The Integumentary System (Chapter 5)
This layer of the dermis provides an arena for immune cells to fight off invaders and give rise to fingerprints. a. Reticular lamina b. Basal lamina c. Reticular dermis d. Papillary dermis e. Dermal papillae
Dermal papillae
All of the following cells are found in the skin EXCEPT a. Keratinocytes b. Melanocytes c. Merkel cells d. Langerhans cells e. Kupffer cells
Kupffer cells
The stratum basale a. is easily shed when you rub your hands together b. has a mixture of living and dead cells - mostly dead c. contains many blood vessels that nourish the epidermis d. contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells. e. contains cells that undergo meiosis to form new epidermal cells.
contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells.
Body fat in the hypodermis varies with age and sex. helps regulate body temperature. provides protection against infection. is a thin layer in infants. connects the dermis with the epidermis.
varies with age and sex.
Which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin exposed to ultraviolet light? vitamin A vitamin B vitamin C vitamin D vitamin E
vitamin D
The hypodermis a. Acts as an insulator to underlying organs or tissues b. Primary location for hair follicles c. Connects the dermis to the epidermis d. Produces keratin to maintain strength and water-proofing property e. None of the above
Acts as an insulator to underlying organs or tissues
Melanocytes a. are spidery-shaped cells in contact with cells in the b. stratum basale c. Forms structures called melanosomes d. Produces a substance incorporated by other cells e. All answers are correct
All answers are correct
Which of the following statements is most correct for burns? a. The rule of 9 is used to assess the severity of burn b. The primary goal in treating burn patients is fluid resuscitation c. The classification of degree of burn is based on the depth of tissue involvement d. All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following statements is most correct for burns? a. The rule of 9 is used to assess the severity of burn b. The primary goal in treating burn patients is fluid resuscitation c. The classification of degree of burn is based on the depth of tissue involvement d. All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following statements is most correct for melanocytes? a. Shield DNA from UV light b. concentration of cells similar in all ethnicities c. concentrated in the stratum basale d. all of the above e. only A & C are correct
All of the above
The sloughing off of older cells from the surface of the skin is called pollination. keratinization. melaninization. germination. Desquamination
Desquamination
Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of: a. Absorbing material applied to the surface layer of the skin b. Utilizing the products of merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis c. The outer layer of the skin does not require nutrients because the external layer of cells is not living. e. Diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.
Diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.
Which of the following statements concerning the hypodermis is false? Hypodermis is referred to as subcutaneous tissue. Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers. The main cell types of the hypodermis are fibroblasts, fat cells, and macrophages. The hypodermis attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle. The hypodermis is a site of fat storage
Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers.
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the epidermis? a. It is keratinized. b. Blood vessels travel from the dermis to the outer layers through special channels. c. All of the cells in the epidermis reproduce rapidly. d. It is made mostly of areolar connective tissue. e. Both A and C are correct.
It is keratinized.
The function of melanin is to a. make skin tough and waterproof b. Connect the epidermis to the dermis c. Provide flexibility to skin d. Provide nutrients to dying epidermal cells e. Protect skin from ultraviolet light
Protect skin from ultraviolet light
The layer of the skin from which new epidermal cells are derived is the a. Stratum corneum b. Stratum basale c. Stratum lucidum d. Dermis e. Reticular layer
Stratum basale
The reproducing cells of the epidermis are found in the a. Stratum basale b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum lucidum d. Stratum corneum e. All of these layers contains reproducing cells
Stratum basale
The outermost layer of the epidermis is the: a. Stratum lucidum b. Reticular layer c. Stratum corneum d. Superficial fascia e. stratum basale
Stratum corneum
The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement? a. Stratum corneum b. Stratum granulosum c. Stratum germinativum d. Stratum lucidum
Stratum germinativum
All of the following statements about the epidermis are correct EXCEPT a. granules of keratin are manufactured in cells of the stratum basale b. epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium composed mainly of keratinocytes c. cells found in the epidermis include keratinocytes, melanocytes, and Langerhans cells. d. Stratum lucidum is a major feature of thin skin
Stratum lucidum is a major feature of thin skin
Which of the following is not correct concerning the skin? a. The dermis is usually thicker than the epidermis b. The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium c. The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis d. The dermis contains smooth muscle and nerve tissue e. The skin contains some immune system cells
The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis
Oxygen consumption by the cells in the stratum basale is _________________ oxygen consumption by cells in the stratrum corneum. a. Typically greater than b. Never greater than c. Always less than d. Always the same as
Typically greater than
All of the following are functions of skin EXCEPT a. Protection b. Vitamin C synthesis c. Thermoregulation d. Sense organ activity
Vitamin C synthesis
Sweat glands aid in cooling the body. serve as "anchors" for the arrector pili muscles. produce a secretion that oils the hair and skin. produce a secretion that protects the body from growth of bacteria. are not involved in the homeostasis of body temperature.
aid in cooling the body.
After sustaining a laceration to the forearm, you were brought to the ER for management. In the ER, the physician made a comment that he can see muscle and tendon. Which layers were cut? a. stratum corneum b. dermis c. hypodermis e. all of the above
all of the above
Melanin production can be influenced by genetics. hormones. exposure to sunlight. pregnancy. all of these
all of these
Mammary glands are a. merocrine glands b. apocrine glands c. holocrine glands d. all of the above
apocrine glands
Keratinocytes produce skin pigments in cell organelles called melanosomes. are found in both the dermal and the epidermal layers of the skin. are special cells of the immune system. are responsible for the permeability characteristics of the epidermis. determine thickness of the skin.
are responsible for the permeability characteristics of the epidermis.
The papillary region of the dermis consists mostly of: a. areolar connective tissue. b. adipose tissue. c. smooth muscle. d. stratified squamous epithelium. e. dense irregular connective tissue.
areolar connective tissue.
Nourishment to cells in the epidermis is provided by: a. blood vessels running through the stratum basale b. keratinocytes c. blood vessels in the dermal papillae d. bacteria that live in sebaceous glands e. Both A and C are correct
blood vessels in the dermal papillae
The most common forms of skin cancer are all caused, at least in part, by: a. chronic dryness of skin. b. oversecretion by sudoriferous glands. c. chronic exposure to sunlight. d. overproduction of keratin. e. chronically reduced blood flow in the dermis.
chronic exposure to sunlight.
The stratum basale is easily shed when you rub your hands together. has a mixture of living and dead cells - mostly dead. contains many blood vessels that nourish the epidermis. contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells. contains cells that undergo meiosis to form new epidermal cells.
contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells.
The first threat to life from a massive third degree burn is a.infection b. dehydration c. unbearable pain d. both a and c are correct
dehydration
The reticular layer of the dermis consists mostly of: a. areolar connective tissue. b. adipose tissue. c. smooth muscle. d. Stratified squamous epithelium. e. dense irregular connective tissue.
dense irregular connective tissue.
Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of a. absorbing material applied to the surface layer of the skin b. utilizing the products of the merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis c. the outer layer of the skin does not require nutrients because the external layer of cells is not living. d. diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the epidermis.
diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the epidermis.
Keratinocytes are the predominant cells in the: a. epidermis b. papillary region of the dermis c. reticular region of the dermis d. subcutaneous layer e. All of the above are correct
epidermis
With aging, individuals tend to feel colder and usually need the thermostat in their home set higher in the winter to feel warm enough. This is probably because the elderly a. no longer experience hot flashes at night b. exhibit a decrease in melanin production c. experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer d. have less blood flowing to the skin e. have an increase in desquamation
experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer
The epidermis is responsible for protecting the body against invasion of bacteria and other foreign agents primarily because it is composed of a. stratified columnar epithelium b. three layers of keratinized cells only c. four different cell types found in five distinct layers, each with a special function e. a tough layer of connective tissue
four different cell types found in five distinct layers, each with a special function
Glandular tissues that self-destruct in order to function are referred to as a. merocrine b. apocrine c. endocrine d. holocrine
holocrine
All of the following are accessory structure of the integumentary system EXCEPT a. nails b. hypodermis c. multicellular exocrine glands d. hair
hypodermis
All of the following are accessory structures of the integumentary system EXCEPT a. nails b. hypodermis c. multicellular exocrine glands d. hair e. sweat glands
hypodermis
Cyanosis is indicative of: a. lack of tyrosinase. b. liver disease. c. inflammation. d. insufficient oxygen in blood. e. patchy loss of melanocytes.
insufficient oxygen in blood.
Cyanosis is indicative of a. lack of tyrosinase b. liver disease c. inflammation d. insufficient oxygen in the blood e. patchy loss of melanocytes
insufficient oxygen in the blood
Thick skin has three different epidermal strata. has fewer layers of cells in the stratum corneum than thin skin. is found covering most of the body. is found in areas subject to pressure or friction such as palms. is determined by the thickness of the dermis.
is found in areas subject to pressure or friction such as palms.
The dermis a. contains no blood vessels b. functions as padding and insulation c. is divided into three distinct layers d. is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength e. does not contain connective tissue
is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength
The dermis contains no blood vessels. functions as padding and insulation. is divided into three distinct layers. is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength. does not contain connective tissue.
is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength.
All of the following statements are correct for the dermis EXCEPT a. it is a highly vascularized connective tissue layer b. it has two distinct layers c. it contains sensory corpuscles and glands d. it is where melanocytes are found
it is where melanocytes are found
The stratum corneum is: a. the innermost layer of the epidermis. b. highly vascular. c. made up of dead cells. d. seen only in the palms and soles. e. the layer in which keratin begins to form.
made up of dead cells.
The function of keratin is to: a. make bone hard b. make skin tough and waterproof c. protect skin from ultraviolet light d. provided added pigment to the skin of Asian races e. provide nourishment to the epidermal cells
make skin tough and waterproof
Absorption of damaging light rays is the primary function of: a. keratin b. sebum c. cerumen d. melanin e. Keratohyalin
melanin
The _________ layer of the dermis contains capillary loops from which nutrients diffuse to nourish the epidermis. a. papillary layer b. reticular layer c. macular layer d. stratum basale e. none of the above
papillary layer
Just beneath the stratum basale of the epidermis is the: a. stratum corneum of the epidermis. b. hypodermis. c. reticular layer of the dermis. d. papillary regions of the dermis. e. skeletal muscle.
papillary regions of the dermis.
Vitamin C is essential for normal collagen synthesis. If a child suffered from a vitamin C deficiency, which layer of the skin would be most affected? reticular layer of dermis stratum corneum stratum granulosum epidermis stratum basale
reticular layer of dermis
in a(n) _______ degree burn, the epidermis and upper region of the dermis are damaged. Blistering is common. a. first b. second c. third d. fourth e. none of the above
second
Barney sat on a hot camp stove while on a camping trip. The burn was painful and blistered. His wound was what type of burn? first degree second degree third degree fourth degree fifth degree
second degree
The stratum basale contains: a. stem cells of keratinocytes b. many blood vessels c. eccrine sweat glands d. hair follicles e. Both A and B are correct
stem cells of keratinocytes
The epidermis is made up of: a. dense irregular connective tissue b. stratified squamous epithelium c. areolar connective tissue d. smooth muscle e. All of the above are correct
stratified squamous epithelium
Which of the following represents the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial? stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneum stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, stratum basale, and stratum spinosum stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, and stratum granulosum stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
Which of the following is most superficial? a.stratum basale b. papillary region of the dermis c. hypodermis d. stratum granulosum e. stratum corneum
stratum corneum
Melanocytes are most commonly found in the a. stratum germinativum b. stratum granulosum c. stratum lucidum d. stratum spinosum e. stratum corneum
stratum germinativum
The deepest layer of the epidermis is a. stratum germinativum b. stratum spinosum c. stratum lucidum d. stratum corneum e. stratum granulosum
stratum germinativum (basale)
A very thin layer in the epidermis called the ______ _______ and is visible only in thick skin. a. stratum germinativum b. stratum spinosum c. stratum lucidum d. stratum corneum e. stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
Which of the following is present in thick skin but not in thin skin? a. stratum germinativum b. stratum lucidum c. stratum corneum d. stratum granulosum e. dermal papillae
stratum lucidum
Fat storage is an important function of the: a. epidermis. b. papillary region of the dermis. c. reticular region of the dermis. d. subcutaneous layer. e. All of the above except the epidermis.
subcutaneous layer.
Sweat is produced by: a. keratinocytes. b. melanocytes. c. ceruminous glands. d. sudoriferous glands. e. sebaceous glands.
sudoriferous glands.
All of the following are functions associated with the skin EXCEPT a. maintenance of body temperature b. excretions of salts, organic wastes, and water c. protection of underlying structures d. sensory function e. synthesis of vitamin B
synthesis of vitamin B
Goosebumps occur due to: a. overstimulation of secretion from sudoriferous glands b. overstimulation of secretion from sebaceous glands c. separation of the epidermis from the dermis d. vasodilation of blood vessels in the skin e. the action of arrector pili muscles as they raise hairs to an upright position
the action of arrector pili muscles as they raise hairs to an upright position
When comparing the dermis with the hypodermis, the dermis has more fat cells than the hypodermis. the dermis is a more vascular tissue than the hypodermis. the dermis is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not. the dermis contains melanocytes; the hypodermis does not. the dermis and the hypodermis do not contain collagen
the dermis is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not.
The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is because a. it is located just below the epidermis and protects the dermis from shock b. it has no delicate nerve ending and can therefore absorb more shock c. the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber d. the cells that make up the hypodermis secrete a protective mucus
the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber
Skin color is the result of the quantity of melanin in the skin. the number of keratinocytes in the skin. the amount of fat in the hypodermis. the thickness of the stratum basale. the number of melanocytes in the skin.
the quantity of melanin in the skin.