The PICOT Question
What are the perceptions of (blank) about (blank)? "Registered nurses working in a children's hospital" is the (blank). "Double-checking medications" is the (blank)
1. registered nurses working in a children's hospital 2. double-checking medications 3.population 4. outcome
While conducting a literature review, Amy reviews the research conducted by Alsulami et al. (2014). Read each statement below and indicate if it is the purpose statement, problem statement, or methods statement.
Methods statement: "A questionnaire was developed consisting of 20 multiple-choice and open-ended questions, divided into two sections" (Alsulami et al., 2014, p. 22). Purpose statement: This study aimed to evaluate nurses' knowledge, perceptions and opinions of double-checking for medicines administration in one hospital" (Alsulami et al., 2014, p. 22). Problem statement: "Three studies have focused on the double-checking policies of medication administration in children's hospitals, and all of them showed that the double-checking process needed more clarification and explanation for nurses in practice" (Alsulami et al., 2014, p. 22).
(5/6) "In adult inpatients, does use of the "No CAUTI" bundle impact the rates of indwelling catheter usage over a six-month period?" In the above PICOT question, which element is missing?
Comparison
Which element of the PICOT question is missing in this example? "In overweight adults with hypertension, does changing diet and exercise result in weight loss and reduced blood pressure within a three-month time period?"
Comparison
(2/6) What did the author of the study identify as the research problem?
No studies investigating the effects of reducing indwelling catheter use on CAUTI rates in an acute care setting were found.
(6/6) Identify each statement as either the null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.
Null Hypothesis: In adult inpatients, there is no difference in the rate of indwelling catheter usage when using the "No CAUTI" bundle. Alternative hypothesis: In adult inpatients, there is a reduction in the rate of indwelling catheter usage when using the "No CAUTI" bundle.
Which type of hypothesis states that there is no difference between two groups?
Null hypothesis
Match the elements of PICOT to the correct letter in the acronym.
P Information about the population or problem of interest I Indicates what the population will be exposed to C Identifies the standard or alternative treatment option O Indicates the outcome that will be measured T Identifies the time period of the study
Amy, a nurse researcher, is curious about why more medication errors occur on the night shift and on weekends. She begins to form a research question. Which important step in the process has been skipped?
Performing a literature review
While conducting the literature review, Amy reviews the research conducted by Alsulami et al. (2014). What type of study design does the research represent?
Quantitative
(4/6) The purpose statement reads, "The primary aim of the study is to reduce indwelling catheter usage rates by reducing inappropriate urinary catheterization and duration of catheterization" (Parker et al., 2017, p. 3). Though not explicitly stated, what does the nurse anticipate the PICOT question will look like? Drag the terms to correctly complete this question.
Adult inpatients Use of the "No CAUTI" bundle Indwelling catheter usage six-month period
(Q1/6) Why is the study being conducted? Select all that apply.
CAUTIs are the main cause of UTIs in hospitalized clients. CAUTIs are the most preventable healthcare-associated infection. A major component in the effort to reduce CAUTIs is timely catheter removal. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common healthcare-associated infection.
Match the elements of research question appraisal to the correct letter in the acronym.
F Are there enough participants to power the study? I Is the question interesting? N Does the study confirm or refute previous findings or provide new findings? E Does the study cause unacceptable risk to participants? R Is the question relevant to scientific knowledge, clinical and health policy, or future research directions?
Identify whether the PICOT statement is for a quantitative or qualitative research design.
Quantitative: In surgical clients, does wearing a mask during dressing changes compared to not wearing a mask during dressing changes impact the incidence of surgical site infections? In adult clients with total hip replacements, does PCA pain medication compared to PRN IM pain medication impact post-operative pain control during the first two days post-procedure? Qualitative: How do pregnant clients newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus perceive reporting their blood sugar levels to their healthcare providers during pregnancy? What are the perceptions of pregnant adolescents regarding accessing prenatal care?
(3/6) Read each statement and indicate if it is the purpose statement, research design, or neither.
Research design: "The study will employ a multiple pre-post control intervention using a phased mixed-method approach" (Parker et al., 2017, p. 3 of 9). Purpose statement: "The primary aim of the study is to reduce indwelling catheter usage rates by reducing inappropriate urinary catheterization and duration of catheterization" (Parker et al., 2017, p. 3 of 9). Neither: the other 2 statements.
Identify which elements of the PICOT question are missing, if any. Each question may have more than one missing element. If nothing is missing, select 'None Missing.'
Time: In surgical clients, does wearing a mask during dressing changes compared to not wearing a mask during dressing changes impact the incidence of surgical site infections? Intervention & Comparison: How do pregnant clients newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus perceive reporting their blood sugar levels to their healthcare providers during pregnancy? None missing: In adult clients with total hip replacements, does PCA pain medication compared to PRN intramuscular (IM) pain medication impact post-operative pain control during the first two days post-procedure? *None for population
