The Effects of Drugs on the Brain

cerebral cortex -____________ part of the brain -Most highly _________ part of the brain - Controls __________, __________, and _________________. -_______________ connects the two hemispheres

-largest -developed -thinking, perceiving, and understanding language - Corpus callosum

What can you conclude from the prescription drug, inhalants, and brain facts worksheet?

1.) People should only take prescription drugs prescribed to the by a doctor, and should follow the taking instructions. 2.)Prescription drugs affect the brain and body; these changes can be harmful for someone who does not need them. 3.) Inhalants are household products that can be very dangerous if used wrongly.

The number of neurons in the brain is about:

100 billion

In the year _______, a man named __________ first discovered neurotransmitters during an experiment with two frog hearts.

1921; Otto Loewi

This part of the brain helps a person with thinking, coordination, balance, and being aware of everything around them. Alcohol interferes with these abilities. Changes in this part of the brain may cause loss of balance and coordination.

Cerebellum

When alcohol reaches this part of the brain, a person can lose judgement and lower his/her inhibitions. Alcohol here also effects how the brain gets information from the senses which might cause blurry vision and difficulty in smelling, tasting, and hearing.

Cerebral Cortex

____________ lobe located right behind the forehead. Responsible for initiating and coordinating ______ movements and high cognitive skills like ____________ and ___________.

Frontal lobe; motor; problem solving; thinking

What is the difference in the effects of dopamine between heroin and cocaine?

Heroin increases the amount of dopamine released; cocaine prevents normal re absorption of dopamine causes a build up of it in the synapse.

________________ controls body temp, hunger, and thirst.

Hypothalamus

What does having to many chemicals in the synapse cause in new smokers?

It makes neurons send messages much more often than it should.

___________ controls the right side of the body. Is responsible for mathematical ability, problem solving, language, and decision making.

Left hemisphere

THC receptors are located in the ______________ system, ________ _______, and the ___________

Limbic, cerebral cortex, cerebellum

_______________ controls heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure; connects the brain to the spinal cord

Medulla

drinking alcohol interferes with this part of the brain's ability to maintain the body's normal temp. Alcohol can also cause slower breathing and heart rate. If a lot of alcohol is used over a short period of time, it can even cause a person to go into when this part of the brain shuts down.

Medulla

____________ lobe located in the back of the brain, against the skull. Processes all the __________ information coming into the brain.

Occipital ; visual

What are opioids prescribed for? What is an example? How are they suppose to work?

Opioids are prescribed for pain, an example is morphine. They are suppose to block pain messages in the brain.

______________ lobe is located below the crown of the head. Processes __________ information from the whole body ( information about pain, touch, and pressure)

Parietal; sensory

____________ contains the fibers that connect the cerebral cortex with the cerebellum and spinal cord; also controls sleeping, awakening, and dreaming

Pons

_______________ controls the left side of the body. Responsible for artistic expression and understanding relationships in space

Right Hemisphere

What is an example of an inhalant? What is there purpose? What can happen if they are used wrongly?

Some household products. Meant for things other than inhalation. The brain will be deprived of oxygen, and it can cause decreased coordination, heart attack, and sudden death.

__________ is the active ingredient in marijuana.

THC

__________________ lobe located behind the temples and just above the ears. In charge of making sense of the information you _________. ___________ information from various senses, such as smell and vision.

Temporal; hear; Intergrates

Why do addicted smokers have less acetylcholine and fewer receptors?

The brain decreases these to prevent the neuron from sending to many messages.

What are CNS stimulants prescribed for? What is an example? How are they suppose to work?

They are prescribed for ADHD, narcolepsy, and depression. An example is dexedrine. They are suppose to cause increased alertness by copying activity of dopamine and norepinephrine.

What are CNS depressants prescribed for? What is an example? How are they suppose to work?

They are prescribed for sleep problems and anxiety. An example is barbiturates. They are suppose to cause calmness by increasing GABA release.

What can happen if CNS stimulates are used wrongly?

They can become addictive, can cause irregular heartbeat, high body temp., heart attack, and seizures.

What can happen if CNS depressants are used inappropriately?

They can become addictive, can cause respiratory problems, and can cause death.

What can happen if opioids are used inappropriately?

They can become very addictive, can cause respiratory problems, and can cause death.

long term marijuana users can become ____________ to the drug.

addicted

Heroin: Changes in the brain are responsible for heroin _________. Using heroin activates the brain's opiate __________ and increases the amount of dopamine released, which results in a short-lived ___________. By acting on the ________ receptors, users can experience feelings of euphoria and decreased pain. Users can also experience nausea and cloudy thinking. After repeated use, receptors decrease and heroin users need more and more of the drug just to fell the same effects, or to avoid ___________ symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms are intense for a heroin addict, and include insomnia, muscle and bone pain, vomiting, and cold flashes.

addiction; receptors; rush; opiate; withdrawal

___________ plays an important role in emotional behavior.

amygdale

The neurotransmitters are released from the receptors and are either ___________ or go back into the ______ of the first neuron.

broken down; axon

is in charge of the neuron's activities

cell body

_______________ controls posture, movement, and the sense of balance

cerebellum

receive messages from other neurons

dendrites

a message travels from the _____________ through the __________ and to the end of the ___________

dendrites; cell body; axon

this lobe of the cerebral cortex helps a person with planning, making decisions, and using self- control. Alcohol can harm a person's ability to plan, make decisions, and use self-control. If alcohol is used over a long period of time, this part of the brain can be damaged permanently.

frontal lobe

The amount of tar, carbon monoxide, and cancer-causing chemicals can be________ in marijuana smoke than tobacco smoke.

greater

Activity in the ______________ is reduced when someone is using marijuana, causing problems short-term memory loss.

hippocampus

When alcohol reaches this part of the brain, a person can lose the ability to remember something he or she just learned, like another person's name or phone number. Drinking a lot of alcohol in a short period of time can cause blackout, when a person cannot remember entire events. Long-term alcohol use can cause permanent memory loss and learning damage in this part of the brain.

hippocampus

______________ controls learning and memory.

hippocampus

limbic system two main parts are __________ and ___________.

hippocampus and amygdala

when alcohol reaches this brain area, it can cause increased blood pressure , increased hunger and thirst, decreased body temp., and decreased heart rate.

hypothalamus

addicted smoker has:

less acetylcholine and fewer receptors

long term use of marijuana can cause permanent ___________ ______ and ____________ __________.

memory loss; learning problems

Once the neurotransmitter has attached to the receptors of the second neuron, the ____________ is passed on.

message

covers the axon to protect it and help messages travel faster and easier

myelin sheath

the transfer of information between neurons is called

neurotransmission

The message causes the chemicals, called ______________, to be released from the end of the axon into the synapse. The neurotransmitters carry the message with them into the synapse. The ____________ is the space between the axon of the one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron

neurotransmitters; synapse

When THC activates these receptors, it interferes with the ___________ functioning of these areas of the brain.

normal

nonsmokers have:

normal acetylcholine receptors

Quitting cold turkey results in :

not enough acetycholine and receptors

Brain stem -the most ________ part -controls simple _________, such as coughing, sneezing, and digestion -Two main parts ________ and ________

primitive; reflexes; pons and medulla

Cocaine: Cocaine prevents the normal ______________ of dopamine during neurotransmission. This causes a build up of dopamine in the _________, which gives a cocaine user strong feelings of pleasure. When a person stops using it, dopamine levels decrease and the person needs more of the drug to restore the _________ level and feel normal again. Repeated cocaine use can cause damage to neurons and lead to problems with ________ and learning. Cocaine withdrawal can lead to feelings of _________, anxiety, and paranoia.

re absorption: synapse; dopamine; memory; depression

THC activates the THC ___________ in the brain.

receptors

The neurotransmitters then travel across the synapse to special places of the dendrites of the next neuron, called____________. The neurotransmitters fit into receptors like keys in locks.

receptors

sends messages from the cell body to the dendrites of other neurons

the axon

new smokers have:

to many chemicals in the synapse