The science of psychology chapter 2 practice quiz and test your self

Maria often sleeps soundly and rarely awakens to any outside noise. However, the cries of Maria's baby can awaken her immedi- ately. What part of the brain is responsible for this reaction?

reticular formation

Which part of the brain tends to process information globally?

right hemisphere

Although the brain works largely as a whole, which of the following is not a correct pairing of hemisphere and function?

right; control of right-handed motor functions

If you were suffering from neurological problems and your neurol- ogist wanted to have a study done of your brain and its electrical functioning, which of the following techniques would involve placing metal or sponge-like electrodes directly onto your scalp?

EEG

Felicia is recovering from a brain injury. She is able to speak fluently but often uses incorrect words in a sentence. In one instance at a friend's birthday party, she said, "I would like something to drink. Can I have some battery?" Felicia's problem is known as

Wernicke's aphasia

You have a dream in which you wake up to find that people around you are using words that make no sense. What's more, your friends don't seem to understand you when you speak. At one point in your dream, your mom tells you that you almost forgot your tree limb today. When you give her a puzzled look, she holds up your lunchbox and repeats, "You know, your tree limb." Your predicament in your dream is most like which of the following disorders?

Wernicke's aphasia

. Which neurotransmitter stimulates muscle cells to contract but slows contractions in the heart

acetylcholine (ACh)

The neurons of the sensory pathway contain

afferent neurons

The venom of a black widow spider acts like a(n) by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine

agonist

Heroin mimics the actions of endorphins, inhibiting pain signals and creating a "high" feeling. Heroin is an example of a(n)

agonist.

If you were to develop a rare condition in which you were not able to remember to be afraid of certain situations, animals, or events, which part of the brain would most likely be damaged?

amygdala

Involuntary muscles are controlled by the __________ nervous system.

autonomic

Which part of the neuron carries messages to other cells?

axon

Alexis and Theresa are synchronized swimmers for their college swim team. They often work long hours to ensure the movements in their routine are perfectly timed. What part of their brains must Alexis and Theresa rely most upon?

cerebellum

If your roommate has a problem paying attention, it may be due to damage to this part of the limbic system.

cingulate cortex

Of the following, which is NOT one of the stages of the general adaptation syndrome

compensation

What part of the brain can sometimes be referred to as the "rind" or outer covering?

cortex

What is the process whereby the structure and function of brain cells change in response to trauma, damage, or even learning

deep lesioning

In the structure of the neuron, the __________ receives messages from other cells

dendrite

Dr. Roll is conducting a research study. She wants to measure the connectivity in the research participants' brains by imaging their white matter. Which of the following methods will she use?

diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)

When a neuron is in the resting state, the neuron is nega- tively charged on the _________ and positively charged on the _________

inside; outside

Which of the following techniques involves passing a mild current through the brain to activate certain structures without damaging them, and has become an important technique in psychology?

electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)

Which of the following is associated with pain relief?

endorphins

In which of Selye's stages is death a possible outcome?

exhaustion

Which of the following techniques analyzes blood oxygen levels to examine the functioning of the brain

fMRI

Which one of the following is NOT a function of glial cells?

generating action potentials

Which part of the brain is involved in the creation of memories and is often linked to Alzheimer's disease?

hippocampus

Jaime's grandfather recently suffered a stroke and has had difficulty with language production ever since. Most likely, he has experienced damage to the __________ area of his brain.

left frontal

Yvonne's ability to reach for and pick up her book is largely due to the functions of the _________ pathway of the _________ nervous system.

motor; somatic

Which of the following may surround a neuron's axon, as well as help to speed along electrical impulses?

myelin sheath

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells generate a fatty substance known as

myelin.

Part of the human immune system is the presence of ________ cells, whose primary function is to suppress viruses and destroy tumor cells

natural killer (NK)

When a neuron's resting potential is occurring, the neuron is charged on the inside

negatively

Bailey is a subject in a study on memory and problem solving. The researcher is applying magnetic pulses to her brain through copper wire coils positioned directly above her scalp. Bailey's study would best be described as a(n)

noninvasive stimulation technique

Your friend Melissa has suffered from diabetes for her entire life. She regularly tests her blood to make sure her sugar levels are not too high or low. Which gland in her endocrine system is responsible for regulating her blood sugar?

pancreas

As you take notes, your heart beats at a normal rate. Your breathing is normal and your stomach slowly digests your earlier meal. What division of the peripheral nervous system is currently in action?

parasympathetic

The ability to detect changes in temperature, pressure, and body position is due in part to the functions of the __________ lobe

parietal

Robert has had difficulty sleeping for the past 6 months and his body seemingly no longer differentiates between night and day. His doctor believes the problem lies with Robert's endocrine system. What gland will Robert's physician focus on?

pineal

Which gland(s) is/are known to influence all other glands within the endocrine system?

pituitary gland

Which of the following would be active if you have just had an automobile accident?

sympathetic division

Neurotransmitters must pass from an axon terminal to the next dendrite by crossing a fluid-filled space called the

synaptic gap.

Jessica has suffered a severe blow to the back of her head when she was thrown from her horse. Subsequently, her occipital lobe has been injured. Which of her senses has the highest chance of being affected?

taste and smell

Your psychology professor refers to this as the great sensory relay station of the brain. What part is he or she referring to

thalamus

If you touch a hot stove, your spinal cord can prompt you to with- draw your hand without having to send the message all the way to the brain. This is due to what scientists cal

the reflex arc.

Andrew has always been thin. In fact, he often seems to be able to eat whatever he wants without gaining weight. The doctor told his parents that Andrew's __________ gland is the cause of his fast metabolism.

thyroid