The Pleural Cavity

Reflection

Where pleura is turning back on itself pleura is one continuous layer.

Trachealis muscle

closes cartilaginous rings and makes flat side of tube.

Primary Bronchi (right and left main bronchi)

each goes to lung. located outside lung

Bronchopulmonary segments

segments that lungs are divided into. Right lung has 10 and left lung has 8

Lungs: Apex

top of lung, fits into cervical pleura/cupula. Base of neck. Subclavian artery close to.

Impression of right lung

Superior vena cava, Azygous, and cardiac impression.

Lobes of right lung

Superior, middle, and inferior lobe.

Two pulmonary veins

2 on each lung. Oxygenated blood anterior and inferior from bronchus. Do not follow branching of bronchi. Follow border of bronchopulmonary segment can drain multiple.

Secondary bronchi(lobar bronchi)

2 on left and 3 on right. located inside lung

The air conducting system: Trachea

20 C shaped cartilages- start at base of larynx and go down. Lower part of trachea is in thorax.

Right lung

3 lobes, shorter but fills up more of cavity because heart is off to left. More volume.

Lobes of left lung

Superior lobe, inferior lobe

Pneumothorax

Air gets into pleural cavity. Negative air pressure as long as lung stays inflated if get air in pleural cavity destroys negative pressure. Can happen due to trauma, spontaneously, air gets in from outside-open pneumothorax. Closed would be leaking from lungs.

Costodiaphragmatic recess

Allows for space for lung to expand if it needs to. Empty space at inferior limit of lung.

Costomediastinal recess

Anterior part of left pleural cavity where lung can't get in because too narrow.

Pleural recesses

Areas of pleural cavity that do not have lung tissue filling them during quiet respiration.

Bifurcation

At sternal angle T4 vertebral level.

Base

Bottom of lung, touches the diaphragm.

Lymphatic vessels and nodes

Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes. Black filter dust and carbon from air.

Sup-Inf dimension

Diaphragm contracts and moves in inferior dimension. Primary muscle of respiration increases volume in superior to inferior dimension. Primary movement. Quiet respiration. Enlarge thoracic cavity in order to increase size of lungs and bring air in.

Transverse dimension

Elevation of ribs. Ribs angled downward and anteriorly like bucket handle. Raising ribs increases left to right direction. Secondary. Forced respiration

Ant-post dimension

Elevation of sternum increases anterior to posterior dimension of thorax. Like pump handle. tertiary. Forced respiration.

Mediastinal surface

Everything facing medial

Aspiration

If aspirate will most likely go to right lung because shorter wider and straighter primary bronchi. Right main bronchus shorter and wider and straighter than left. Left has to cross more over heart so is longer, narrower and sharper angle.

Movements of the thoracic wall

Increase volume in three dimensions. Increases volume in order to bring air in.

Mediastinal pleura

Makes up medial wall of each pleural cavity.

Anterior and posterior pulmonary plexi

Parasympathetic nerve fibers- from vagus nerve 10th cranial. sympathetic nerve fibers- thoracic spinal cord.

Cervical pleura (cupola)

Part of the pleura that extends through superior thoracic aperture. Lung extends into neck.

Costal Pleura

Pleura that attaches to ribs/ body wall. Adherent to wall of thorax.

pulmonary artery

Right and left. Carry deoxygenated blood. Anterior of bronchus and superior. Division will parallel bronchi. only goes to one bronchopulmonary segment.

Root of lung (hilum)

Stuff going in and out of lung, is surrounded by pleura.

Left lung

Superior lobe and inferior lobe, 2 lobes. Cardiac notch. Lingula

The Pleura

Two layers: layers of serous CT that secretes fluid to keep layers moist and lubricate. Also provides medium to stick two surfaces together like glass slabs. Cohesion between layers of pleura. Helps keep lungs inflated and maintain inflation.

Costal Surface

Up against rib

Hydrothorax

Water in thorax but means tissue fluid. Infection, injury, inflammation.

Pleural infection

Would cause rubbing sounds due to infection causing inflammation and dryness of tissues.

Impression of left lung

aorta impression and cardiac impression- made by left ventricle

Cardiac notch

apex of heart is over to let and more of heart is located to left making notch. In anterior border of lung.

Visceral pleura

attached to organ, attached to lungs.

Hemothorax

blood in thorax due to most often to trauma, disease, aneurism.

Pulmonary ligament

flap of pleura. Fold of pleura that helps stabilize lung.

Diaphragmatic pleura

layer of pleura that attaches directly to diaphragm.

Fissure of left lung

oblique fissure

Fissures of right lung

oblique fissure and horizontal fissure. Pleura goes down into fissure.

Lingula

on left lung is tag of tissue at inferior limit. Means little tongue.

Parietal pleura

outer wall of pleural cavity

Bronchial arteries and veins

posterior to bronchus. supply oxygen to bronchial tree and tissue of lung. 2 left 1 right.

Carina

ridge in bifurcation of trachea most sensitive part of trachea, last point you can cough up something. Made of cartilage and mucosa.

Contents of root of lung: primary bronchus

right is elongated left is more round. Divide into secondary and tertiary bronchi.

Tertiary bronchi(segmental bronchi)

supply bronchopulmonary segments