The Early Republic Lesson 7 Jacksonian Democracy

Indian Removal Act

A law enacted in 1830 that forced native american peoples east of the Mississippi to move to lands in the west

Explain why Andrew Jackson and many southerners opposed the creation of a national bank.

Andrew Jackson opposed the national bank because he thought it was a threat to the traditional ideals with which America was endowed. Just like Jefferson he thought that the control of the money supply in a centralized entity was a danger for American society.

Why did Andrew Jackson find support from the southern and western states?

Andrew Jackson was born near the borders of the Carolinas. He was from a poor family. He was considered much more of an "everyman" than was his opponent John Quincy Adams. The United States at the time was looking for its own national identity. John Quincy Adams and the people he represented were of the rich families of the Northeast. The American population wanted to forge ahead and find its own identity through leadership of people like Jackson.

How did Andrew Jackson exercise the power of the executive branch to a different extent than previous presidents? Cite evidence.

He made executive decisions based on his personal beliefs and did what he could to protect the common man.

Andrew Jackson

Issued the Indian removal act, left the Republican Party to form the democratic Republican Party; opponent of John Quincy Adams

Tariff of Abominations

John C. Calhoun's name for an 1828 tariff increase that seemed to Southerners to be enriching the North at their expense

What did the Trail of Tears show about many people's views about American Indians at the time?

Many people believed Indians could never be civilized and did not care for what happened to them and just wanted to get rid of them.

Why did Andrew Jackson think that the American Indians should be removed and sent to Oklahoma? Cite evidence from his quotes in the text.

President Jackson believed that the American Indians should make way for white people. "What good man would prefer a country covered with forests and ranged by a few thousand savages to our extensive Republic?" he asked. Indeed, southern whites wanted the valuable lands held by the American Indians.

What events and strategies contributed to the Whig victory in the Election of 1840?

The Whigs ran a campaign that was light on ideas but heavy on the sort of theatrics that would become common in American politics. For example, the Whigs organized big parades and coined a catchy slogan—"Tippecanoe and Tyler too"—to garner voters' attention.

Why were the southern states opposed to high tariffs?

Some in the South,, felt they were harmed directly by having to pay higher for goods imported from Europe. Hypothetically the South was also harmed indirectly because reducing the exportation of British goods to the U.S. would make it difficult for the British to pay for the cotton they imported from the South.

John C. Calhoun

South Carolina Senator; advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification;Jackson's Vice President who called the 1828 tariff a Tariff of Abominations

What political strategies contributed to Andrew Jackson's success in the election of 1828?

The 1824 presidential election shift from the method used in the first presidential elections, in which state legislatures choose electors contributed to Andrew Jackson's success in the election of 1828.

How was the debate over nullification related to the conflict that later spiraled into the Civil War?

The Nullification Crisis helped lead to the Civil War because it boiled sectional tensions between the North and the South to the surface. For instance, economic differences made it possible for the South to become dependent on the North for manufactured goods.

What caused the Panic of 1837?

The Panic of 1837 was partly caused by the economic policies of President Jackson, who created the Specie Circular by executive order and refused to renew the charter of the Second Bank of the United States.

Trail of Tears

The marches in which the Cherokee people were forcibly removed from Georgia to the Indian territory in 1838-1840 with thousands of the Cherokee dying on the way

spoils system

The practice of winning candidates rewarding their supporters with government jobs

How did the changes in voting rights affect American democracy?

Voters had an increased role in choosing other state and local officials across the country which was more democratic than having electors choose for them.

Use the graphic organizer below to show the differences between the beliefs of the Whigs and the Jacksonian Democrats. Also include information about the people who made up each party.

Whigs -The Whigs supported the supremacy of Congress over the presidency and favored a program of modernization and economic protectionism. -Democratic Republicans created the American System which created tariffs to protect industry, a national bank to foster commerce, and federal subsidies for internal improvements such as railroads and canals. -The party was named in remembrance of a group in opposition to tyranny. It was destroyed over slavery issues as party members were both for and against slavery. -Contributing Whig Figures included, Henry Clay, John Tyler, Millard Fillmore, James Taylor Jacksonian Democrats -The Jacksonian Democrats were worried that the economic modern market manipulation would lead to a rise in aristocrats. -They believed in the common man which consisted of average wealth and occupation which was usually farming. They believed that the government should help these common folk to keep them driving the American economy and culture. -Jacksonian Democrats expanded suffrage for white males in order to gain votes. Another way to gain power in Congress was the use of Patronage which was a policy of placing political supporters in office. Contributing Jacksonian Democrat Figures included, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, John Tyler

Jacksonian Democracy

a 19th-century political philosophy in the United States that expanded suffrage to most white men over the age of 21, and restructured a number of federal institutions.

nullification

a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional with respect to the United States Constitution

caucus

a meeting at which local members of a political party register their preference among candidates running for office or select delegates to attend a convention.

Whigs

an American colonist who supported the American Revolution.

Martin Van Buren

an American statesman who served as the eighth president of the United States from 1837 to 1841.