The Enlightenment

Volitare

Freedom of religion separation of church and state

Rousseau

Believed in democracy

Thomas Hobbes was a philosopher from_____. He was greatly influenced by the events of the______ which began in the 1640s. Hobbes pioneered the idea of a social contract, which was an agreement between _____.

England English civil war citizens and their government

Thomas Hobbs

Favored absolute rule Life is nasty, brutal, and short people are naturally selfish

"Enlightenment is man's release from immaturity that we have created for ourselves. Immaturity is the inability to reason for ourselves without the guidance from another. This need for guidance is self-created, not because of our lack of reason, but because of our lack of bravery to use that reason on our own. The motto of the Enlightenment is this: Have courage to use your own understanding!" According to Kant, what did the Enlightenment encourage people to do? Be careful and cautious. Think for themselves. Rely on past ideas and principles. Follow decisions made by others.

Think for themselves

Montesqiue

checks and balances separation of powers

John Locke

people have natural rights people are naturally reasonable He apposed absolute rule Rulers must respect rights