The Paper Chase: Cumulative Knowledge

Federalist Papers

Supreme Court Judges often refer to the ____ when making Constitutional decisions

Bill of Rights

The Anti-Federalists argued that a ____would protect the rights and freedoms of individuals

Taxes

The Anti-Federalists believed that Congress would ruin the country with ____

Republican Government

The Anti-Federalists felt that a ____ could not work on a national scale

National Scale

The Anti-Federalists felt that a republican government could not work on a?

National Government

The Anti-Federalists felt that the ____ was too strong and the states were too weak

Strong

The Anti-Federalists felt that the national government was too ____ and the states were too weak

States

The Anti-Federalists felt that the national government was too strong and the ____ were too weak

Weak

The Anti-Federalists felt that the national government was too strong and the states were too ____

Opposed

The Anti-Federalists were ____ to the new Constitution

Publius

Under what name were the Federalist Papers published?

9

In order for the Constitution to become the law of the land, how many of the 13 states would have to ratify it?

Patrick Henry

P___ was an Anti-Federalist leader who opposed ratifying the Constitution

Approve

Ratify means to?

James Madison

Who wrote about the structure of the new government?

John Jay

Who wrote essays focused on foreign policy?

Alexander Hamilton

Who wrote most of the essays focusing on the defects of the Articles of Confederation?

Anti-Federalist

"...State Legislatures have no security for the powers now presumed to remain to them, or the People for their Rights." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Anti-Federalist

"A bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular, and what no just government should refuse or rest on inference." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Federalist

"A strong national government secures the liberty of the people." Who would support this position, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Federalist

"Among the most formidable of the obstacles which the new Constitution will have to encounter may readily be distinguished the obvious interest of a certain class of men in every State to resist all changes which may hazard a diminution of the power, emolument (compensation), and consequence of the offices they hold under the State establishments; and the perverted ambition of another class of men, who will either hope to aggrandize (enhance) themselves by the confusions of their country, or will flatter themselves with fairer prospects of elevation from the subdivision of the empire into several partial confederacies than from its union under one government." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Federalist

"I do not conceive we can exist long as a nation without having...a power which will pervade the whole Union..." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Anti-Federalist

"If you make the citizens of this country agree to become the subjects of one great consolidated (united) empire of America, your government will not have sufficient energy to keep them together. Such a government is incompatible with the genius of republicanism. There will be no checks, no real balances, in this government." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Federalist

"In a single republic, all the power surrendered by the people is submitted to the administration of a single government; and the usurpations (seizures) are guarded against by a division of the government into distinct and separate departments. In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments. Hence a double security arises to the rights of the people. The different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Federalist

"In our case, the concurrence (cooperation) of thirteen distinct sovereign wills is requisite, under the Confederation, to the complete execution of every important measure that proceeds from the Union. It has happened as was to have been foreseen. The measures of the Union have not been executed; the delinquencies (failures) of the States have, step by step, matured themselves to an extreme, which has, at length, arrested all the wheels of the national government, and brought them to an awful stand." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Federalist

"Repeated violations of these parchment barriers have been committed by overbearing majorities in every State." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Anti-Federalist

"State governments do not have enough power to protect the people's rights." Who would support this position, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Federalist

"TO WHAT expedient (means), then, shall we finally resort, for maintaining in practice the necessary partition of power among the several departments as laid down in the Constitution? The only answer that can be given is, that as all these exterior provisions are found to be inadequate, the defect must be supplied, by so contriving the interior structure of the government as that its several constituent parts may, by their mutual relations, be the means of keeping each other in their proper places." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Anti-Federalist

"The Confederation, this despised government, merits, in my opinion, the highest encomium (praise)— it carried us through a long and dangerous war; it rendered us victorious in that bloody conflict with a powerful nation; it has secured us a territory greater than any European monarch possesses—and shall a government which has been thus strong and vigorous (forceful), be accused of imbecility (stupidity), and abandoned for want of energy? Consider what you are about to do before you part with the government." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Anti-Federalist

"The Constitution does not spell out specific protections such as a right to a trial by jury." Who would support this position, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Federalist

"The Constitution is better equipped to handle the problems of a growing republic." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Federalist

"The State Declarations of Rights are not repealed by this Constitution; and being in force are sufficient." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Anti-Federalist

"The laws of the general government being paramount to the laws and constitutions of the several states, the Declaration of Rights in the separate states are no security." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Anti-Federalist

"The national government does not secure the rights of the people." Who would support this position, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Anti-Federalist

"The people are entitled to a bill of rights and no government should be without one." Who would support this position, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Federalist

"The state Constitutions have bill of rights so it isn't necessary for the national government to have a bill of rights." Who would support this position, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Federalist

"The vigor of government is essential to the security of liberty." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Anti-Federalist

"There is no Declaration of any kind for preserving the Liberty of the Press, the Trial by Jury neither in civil Causes; nor against the Danger of standing Armies in time of Peace..." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Anti-Federalist

"This Constitution is said to have beautiful features; but when I come to examine these features, sir, they appear to me horribly frightful. Among other deformities, it has an awful squinting; it squints toward monarchy, and does not this raise indignation in the breast of every true American? Your president may easily become king...Where are your checks in this government? Your strongholds will be in the hands of your enemies." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Anti-Federalist

"Those furious zealots (fanatics) who are for cramming it down the throats of the people, without allowing them either time or opportunity to scan or weigh it in the balance of their understandings, bear the same marks in their features as those who have been long wishing to erect an aristocracy in THIS COMMONWEALTH." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Anti-Federalist

"Under this new Constitution, the executive has too much power." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Anti-Federalist

"Under this new government, what will happen to the rights of the states?" Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Federalist

"We have tried to present the balance between the national and state governments under a federal system, but the states have refused to listen." Who would support this position, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Anti-Federalist

"We need a guarantee of individual rights." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Federalist

"We need a strong national government." Who would say this, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Federalist

"With a weak national government, the country is subject to be taken over by another country." Who would support this position, a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Voters

A Republic is a nation in which ____ choose representatives to govern them

Rights and Freedoms

A bill of rights was needed to protect the ____ of individuals

Republic

A nation in which voters choose representatives to govern them is known as a?

George Mason

G____ was an Anti-Federalist leader who opposed ratifying the Constitution

Alexander Hamilton

A____ was a Federalist leader who fought for ratification of the Constitution

Defects

Alexander Hamilton wrote most of the essays focusing on the ____ of the Articles of Confederation

Federalist Papers

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay outlined their support for the Constitution and their problems with the Articles of Confederation by writing down their arguments in 85 essays that would be called the?

Federalists

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay were leaders of which group?

John Jay

As a diplomat, he dealt with the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation --> Who is being described?

Elbridge Gerry

E____ was an Anti-Federalist leader who opposed ratifying the Constitution

President

Excluding the national government, the Anti-Federalists also felt that the ____ had too much power

John Jay

J____ was a Federalist leader who fought for ratification of the Constitution

James Madison

Ja____ was a Federalist leader who fought for ratification of the Constitution

Structure

James Madison wrote about the ____ of the new government

First Political Parties

The Federalists and Anti-Federalists would become the ____ in the United States

Unite

The Federalists argued that a strong national government would ____ the 13 states into a republic

Strong National Government

The Federalists argued that the new Constitution would create a?

Constitution

The Federalists supported the?

Anti-Federalist Papers

The articles and speeches that were written in response to the Federalist Papers are called the?

Constitution

The delegation from Virginia wanted to throw out the Articles of Confederation and write a new?

Virginia

The delegation from which state wanted to throw out the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution?

Bill of Rights

The strongest argument that the Anti-Federalists had was that the Constitution did not have a?

State governments do not have enough power to protect the people's rights.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "...State Legislatures have no security for the powers now presumed to remain to them, or the People for their Rights."

The people are entitled to a bill of rights and no government should be without one.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "A bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular, and what no just government should refuse or rest on inference."

Many individuals are opposed to the new Constitution because they fear that it will take away from the power they currently have or diminish their political standing.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "Among the most formidable of the obstacles which the new Constitution will have to encounter may readily be distinguished the obvious interest of a certain class of men in every State to resist all changes which may hazard a diminution of the power, emolument (compensation), and consequence of the offices they hold under the State establishments; and the perverted ambition of another class of men, who will either hope to aggrandize (enhance) themselves by the confusions of their country, or will flatter themselves with fairer prospects of elevation from the subdivision of the empire into several partial confederacies than from its union under one government."

With a weak national government the country is subject to be taken over by another country.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "I do not conceive we can exist long as a nation without having...a power which will pervade the whole Union..."

There is no way that a centralized government could keep together all of the states within it.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "If you make the citizens of this country agree to become the subjects of one great consolidated (united) empire of America, your government will not have sufficient energy to keep them together. Such a government is incompatible with the genius of republicanism. There will be no checks, no real balances, in this government."

The Constitution offers its citizens the greatest protection from abuse by having separation of powers and checks and balances.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "In a single republic, all the power surrendered by the people is submitted to the administration of a single government; and the usurpations (seizures) are guarded against by a division of the government into distinct and separate departments. In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments. Hence a double security arises to the rights of the people. The different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself."

Under the Confederation, the national government has been ineffective because of the inability to get the 13 states to agree on each measure.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "In our case, the concurrence (cooperation) of thirteen distinct sovereign wills is requisite, under the Confederation, to the complete execution of every important measure that proceeds from the Union. It has happened as was to have been foreseen. The measures of the Union have not been executed; the delinquencies (failures) of the States have, step by step, matured themselves to an extreme, which has, at length, arrested all the wheels of the national government, and brought them to an awful stand."

The Federalist have tried to present the balance between the national and state governments under a federal system and the states have refused to listen.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "Repeated violations of these parchment barriers have been committed by overbearing majorities in every State."

Each branch of government will serve as a check on the other branches and therefore prevent any abuse of power from taking place.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "TO WHAT expedient (means), then, shall we finally resort, for maintaining in practice the necessary partition of power among the several departments as laid down in the Constitution? The only answer that can be given is, that as all these exterior provisions are found to be inadequate, the defect must be supplied, by so contriving the interior structure of the government as that its several constituent parts may, by their mutual relations, be the means of keeping each other in their proper places."

The Articles of Confederation have gotten the country through some difficult times and should not be discarded.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "The Confederation, this despised government, merits, in my opinion, the highest encomium (praise)— it carried us through a long and dangerous war; it rendered us victorious in that bloody conflict with a powerful nation; it has secured us a territory greater than any European monarch possesses—and shall a government which has been thus strong and vigorous (forceful), be accused of imbecility (stupidity), and abandoned for want of energy? Consider what you are about to do before you part with the government."

The Federalists believed that a more unified country would be better equipped to handle problems.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "The Constitution is better equipped to handle the problems of a growing republic."

The national government does not secure the rights of the people.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "The laws of the general government being paramount to the laws and constitutions of the several states, the Declaration of Rights in the separate states are no security."

A strong national government secures the liberty of the people.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "The vigor of government is essential to the security of liberty."

The Constitution does not spell out specific protections such as a right to a trial by jury.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "There is no Declaration of any kind for preserving the Liberty of the Press, the Trial by Jury neither in civil Causes; nor against the Danger of standing Armies in time of Peace..."

The Constitution has many problems with it. There is a likelihood of the country falling back into a monarchy and there are no real checks on the power of government.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "This Constitution is said to have beautiful features; but when I come to examine these features, sir, they appear to me horribly frightful. Among other deformities, it has an awful squinting; it squints toward monarchy, and does not this raise indignation in the breast of every true American? Your president may easily become king...Where are your checks in this government? Your strongholds will be in the hands of your enemies."

The individuals who are pushing for the Constitution are the same ones who support going back to a monarchy.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "Those furious zealots (fanatics) who are for cramming it down the throats of the people, without allowing them either time or opportunity to scan or weigh it in the balance of their understandings, bear the same marks in their features as those who have been long wishing to erect an aristocracy in THIS COMMONWEALTH."

According to the Anti-Federalists, the Constitution gave the president too much power.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "Under this new Constitution, the executive has too much power."

The Anti-Federalists felt the federal government was too strong and the states were too weak.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "Under this new government, what will happen to the rights of the states?"

The Anti-Federalists strongest argument was that there was not a bill of rights to protect individual freedoms.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "We need a guarantee of individual rights."

The Federalists were supporters of a strong national government.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "We need a strong national government."

The state Constitutions have bill of rights so it isn't necessary for the national government to have a bill of rights.

What is the main idea of this quote --> "The State Declarations of Rights are not repealed by this Constitution; and being in force are sufficient."

Revise

When the delegates first met in 1787, their initial purpose was to ____ the Articles of Confederation

Articles of Confederation

When the delegates first met in 1787, their initial purpose was to revise the?

Anti-Federalists

Which group opposed the Constitution?

Federalists

Which group supported the Constitution?

Federalist

Who believed that a more unified country would be better equipped to handle problems?

Anti-Federalist

Who believed the Constitution gave the president too much power?

Anti-Federalist

Who felt the federal government was too strong and the states were too weak?

Patrick Henry

Who opposed the Constitution on the grounds that it threatened the rights of states and individuals?

George Mason

Who refused to sign the Constitution and led the fight against ratification in Virginia?

Elbridge Gerry

Who refused to sign the Constitution because he objected to certain provisions as inadequate and dangerous?

John Jay

Who served as Secretary of Foreign Affairs from 1784-1789?

Patrick Henry

Who was the leading opponent of ratification?

Anti-Federalist

Who would make a strong argument that there was not a bill of rights to protect individual freedoms?

Federalist

Who would support a strong national government?