The Americans- Chapter 19
Franz Ferdinand
*Archeduke of the Austrian-Hungary Empire *Attempted to incopperate Serbian population in the Austrian-Hungary Empire as equals
Schlieffen Plan
*Avoid 2 front war *Based on speed (quick attacks) *Attack stronger opponent first (France) *Plan to win war
Western Front
*Battlefield on the France/German border *Trench warfare (slow, high casualty rate) *Little transfer of territory 2-5 miles
Battle of Somme
*British encounter offensve *last 4 months *half a million killed on each side, *made no difference in war
Sinking of the Lusitania
*British passenger vessel *flying neutral (US) color *sunk by u-boat *130 passenger
Total War
*Complete efforts are dedicated to war *Civilians and cities are military factories
Battle of Marne (II)
*Final major German offensive of the war *Failed to break all lines *Captured Paris *Exhausted its war time capablity
Why were the Balkans considered the "Powder Keg" of Europe prior to WWI
*Formally under control of Ottoman Empire *Recently free due to collaborative European effort *New countries desired and dominated by major European power
Battle of Marne (I)
*French victory over the swift moving German military * Due to the interception of the German plan *Ended the schlieffen plan
Alfred Graf von Schlieffen
*German General *Mastermind of Germany's Plan to win WWI and avoid 2 front war
Eastern Front
*Germany and Russia *Less trench warfare *One sided (Germany) *Large transfer of land
Zimmerman Telegram
*Germany to Mexico *Mexican invasion of the southern united states *Britain stopped the telegram
Black Hand
*Serbian terrorist *Associated and supported by the Serbian government *Looking to remove Austrian-Hungarian from the Balkins
What was the purpose of Wilson's "Peace Amongst Equals"
*attempt to end war and bring peace *no terms (no winner or loser)
Why did Russia leave the war early
*eastern front *huge losses *extreme shortage *communist revolution
What effect did it have on the war
*ended hostilities *closes esatern front
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
*ends war between germany and russia *germany is allowed to keep only territory currently occupied, also the russian border
What were the terms of the Treay of Versailles 1919
*losers (central powers) suffered all colonial claims *germany, austria-hungary, ottoman empire suffered territorial loss *limits of military opponent *democratic gov't *financial damages
Technological Advancements
*machine guns- 600 bullets per min *posion gas *planes *tanks (break stalemate in trenches) *big bertha *penicillin *fake limbs
What was America's stance at the outbreak of WWI
*neutrality *tried to help allies
Fourteen points
*plan for peace *last point was adopted *national self determination
League of Nations, its purpose, and its weaknesses
*post WWI peace organization, collective security, no WWII *not all countries were allowed to join *imperalism as the mandate system
Economic/Political ties to the Allies
*same form of government w. British/France *language, history, religion, economy *double the business w. Britain and France than Germany
Big Four
*woodrow wilson (us) *david lloyd george (britain) *vittorio emanuele orlando (italy) *george clemenceau (france)
Gavrilo Princip
19 yr old assasin, Serbian nationalist, member of the Black Hand
Approximately, how many caualties world-wide were suffered in WWI
20 million
Alliances
Agreement between countries to go to war if an ally is attacked- IRON CLAD
Eddie Rickenbacker
America's greatest pilot
Identify the countries that were mmbers of the Triple Entente
Briatian, Russia, France
Nationalism
Concept that your country is the best and has the right to take advantage of the other weaker countries- produces ultra-patriotic citizens willing to die for their countries
Which country contributed the most men and $$$ to the war for each side: allies
French (men), USA second most($$$), British first most($$$)
Which country contributed the most men and $$$ to the war for each side: central powers
German
Battle of Verdun
German offenses, 300,000 each side (western front)
Which country suffered the most casualties for each side: Central Powers
Germany
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Germany sinking all and neutral ship without warning, endanger US neutrality
Identify the countries that were members of the Triple Alliance
Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary
Militarism
Idea that your country must be the strongest; use of the military to get needed resources from weaker countries
Economic Competition
International competiton for the limited global resources that bring major nations into conflict
Slavs
Largest ethic group in the Balkins, dominated and oppress by the Austrian-Hungarians
Which country suffered the most casualties for each side: Allies
Russia
Imperialism
Stronger countries taking over weaker countries to get needed resources
National War Labor Board
US federal agency (woodrow wilson)
War Industries Board
US government agency established on july 28, 1917, during WWI to coordinate the purchase of the war supplies. The organization encouraged companies to use mass production techniques to increase efficiency
Committee on Public Information
Wilson created the committee on public info. to promote the war domestically while publizing American war aims board
Shell Shock
an inability to eat or sleep after the slaughter, was common
Influenza
cold like flu, killed between 20-40 million
John J. Pershing
commander of the american expeditionary force on the western front
"Less Days"
designated days in which the civilian population would go without war sensitive days
Trench Foot
exposure of the feet due to damp, unsanitary, and cold conditions
Field Marshall Foch
french general and marshal of france, great britain, and poland, and a military theorist
What was the American reaction to the Versialles Treaty
german and irish immigrants did not like it republicans did not want any part of it
Espionage & Sedition Act
give gov't control over the justice system and allow them to silence, imprision, jail, execute citizens involved in what was considered unamerican activity
War Bonds
gov't coupons sold to american ppl in order to finance the war beyond military budget
Henry Cabot Lodge, why did he oppose US signing the Versailles Treaty
leading republican senetor, head of opposition of the treaty of versialles
Describe the make-up of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)
made up of inexperienced multi-ethnic citizen soldiers
Great Migration
mass exodus of African American from southern states to industrial states from the north
Victory Gardens
personal gardens encouraged by gov't to make sure there is enough food for the miliatry
What is an armistice, and when was the armistice for WWI signed
sieze fire, not an agreement, nov 11th 1919
Alfred Zimmerman
state secretary for foreign affairs of the German empire
Alvin York
took command and captured 132 german soldiers. promoted to the rank of sergeant and recieved the medal of honor
What impact did WWI have on the role women in America
took on jobs of men
What impact did WWI have on African Americans
took on jobs of white men
What was Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles
war gulit cause