The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

T or F? Age-related changes in the blood may include increased hematocrit.

False

T or F? The sigmoid sinus penetrates the jugular foramen and leaves the skull as the external jugular vein on that side.

False

Which vessels collect blood from capillaries?

venules

Which vessel(s) enters the cranium at the foramen magnum?

vertebral arteries

Which vessel becomes the basilar artery?

vertebral artery

T or F? Arteries and veins often make anastomotic connections that reduce the impact of a temporary or even permanent occlusion (blockage) of a single vessel.

True

T or F? As it reaches the ankle, the posterior tibial artery divides to form the medial and lateral plantar arteries, which supply blood to the plantar surface of the foot.

True

T or F? As the pulmonary trunk curves over the superior border of the heart, it gives rise to the left and right pulmonary arteries.

True

T or F? At birth, dramatic changes occur in the cardiovascular system.

True

T or F? Distally the axillary artery becomes the brachial artery, which supplies blood to the upper limb.

True

T or F? The branching pattern of peripheral veins is much more variable than that of arteries.

True

Which vessel supplies the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain?

anterior cerebral artery

The ascending aorta begins at (the) ________.

aortic valve

After leaving the thoracic cavity and passing over the outer border of the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ________.

axillary artery

Which vessel is found on the ventral surface of the brain along the pons?

basilar artery

Veins are much more easily distended under pressure than are arteries ________.

because their walls are thinner and contain a lower proportion of smooth muscle fibers

Which of the following is a branch of the aortic arch?

brachiocephalic trunk

Arteriorsclerotic changes that occur with aging include the deposit of ________ on weakened vascular walls, increasing the risk of a stroke or infarct.

calcium salts

Which of the following is the right branch of the celiac trunk?

common hepatic artery

Which vessel branches into medial and lateral circumflex arteries?

deep femoral artery

Which great vessel structure is divided by the diaphragm into a superior thoracic portion and an inferior abdominal portion?

descending aorta

Another name for muscular arteries is ________.

distribution arteries

Muscular arteries ________.

have a thick media with a large amount of smooth muscle fiber within them

Large veins ________.

include the superior and inferior vena cavae

The anterior chest wall is supplied by (the) ________.

internal thoracic artery

Pulmonary veins enter which chamber of the heart?

left atrium

The umbilical vein drains into the ductus venosus, which is connected to an intricate network of veins within the developing ________.

liver

The midbrain and lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres receive blood from the ________.

middle cerebral artery

The ________ is composed of arteries and veins that transport blood between the heart and the lungs.

pulmonary circuit

At the cubital fossa, the brachial artery divides into the ________.

radial and ulnar arteries

Which of the following organs drains its blood through the hepatic portal system?

stomach

Because of their proximity to the surface, ________ are usually used to obtain blood samples.

superficial veins

The suprarenal arteries originate on either side of the aorta near the base of which vessel?

superior mesenteric artery

The azygous and hemiazygous veins are the chief collecting veins of the ________.

thorax

After passing from the thoracic cavity over the border of the first rib, the subclavian artery changes its name. The name changes continue along the arm and to the hand. In correct order, these names are: (1) superficial palmar arch (2) deep palmar arch (3) brachial artery (4) radial artery (5) axillary artery (6) ulnar artery

5, 3, 4 or 6, 1 or 2