The Fetal Heart and Chest
all of the following are sonographic signs of Ebstein anomaly except: enlarged right atrium fetal hydrops narrowing of the aortic arch malpositioned tricupid valve
narrowing of the aortic arch
the MC sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is
triangular echogenic mass within the chest
an EIF would most likely be associated with
trisomy 21
the embryonic heart begins as
two tubes
the normal fetal heart will fill approximately ___ of the fetal chest
1/3
the fetal heart is fully formed by
10 weeks
what is an opening within the septum that separates the right and left ventricles?
VSD
tetrology of fallot consists of all of the following except: overriding aortic root VSD pulmonary stenosis left ventricular hypertrophy
left ventricular hypertrophy
a separate mass of nonfunctioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as
pulmonary sequestration
the MC fetal cardiac tumor is the
rhadomyoma
which of the following is considered to be the MC heart defect
VSD
The mitral valve is located
between left atrium and left ventricle
the tricuspid valve is located
between right atrium and right ventricle
the narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative of
coarctation of the aorta
the MC cause of cardiac malposition is a
diaphragmatic hernia
the visualization of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicative of
diaphragmatic hernia
what is the fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch
ductus arteriosis
what structure shunts blood from the IVC into the umbilical vein
ductus venosus
the condition in which the heart is located outside of the chest wall
ectopic cordis
a coexisting pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of
fetal hydrops
the MC form of diaphragmatic hernia is the
foramen of bochdalek
what is the opening located right anteromedially within the diaphragm?
foramen of morgagni
what is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial septum
foramen ovale
all of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of cantrell execpt: oomphalocele gastroschisis cleft sternum diaphragmatic hernia
gastroschisis
A group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent left ventricle
hypoplastic left heart syndrome
a group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent right ventricle
hypoplastic right heart syndrome
eventration of the diaphragm is best described as
lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm
fetal lung maturity can be assessed using the
lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (LS)
the blood returning from the lungs through the pulmonary veins enters into the
left atrium
which chamber is located closest to the fetal spine
left atrium
an EIF is most often seen within the
left ventricle
which of the following is not a true statement about the normal fetal heart: the ventricular septum should be the same thickness as the left ventricular wall there is a normal opening within the atrial septum tricuspid valve is between the right atrium/ventricle mitral valve is positioned closer to the apex than the tricuspid valve
mitral valve is positioned closer to the apex that the tricuspid valve
The sonographic "bat wing" sign is indicative of
pleural effusion
the accumulation of fluid around the lungs is termed
pleural effusion
what is described as the absence of the pulmonary valve, which in turn prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and essentially the lungs
pulmonary atresia
what is the term for underdevelopment of the lungs?
pulmonary hypoplasia
the moderator band is located within the
right ventricle
what bests describes transposition of the great vessels
the PA arises from the left ventricle and the AO arises from the right ventricle
describe the fetal outflow tracts
the normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and be visualized crossing over it
which of the following are fetal rhabdomyomas associated with: tracheoesophageal fistulas tuberous sclerosis eventration of the diaphragm tuberculosis
tuberous sclerosis