78% N 21% O 1% Ar

Catalyst

A chemical substance that participates in a chemical reaction and influences its rate without self undergoing permanent change; speeds up a chemical reaction

Mixture

A physical combination of two or more pure substances in variable amounts

Chemical reaction

A process whereby substances described as reactants are transformed into different substances called products

Chemical equation

A representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas

Oxygen (O)

Absorbed via lungs and reacts with foods to release energy to power chemical processes in our bodies. Essential component for breathing

Exposure

Amount of substance encountered. Depends on easily measured factors: - Concentration of air - Length of time - Rate of breathing

Combustion

Chemical process of burning, the rapid reaction of fuel and oxygen to release energy in the form of heat and light

Argon (Ar)

Chemically inert ("lazy" in Greek) What you inhale you simply exhale

Clean Air Act 1970

Established national air quality standards in USA

Pollution Prevention Act 1990

Followed Clean Air Act, focusing on preventing formation of hazardous substances i.e. 'logic of prevention'

Law of conservation of matter and mass

In a chemical reaction, matter and mass are conserved, the mass reactants consumed equals the mass of the products formed

Troposphere

Lowest layer of atmosphere, where 75% of air we breathe lies

Ecological footprint

Means of estimating the amount of biologically productive space (land and water) necessary to sustain a particular standard of living/lifestyle

Sustainability

Meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs - 1987 Our Common Future WCEDUN

Metal, Nonmetal, Metalloid

Metal: elements that conduct electricity and heat Nonmetal: do not conduct heat or electricity and have no characteristic appearance Metalloid: lie between metals and nonmetals

Nitrogen (N)

Most abundant substance in air; colourless, odourless, un-reactive, passes in/out of lungs unchanged

Risk assessment

Process of evaluating scientific data and making predictions in an organized manner about probabilities of an outcome

Compound

Pure substance made up of two or more elements in a fixed, characteristic chemical combination

Element

Pure substance which compounds are formed

Air Quality Index

Scaled from 1-500, with value of 100 pegged to national standard for a pollutant

Scientific notation

Scientific system of writing numbers as a product of with 10 and raised to the appropriate power

Respiration

The foods we eat are metabolized to produce carbon dioxide (CO^2 and water)

Toxicity

The intrinsic health hazard of a substance

Triple Bottom Line

Three way measure of success of a business 1) Profit 2) Fair & beneficial 3) Healthy for environment

VOCs

Volatile Organic Compounds: - carbon containing compounds that easily evaporate

Tragedy of the Commons

When a resource is common to all and used by many, but has no one in particular responsible for it. As a result, it may be destroyed by overuse and costs are shared by all

ppm

parts per million

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

'Silent killer' - no colour, taste, smell --> when inhaled, causes nausea, dizzyness, headaches Released by automobiles, charcoal grills, propane camping stoves


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