The Atlantic Slave Trade Section 3 Chapter 20
How many Africans were transported to the Americas and when?
300,000 between 1500 and 1600. This number climbed to 1.3 million within the next century.
How many Africans labored in Spanish America and by when?
300,000 by 1650 and they worked on plantations or in gold and silver mines.
What percent of Africans went to Brazil and when?
40% during the 17th century.
What was the triangular trade?
A transatlantic trading network.
When did the Atlantic Slave Trade end?
Around 1870. About 9.5 million Africans had been imported by this time.
When did European colonists begin using enslaved Africans on plantations and farms?
Beginning around 1500.
How did the Atlantic slave trade impact Africans?
1. Numerous cultures lost generations of their fittest members. 2. African families were torn apart. 3. Guns were introduced the continent.
How did Africans effect the Americas?
1. Without their labor, some colonies may not have survived. 2. They had expertise in agriculture. 3. They brought their culture - art, music, religion, and food. 4. Many populations now have African descent. They have a mixed population.
Who dominated the European sugar market and when?
Brazil during the 1600s.
How many slaves did they transport?
By the time slave trade ended, they transported nearly 1.7 million Africans.
How was life when they got to the Americas?
They were auctioned off to the highest bidder, and then they were out to work in either mines or fields. They lived in little food, and they lived in small and dreary huts. They worked long days and suffered beatings.
How did slaves resist or rebel?
They broke tools, uprooted plants, worked slowly, and sometimes they ran away.
What did African merchants do to avoid uncooperative rulers?
They developed new trade routes.
How did Europeans treat Africans in African ports?
They tightly packed them into dark holds of large ships. On board, they endured many whippings and beatings from merchants. They also suffered from diseases. Slaves died from either abuse or suicide by drowning. About 20% of Africans perished during these trips.
What did European traders do instead of travel inland?
They waited in ports along the coast of Africa.
How did that change?
With the colonization of the Americas.
How did slavery probably begin?
With the development of farming about 10,000 years ago when they used Prisoners of War.
What did African merchants do?
With the help of local rulers, they captured Africans to be enslaved and they delivered them to Europeans in exchange for gold, guns, and other goods.
How did they cope with the horrors of slavery?
With their cultural heritage. They sang songs and told stories of their ancestors.
What was the middle passage?
The voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies and later to North and South America.
What were the advantages that the Europeans saw in using Africans in the Americas?
1. Africans built immunity to European diseases. 2. They had experience in farming and could be taught how to do plantation work. 3. They were less likely to escape because they don't know the lay of the land. 4. If they do escape, then they are easy to catch because of their skin color.
Who was the leading carrier of enslaved Africans and when?
England from 1690 to 1807.
What were the Portuguese traders INITIALLY more interest in trading for instead of captured Africans?
Gold.
When did England abolish slave trade?
In 1807.
When and where was the Stono Rebellion? What was it?
It took place in 1739 when a group of slaves in South Carolina led an uprising.
Who transported 17 million Africans to where and when?
Muslims transported 17 million Africans to North Africa and Southwest Asia between 650 and 1600.
How many Africans were sold to Britain's North American colonies?
Nearly 400,000.
What was the triangular trade made up of?
One trade route: Europeans transported manufactured goods to the west coast of Africa. These good were traded for captured Africans. These Africans were then brought to the West Indies to be sold. They were sold for sugar, coffee, and tobacco. Another trade route: they bought rum and other goods to Africa and exchanged these for Africans. They then sold these Africans in the West Indies for sugar and molasses.
What caused the demand for cheap labor to increase?
Other European nations established colonies in the Americas.
By 1839, how many slaves toiled in the United States?
Roughly 2 million.
How were slaves treated in most African and Muslim societies?
Slaves had some legal rights and an opportunity for social mobility. In the Muslim world, few slaves even occupied positions of influence and power. Some served as generals in the army. In Africa societies, the hey could escape bondage by marrying into the family they served.
Who were the first Europeans to explore Africa and When?
The Portuguese during the 1400s.
Who took the lead in importing Africans?
The Spanish. Spain moved on from the Caribbean and began colonizing in the Americas.
What was the Atlantic Slave Trade?
The buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas.
What was the middle passage considered?
The middle leg of the transatlantic trade triangle.
What cuased an increase in slavery and slave trade in Africa?
The spread of Islam into Africa during the 7th century.
