The Roman Catholic Church in Medieval Europe
Mendicant
"beggars"; Friars who lived in complete poverty and had to work or beg for food for themselves or the poor (like the Franciscan friars)
Extreme Unction
A blessing in which a person who is in danger of death is blessed by a priest
Eucharist
A central part of the mass; the priest blesses bread and wine to represent the body and blood of Jesus
Pilgrim
A person taking a journey to a holy site
Crusades
A series of military expeditions aimed at capturing Jerusalem for Christians
Age of Faith
A title given to the Middle Ages because of its faith
Thomas Aquinas
An Italian scholar who tried to bridge the gap between reason and faith
Baptism
Entry to the Church; a priest pours water gently over a person's head at the baptismal font
A new form of writing with both upper- and lowercase letters made reading easier; Universities were created for advanced study
Explain two advances in education during the Middle Ages.
Confirmation
Formal declaration of belief in God and the Church
archbishops
Heads of large areas called archdiocese, ranks below cardinals
Priests
Heads of local churches, ranks below bishops
Most art was made for religious purposes. Paintings and sculptures in churches helped people to worship. Since most people couldn't read, art helped to tell the story of Jesus's life or Bible stories in a way everyone could understand.
How did Christianity influence art in the Middle Ages?
Matrimony
Marriage; a formal union blessed by the Church
Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV
Monarch who attempted to declare that Pope Gregory VII was no longer pope, was excommunicated and had to beg forgiveness to reenter the Church
Saint Benedict
The man who developed the monastic way of life in western Europe
Pope Gregory VII
This Church leader who declared that priests should not marry and monarchs should not appoint Church leaders, he excommunicated Henry IV after Henry attempted to remove his power
Saint Francis of Assisi
This individual gave up his wealth, served the poor, and began the Franciscan order
Flying buttresses, gargoyles, stained-glass windows
What are some of the architectural features of a Gothic Cathedral?
nave & transept
What are the two parts of a cross-shaped Medieval church?
provided leadership; organized the distribution of food; provided hospitality to refugees; copied & preserved old texts to keep learning alive; helped to bring new converts to the faith
What roles did the Roman Catholic church play in society after the fall of Rome?
Monasteries
Where monks live, often served as a refuge for pilgrims in the Middle Ages
Constantine
Which Roman Emperor passed the Edict of Milan which gave Christians the right to practice their religion freely?
to show their devotion to God; as an act of penance for their sins; or in hope of being cured of an illness. Popular pilgrimage destinations: Jerusalem, Rome, and Canterbury
Why did people undertake pilgrimages during the Middle Ages and what were some of the popular destinations?
gargoyle
a decorative stone sculpture in the form of a mythical beast; reminded christians of spiritual warfare
Pope
Bishop of Rome; head of the Catholic church in western Europe
Holy Orders
The sacrament in which a man becomes a priest
holy day; Christian saints, events in the life of Jesus, and important religious ideas.
The word 'holiday' comes from ______. What types of things did Christian holidays celebrate?
Cardinals
Catholic officials ranking next below the pope
Penance
Confession of sins to a priest in order to receive God's forgiveness
Bishops
Heads of the Catholic Church in major cities, next ranking Catholic officials below archbishops