The set to rule all sets
according to modern science the universe is how old
13.8 billion years
Africa's great ape population broke off into different groups how long ago?
23 million years
Robert Koldeway
A German archaeologist "in 1899 excavated the site of Babylon and was eventually able to lay out the plan of the ancient city.
Tower of Babel
A biblical story,
Australopithecus
A gracile australopithecine from South Africa
What were the elements of the Shang state?
A metal industry based on copper, pottery making, standardized architectural forms and walled towns, and divination using animal bones.
Amorites
A name that Mesopotamian urbanites called the transhumant herders from the Arabian desert.
Which of the following accurately describes societies in the Aegan world?
A number of islands
Cong tubes
A ritual object crafted by the Liangzhu. A cong tube was made of jade and was used in divination practices.
Minoa
A trading and mining center for the minoans.
In South Asia circa 500 BCE, what factor led to the development of specialized social groups called jati?
Booming agriculture allowed for greater variety of occupations
Which of the following is an accurate comparison between ancient Egypt & Mesopotamia?
Both granted their rulers immense authority to build irrigation networks
Iron
Cheap, highly durable metal. Harder than tin or copper.
Based on the map supplied below, the following regional cultures flourished in East Asia from 5000 to 2000 BCE except:
China
Yin
City that became the capital of the Shang in 1350 BCE, ushering in a golden age.
Which of the following was a political innovation of the territorial state? a. The creation of written taxation lists b. Clearly defined borders c. The abandonment of centralized power d. People identified themselves by ethnic group
Clearly defined borders
The Shang State
Dynasty in northeastern China that ruled from 1600 to 1045 BCE
Which of the following accurately describes the early integration of Vedic society in South Asia?
Early Vedic political life was organized through kin and clan structures.
Zagros Mountains
Crossed the Arabian desert and Zagros mountains to trade grain to their neighbors in Egypt and Nubia in return for copper ivory and gold there caravans travel through the passes of Zagros mountainsmb to secure semi precious stones Iran
Around 2300 BCE, because of its rich reserves of copper: a. A large number of independent palace centers emerged in Cyprus. b. Cyprus was able to conquer Crete and Sicily. c. Cyprus became a focal point of trade between Egypt, Crete, and the Euphrates river. d. Minoan Crete colonized the islands of the Aegean Sea.
Cyprus became a focal point of trade between Egypt, Crete, and the Euphrates river.
Which of the following demonstrates Cyrus the Great's policy toward conquered peoples?
Cyrus the Great claimed to liberate conquered peoples from the oppression of their own kings
In the Persian Empire
Cyrus the Great claimed to liberate conquered peoples from the oppression of their own kings.
Which of the following demonstrates Cyrus the Great's policy toward conquered peoples?
Cyrus the Great claimed to liberate conquered peoples from the oppression of their own kings.
Which one of the following most accurately characterizes Chinese thinkers during the Hundred Masters era?
Daoism emphasized the strict performance of ritual as the only means by which to maintain order in a dangerously chaotic universe.
Which one of the following most accurately characterizes Chinese thinkers during the hundred masters era?
Daoism emphasized the strict performance of ritual as the only means by which to maintain order in a dangerously chaotic universe.
Varna
Describes the restrictive social classes of South Asia
During the New Kingdom in Egypt, the groundwork was laid for what type of political innovation?
Diplomacy with states in Mesopotamia & Anatolia
The South Asian Brahmans developed an alphabetic script around 600 BCE so that the Vedic literature could be studied by more people, and the religious rituals practiced more accurately.
False
The trashumant herders were not affected by the warmer weather that occurred around 2000 BCE, since they spent the hottest summer months in the mountain highlands where melting snows provide sufficient water.
False
Sargon l
First ruler to successfully unite the land between the rivers, he was the ruler of the kingdom to the north of Sumer. Conquered the city states of Sumer as far as the Persian gulf, kingdom eventually landed along most of Fertile Crescent, adopted Cuneiform and used it for their somatic language,
Ur-Nammu
Governor of Ur
Sumerians
Between 3,500 to 3000 BC people known as the Sumerians developed the first great civilization in the Tigris-Euphrates valley
What is bipedalism?
Bipedalism is being two footed
The Egyptian deity whom the Middle Kingdom rulers elevated to prominence as a king of the gods was
Amun
Book of the Dead
An Ancient Egyptian funerary text that contains drawings and paintings as well as spells describing how to prepare the jewelry and amulets that were buried with a person in preparation for the afterlife.
Ahmosis
An Egyptian ruler in the southern part of the country who ruled from 1550 to 1525 BCE; Ahmosis used Hyksos weaponry—horse chariots in particular—to defeat the Hyksos themselves.
Mandate of Heaven
Ancient Chinese belief/theory and philosophical idea that heaven granted emperors the right to rule.
The land bridge that linked Asia and America before 13,000 BCE is called:
Beringia
Which of the following led to upheavals during the axial age in China, South Asia, and Greece?
Incessant Warfare
As an example of pastoral nomads, the book named
Indo-Europeans
What was an effect of the spread of Buddhism in the northern Chinese "barbarian" courts?
It allowed the Wei to espouse a philosophy just as legitimate as that of the Han.
What happened to the land bridge between East Asia and America's around 12,500 B.C.E.?
It became covered with water due to melting glaciers
Which of the following accurately describes central Asia between 400 and 600 CE?
It became the hub of a system that linked eastern and western Afro-Eurasia, as well as South Asia.
which statement best characterizes civilizations development in the americas
It was heavily influenced by European developments
What are some things that happened when early humans arrived in the Americas?
It was thought that they had wiped out large ice age animals. Research later discovered that this was actually caused by the climate change
All of the following correctly characterize the land of Judah except
Judah served as a trader-state with special status, controlling trade with Egypt under Assyrian authority.
Hatshepsut
Known as Ancient Egypt's most powerful woman ruler, Hatshepsut served as regent for her young son, Thutmosis III, whose reign began in 1479 BCE. She remained co-regent until her death.
Which of the following is an accurate comparison between Egyptian pyramids and Mesopotamian ziggurats?
Pyramids were primarily tombs for the semi-divine pharaoh, while ziggurats were temples
Which of the following is an accurate comparison between Egyptian pyramids & Mesopotamian ziggurats?
Pyramids were primarily tombs for the semi-divine pharaoh, while ziggurats were temples.
Khufu
Largest stone structure in the world.
The Egyptian Middle Kingdom
Lasting from about 2040 to 1640 bce. Consolidation of power and building activity in upper egypt.
What was the physical and social center of a Mediterranean city-state?.
Marketplace
The Egyptian architect who developed the first step pyramid was
Imhotep
True
In both the Zhou dynasty and Persia, religious ideologies required rulers to act in moral ways and maintain an orderly society.
In the Americas around 3500 BCE, the largest population center was in
The Valley of Tehuacan in Mexico
Which of the following does not correctly characterize the Persian Empire?
The Persians' style emphasized the empire as a homogenized state in which all peoples happily adopted Persian customs.
Which one of the following does not correctly identify elements of the Roman world?
The Romans relied on a labor force of free workers since slavery violated Roman conceptions of citizenship.
What discovery allowed Homo erectus to expand their diets, leading to even larger brain size?
The discovery that allowed Homo rectus to expand their diets what's the use of fire to help cook food
What effects did the development of complex language have on Homo sapiens?
The effect of the development of language on humans was a huge breakthrough. It allowed for individuals to be able to teach words, communicate words and enhance the ability to gather knowledge
What evidence convinced scientist that hominids were more diverse than suggested by early finds like Lucy?
The evidence that convince scientist that hominids were more diverse than thought of before was the findings of their bone remains. They discovered that hominids walked upright on 2 feet and their teeth indicated they were closer to modern humans then Lucy was
Jade
The most important precious substance in East Asia. Jade was associated with goodness, purity, luck, and virtue, and was carved into such items as ceremonial knives, blade handles, religious objects, and elaborate jewelry.
What is the most significant way that modern science challenged Asian creation narratives?
The most significant way modern science has challenged eating creation narratives is through finding how old are universe actually is and by determining that divine beings did not have a role in creating all life
The palace
The palace, both as an institution and as a set of buildings, appeared around 2500 BCE, about a millennium later than the Mesopotamian temple. The palace quickly joined the temple as a defining landmark of city life. Eventually, it became a source of power rivaling the temple, and palace and temple life often blurred, as did the boundary between the sacred and the secular
Proto-Indo-European
The parent of all the languages in the Indo-European family, which includes, among many others, English, German, Norwegian, Portuguese, French, Russian, Persian, Hindi, and Bengali.
Which one of the following does not characterize the Han social order?
Silk was worn by members of all classes.
pebbles
Similar counting systems, for one, can be found even today all over the planet. Of particular interest here, modern shepherds in Iraq still use ____________ in counting sheep.
What do scientists use to infer that Troy, Crete and the Greek mainland participated in a trading system linking the Aegean and Southwest Asia?
Similarities in grave goods
What do scientists use to infer that Troy, Crete, & the Greek mainland participated in a trading system linking the Aegean & Southwest Asia
Similarities in grave goods
What do scientists use to infer that Troy, Crete, and the Greek mainland participated in a trading system linking the Aegean and Southwest Asia? a. Similarities in citadel construction b. Similarities in grave goods c. Similarities in writing systems d. Similarities in religious artifacts
Similarities in grave goods
Catal Huyuk
Site found with honeycomb settlements featuring paintings.
Important innovations + achievements
The wheel, mathematics, calendar
Which of the following describes the rise of kingdoms that emerged in the first millennium BCE?
They conquered existing states and different ethnic groups to become the world's first empires
Egyptian commoners practiced their religion in what way?
They visited local shrines and used magic
Which of the following is an accurate reason for the rise of trade between cities & their hinterlands?
Specialized craft workers required raw materials to produce finished products
Which of the following best explains why the early states in the Americas produced limited agricultural surpluses?
The Americas lacked beasts of burden or domesticated animals
What provided the primary unifying structure for South Asian societies?
The Caste System
Which one of the following was true regarding the nomadic peoples who helped to establish the Silk Road?
The Chinese state offered financial incentive to the nomadic traders to extend their trade routes to China.
What replaced the political unity provided by imperial Rome after its collapse in Western Europe?
The Christian church brought cultural unity centered on the authority of regional bishops under the bishop of Rome.
To which African political unit do the following terms—Sundiata, Mansa Musa, Timbuktu—correspond?
The Empire of Mali
Which one of the following correctly compares the Han and Roman armies?
The Han armies were substantially larger than the Roman armies, with the Han standing army reaching above 1 million men.
Which of the following occurred in the eastern Mediterranean region between 1300 and 900 BCE?
The Sea People arrived from central Europe, where they had been forced to migrate due to drought.
Which two riverine societies shared the most intense diplomatic interaction during the second millennium BCE?
The Nile Delta & the Tigris & Euphrates rivers?
Which two riverine societies shared the most diplomatic interaction during the second millennium BCE?
The Nile Delta and the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
Which two riverine societies shared the most intense diplomatic interaction during the second millennium BCE? a. The Yellow River and the Tigris and Euphrates rivers b. The Nile Delta and the Tigris and Euphrates rivers c. The Yellow River and the Indus Valley d. The Indus Valley and the Nile Delta
The Nile Delta and the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
In addition to iron smelting, the Nok people in West Africa were known for which of the following?
The Nok produced terra-cotta figurines believed to have the power to bless the soil.
The Shang ruler's wealth and power were based on
Tributes from elites
Although the Chinese did not create a graphic writing system until the 1000s BCE, well after Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations, preliterate signs and marks in Chinese settlements have been dated as early as the seventh millennium BCE, long before similar systems in other societies.
True
In the Shang dynasty in China, the ability to divine the future was a powerful way to legitimize royal power & justify tribute collection
True
Modern hominids emerged in a straight-line tree descent from Australopithecines
True
The new territorial state based its authority on divine monarchs, large bureaucracies, elaborate legal codes, definable borders, and plans for continuous expansion.
True
Alexander the Great owed a considerable amount of his military success to his willingness to take risks in battle, outpacing and outflanking his adversaries.
True.
As human communities became larger and more stratified the rough gender egalitarianism of hunting and gathering societies eroded.
True.
How did technologies such as bronze working first arrive in China?
Through pastoralist nomad migrations in the Mongolian steppes
Harnesses
Tools made from wood, bone, bronze and iron for steering and controlling chariot horses.
Babylon of Hammurapi was a territorial state because
all of the above
Knossos
area in Crete with palace town.
Riverine
area where inhabitants depend on irrigation
Economic changes during the Qin dynasty included:
conscripting farm laborers to build irrigation systems and canals to extend agricultural production.
The Mauryan Empire
contained many Greek-speaking regions.
People in riverine cities:
developed lifestyles based on the mass production of goods and specialized labor
The Phoenicians
developed seaworthy crafts from massive cedar trees in their region.
The territorial states that succeeded Alexander the Great's regime
engaged in fierce competition among themselves with large, complex military campaigns.
the swelling of rivers caused hominids to search out high land
environmental changes led to the development of hominids excepts for
In the ancient Aegean world:
everyday life was dominated by weaponry and palisades rather than writing and palaces
Hominids
extinct, bipedal primates in hominidae family
The Zhou dynasty
geographically extended its power slowly as regional aristocracies joined a hierarchical system under it's rule.
monogamy was the norm
in sumerian households
the valley of Tehuacan in Mexico
in the Americas around 35000 BCE, the largest population center was in
most communities adapted to settled agricultures but also continued to practice hunting and gathering
in the Americas..
Mitochondrial DNA
inheritance can be traced from mother to daughter or son
Which of the following was Emperor Justinian's most enduring legacy?
instituting a major reform and codification of Roman law
Ancient Egypt:
formed a highly coherent culture stretched out along the banks of the Nile River
The people of Judah
formed a hybrid society by merging aspects of the Mesopotamian states with their own distinctive traditions.
Allomothering
mothers relying on other women
The Maya people
never developed a single great city.
Dear boy
nickname of early human discovered in 1931 by the Leakeys.
The first agricultural evolution:
occurred about 12,000 years ago as settled villages began to cultivate domesticated cereals and herd animals
what characterized Austroesian settlements in the south pacific ?
pottery, stone tools, and domesticated pigs
The Nile River was characterized by which of the following?
predictable annual flood waters that could be dammed for their rich silt, thus helping agriculture
Japanese society during this period featured all of the following except which?
provincial elites with little influence in the Japanese power structure.
The production of art allowed Homo sapiens to do all of the following EXCEPT
record information about alliances with other kin groups
All of the following are examples of the Zhou Dynasty's expanded use of writing except
recording land titles and property ownership
The Tigris and Euphrates rivers:
required farmers to develop irrigation systems to control periods of high and low water
The Tigris and Euphrates rivers
required farmers to develop irrigation systems to control periods of high and low water.
The Tigris and Euphrates rivers:
required farmers to develop irrigation systems to control periods of high and low water.
The Tigris and Euprates rivers
required farmers to develop irrigation systems to control periods of high and low water.
In China, plant domestication developed around
rice in the south, millet in the north
All of the following correctly characterize ancient Europe EXCEPT:
social development was dominated by agricultural activity
which of the following is a consequence of the first agricultural revolution
social stratification
the southernmost part of mesopotamia is called
sumer
all of the following are sumerian cities except
thebes
Assur
their capital city, was named after a dedicated to the god of war who is the chief God in their pantheon
When the Han seized power after the fall of the Qin
the Han depicted the Qin as immoral despots while adopting many of their bureaucratic and legal practices.
Between 1000 and 1300 strong commercial expansionist impulses were seen in all of the following societies of the Americas except
the Incas.
Early Christianity contained all of the following elements except
the Roman state sought to destroy the new faith from its earliest origins.
as a warming cycle raised temperatures around the globe and expanded growing seasons
the emergence of the first cities occurred
The four regions of Africa that formed in the first century BCE included all of the following except:
the Congolese jungle
a bell beaker
the European drinking cup indicative of a warrior culture was called
What is the major difference Harappan culture and other early river valley societies
the lack of clear records of political structure
pregnant women
the cave paintings of early human communities commonly included images of bisons, horses wild bulls and lions, but NOT
The Hittites established their dominance in Anatolia when they unified
the chariot aristocracies.
All of the following contributed to the development of Europe's Christian identity except
the continued emphasis on Christianity as a religion of monks.
external nations from the east
the demise of Egypt occurred for each reason except
The key development that marked the arrival of Homo sapiens was:
the development of language
In Ancient Egypt
the divide between rural and urban settings was not stark as there were no massive cities.
All of the following were reasons leading to the many societal changes in the first millennium BCE except
the domestication and use of the ox as a beast of burden.
as humans realized that controlling animal reproduction was a more reliable food source than hunting
the domestication of animals occurred:
In Mycenaean society
the main palace centers were the hulking fortresses of warlords.
How was the role of the pharaoh different from that of Mesopotamian rulers?
the pharaoh's most important role was to be a bridge to the gods to ensure the regular flooding of the niles, but in mesopotamia, kings oversaw irrigation projects to control floods
the relieving women of the drudgery of agricultural work as they remained in the villages and cities during the work day
the resolution in social organization that followed the agricultural revolution included all except
White and Blue Nile
the two main branches of the nile.
In Roman society
women had much greater control over their own wealth and property and greater freedom of action than women had in the Greek city-states.
In both the Zhou dynasty and Persia, religious ideologies required rulers to act in moral ways and maintain an orderly society.
True
The domestication of the horse gave pastoralist humans decisive advantages in transportation and warfare over agriculturalists.
True.
Severe floods were one of the environmental factors that led the Zhou people to settle near the Shang state.
False
Socrates stressed the duties of the ruler to protect and guide the city-state to seek power and wealth to the benefit of his people
False
Socrates stressed the duties of the ruler to protect and guide the city-state to seek power and wealth to the benefit of his people.
False
The Harappan culture developed a written language called Mohenjo, written in poetic form, that permitted the creation of a highly symbolic mythological system.
False
The Neanderthals were precursors to modern-day Europeans
False
The Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great emphasized brutal control and terror in order to maintain control
False
The Shang dynasty in China was more fully centralized than the kingdoms of Egypt or Mesopotamia, as the Shang dominated surrounding vassal states and established large, permanent capital cities.
False
Early mesopotamian cities followed a pattern. Match buildings & peoples to locations in the city plan:
-Specialized professional groups- residential neighborhoods -temple & priests- the center -palace & king- periphery
What is a vassal state?
Ally that had to pay tribute.
Gates of Ishtar
At the south end of profession Street was a Doublegate covered with brilliant blue glaze bricks and bas relief animals sculptures, dedicated to the goddess Ishtar
Ziggurat
By the end of the third millennium BCE, the elevated platform base of a Sumerian temple had transformed into a stepped platform called a ziggurat.
In Africa, as the Sahara region became drier and groups migrated hundreds and even thousands of miles apart, they lost contact with each other and developed largely in isolation.
False.
Population growth in the Americas occurred slowly because humans refused to adopt local crops and instead sought to grow crops not well suited for the new environment.
False.
In what way did China's social and political system diverge from those of other Afro-Eurasian societies? a.China's political and social system was not centralized. b. China's political and social system relied on strong female rulers as well as males. c. China's political and social system emphasized an idealized past and rule by sage kings. d. China's political and social system was hierarchical
China's political and social system emphasized an idealized past and rule by sage kings.
Bronze
Copper and tin make bronze this is a stronger metal
Why was Egypt said to have been the most river-focused of the early cultures? a. Egypt relied heavily on its strong navy to conquer territory along the Nile. b. Egyptian religion focused exclusively on the role of the Nile in sustaining life. c. Egypt had many internal divisions as the Nile River created multiple isolated geographical regions. d. Egypt had no fertile hinterland, since settlement was limited to the narrow Nile flood plain.
Egypt had no fertile hinterland, since settlement was limited to the narrow Nile flood plain.
Advances in the production of copper significantly aided agricultural production in the first millennium BCE as farmers could more easily break the sod to bring up fertile topsoil.
False
Hunters and gatherers in Africa only developed settled agriculture after learning its techniques from the peoples of Southwest Asia.
False
While other riverine societies developed trade networks, Harappan cities remained isolated from the outside world
False
In the ancient Aegean world, why was urban development slow, despite contact with Egypt and Mesopotamia?
Geographical obstacles led to scattered settlements.
Megaliths
Great stones at stonehenge
Textiles
Herdsman raised pigs, goats, cattle, and sheep, from which they derive hides and wool for leather - and textile making as well as food , weaving fabric
Which of the following describes the foundation of Olmec culture in Mesoamerica?
It consisted of decentralized villages that were linked by trade in ritual objects.
What is the significance of the battle of Qadesh between Egypt & the Hittites?
It determined where the demarcation would the demarcation would be between Egyptian & Hittite expansion into the Fertile Crescent
Why was copper one of the most sought after raw materials imported into riverine cities from the hinterland?
It was easy to smelt and shape and could be used to create bronze.
What evidence supports the wide-spread economic influence of Longshan culture?
Longshan black pottery has been found as far away as Taiwan and Manchuria
Language Families
Related tongues with a common ancestral origin
Anthropomorphic
Sumerians believe their gods in character have the appearance and traits of human beings and the temples were intended as residences for them.
How did Shang chariot use differ from that the rest of Afro-Eurasia?
The Shang used chariots primarily as symbols of wealth instead of for warfare
Which of the following, in addition to the charisma of its leaders, was a reason for Christianity's growing success before Constantine's endorsement?
The fit between the church's doctrines and popular pre-existing beliefs and practices made conversion smoother.
The scholar Kumarajiva was responsible for which of the following?
Using irony and paradoxes to show that reason was limited
Minoan culture mixed imported and indigenous influences. Which of the following represents an indigenous trait?
Worship of a female deity, known as the "Lady"
Nabopalossar
Governor of Babylon, encourage other cities under Assyria controlled to revolt, lead the successful revolt against the Assyrians in 612 BC, died in 604 BC
In comparison to those who lived in the territorial states of Egypt & Mesopotamia, those on the margins of these worlds were:
adept users of technology who established durable institutions & belief systems
In comparison to those who lived in Egypt and Mesopotamia, those who lived on the margins of these worlds were....
adept users of technology who established durable institutions and belief systems
The caste system expanded in South Asia
as the Vedic people moved into rice-growing regions that required more laborers.
Long-distance trade in Mesopotamia
benefited from commercial rules and early insurance schemes developed by merchant households.
Part 2
Had no Good stone or timber for building, made materials by hand, used Clay bricks, used pottery wheels
All of the following are true regarding Harappan society except which?
Harappan elites used cultural products to loudly proclaim their high standing in the world.
Who was egypt's most powerful female ruler?
Hatshepsut
The rule of the Mauryan emperor Aoka is characterized by which of the following?
He carved stone pillars with dhamma, the moral guidelines of his rule.
What evidence supports the wide-spread economic influence of Longshan culture? a. Longshan kings forced tributary trade ties with steppes nomads. b. Longshan silk scrolls have been found in the Indus Valley. c. Longshan black pottery has been found as far away as Taiwan and Manchuria. d. Longshan iron tools made their way to Japan.
c. Longshan black pottery has been found as far away as Taiwan and Manchuria.
What was the physical and social center of a Mediterranean city-state? a. Palace of the king b. Temple to the city's god c. Marketplace d. Administrative offices of the city officials
c. Marketplace
Which of the following was an innovation in Greek art that derived from the ways axial age thinkers perceived the place of humans in the cosmos? a. Rejecting decorative arts in favor of intellectual pursuits b. Creating elaborate mosaics of mythical creatures c. Representing naturalistic views of nude human figures d. Creating idealized art to reflect the theoretical realms created by philosophers
c. Representing naturalistic views of nude human figures
Which of the following was true of the social structure in most city-states in the Mediterranean basin? a. Adult women were recognized as the public voice of their family's concerns. b. The social equality of the household was seen as a model for social equality in public life. c. The small family unit was the most important social unit. d. Slaves were allowed to participate in political debate.
c. The small family unit was the most important social unit.
Literacy in Ancient Egypt
consisted first of hieroglyphs
All of the following characterize ancient European warfare except
constant warface undermined efforts to develop trade effectively throughout Europe.
Kush adopted many Egyptian practices, but
continued to move south to avoid Egyptian influence.
Which aspect of the belief system outlined in the Vedas and Upanishads brought spiritual unity to the northern half of South Asia? a. The Laws of Manu b. The integration of all people into atman c. The Book of the Dead d. Local gods could be easily absorbed into the pantheon
d. Local gods could be easily absorbed into the pantheon
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the role of women in Middle Assyrian society? a. Women who served as support troops in the military were granted special privileges. b. Queens wielded considerable power behind the throne due to the independence granted to them. c. Veiled women were less restricted than in earlier Mesopotamian cultures and enjoyed special privileges protected by law. d. Prostitutes were forbidden to wear veils so that their naked faces would signal their disreputable status.
d. Prostitutes were forbidden to wear veils so that their naked faces would signal their disreputable status.
What city became the first large commercial and administrative center in the world? a. Catal Hoyuk b. Liangzhu c. Harappa d. Uruk
d. Uruk
The migrations of Austronesian-speaking people into the South Pacific occurred on
double-outrigger canoes
Clovis
early native american culture. "Paleoindian"
pictographs
early phonetic symbols developed out of ___________, pictures representing ideas.
The Code of Hammurabi included all of the following EXCEPT:
establishing an image of the kings as the fearsome voice of the gods among his people
The collapse of the Old Kingdom in Egypt resulted from:
feuding between the factions of the political elite.
Islamic scholarship during the Abbasid dynasty
flourished as scholars translated and built on the scholarship of Persians, Greeks, and South Asians.
Early Homo Sapiens (prior to 10,000 BCE) were distinguished from other early humans by their use of-
language
Women in the Neo-Assyrian state
lived highly restricted lives that emphasized complete male control over them.
By studying modern hunter-gatherer societies such as the San and !Kung, scholars can infer that early Homo sapiens' art works were used to:
mark important ritual sites.
The growth of early Christianity coincided with the appearance of what central figures in matters of faith?
martyrs
The Vedic People
mastered the use of plows with iron blades, which transformed the agrarian base of South Asia
The Vedic people
mastered the use of plows with iron blades, which transformed the agrarian base of South Asia.
Mastaba
meaning bench in arabic.
Based off the map link below (pages 24-25 in the textbook), how many different locations did agricultural production emerge in?
nine
Horses
nomadic economies made horses a crucial component of survival
Sumerion pantheon
temples were thought of as homes of the gods.
The four regions of Africa that formed in the first century BCE included all of the following except
the Congolese jungle.
In the Americas around 3500 BCE,the largest population center was
the Valley of Tehucan in Mexico
All of the following are advantages that bipedalism offered early hominids except:
the ability to fight off predators.
what advantage did larger brains give early hominids?
the ability to learn, remember, and pass on information to the next generation
in Akkad by Sargon the Great
the first territorial state was established
bipedalism
the trait that gave early hominids a significant advantage for survival was ?
Religious ferment refers to religion that
touched more areas of society and touched them in more demanding ways.
The shang territorial state did not evolve out of city state like meso and egypt
true
Sumerian religion:
was depicted in the Epic of Gilgamesh
The emergence of the class of scholar-officials
was promoted by the central state, which established schools to promote the ideal of an educated class of officials.
Cuneiform
wedge shaped writing
Homo sapiens
were the first hominids to cross into the Americas
The common portable form of Greek achievements that followed in the wake of Alexander the Great's armies was called
Hellenism.
As an example of pastoral nomads, the book named
Indo-Eurppeans
Which of the following correctly describes the city of Palmyra during the Roman period?
It became the most important caravan city at the western end of the Silk Road.
Which of the following did the Northern Wei dynasty pursue after it took control of part of the old Han territory?
It maintained many Chinese traditions of statecraft.
Which of the following was an important difference between Harappan and Egyptian societies? a. Unlike the Egyptians, there is no indication that the Harappans had kings or built royal tombs. b. Harappan farmers' cultivation yielded surpluses, while Egyptian farmers struggled to avoid famine. c. Egyptian writing was limited to religious purposes, while Harappans composed epic poems. d. Unlike the Egyptians, Harappans built no monumental structures for their communities.
Unlike the Egyptians, there is no indication that the Harappans had kings or built royal tombs.
The last part of Afro-Eurasia to be occupied by Homo erectus was
Northern Europe
Which of the following statements about the invention of writing in Mesopotamia is true:
Only a small % of the population learned to read & write
Vedic migrations into South Asia resulted in
-the arrival of Sanskrit to the region -new religious practices in the region, which were much more elaborate than indigenous worship -Vedic people bringing in pastoralism & adapting to settled agriculture -violent expansion over hundreds of years
Africa's great ape population broke off into different groups how long ago?
23 million years ago
according to biblical calculations, the earth is how old
6,000 years old
False
Advances in the production of copper significantly aided agricultural production in the first millennium BCE as farmers could more easily break the sod to bring up fertile soil.
Which of the following reflects a way that the Persians integrated their multiethnic empire?
All subject peoples were required only to give loyalty and pay tribute to the king.
All of the following are true about the Mongols except
As nomads, they were completely independent from settled people
Which of the following is not true about the Mongols
As nomads, they were completely independent from settled people.
Which of the following are innovations brought to Egypt by migrants such as the Hyksos?
Bronze-working techniques, the vertical loom, and an improved potter's wheel
n what way did ancient Egyptian villagers learn to exploit the Nile River
By building basins that trapped rich silt as the Nile overflowed its banks.
Which of the following best describes Homo erectus' children?
They could not feed or care for themselves for many years, requiring prolonged maternal care.
Which of the following characterized the large territorial states of southwest Asia and North Africa between 1400
They created a balance of power based on international treaties and diplomacy
Which of the following is true of nomadic pastoralists?
They domesticated horses, which gave them decisive advantages in transportation and warfare.
Which of the following is true of nomadic pastoralists? a. They were more numerous than agriculturalists because their diets consisted of more protein. b. they tended to have little influence on world history because their migratory lives left little time for artistic or intellectual expression. c. They were less sophisticated culturally than their agriculturalist neighbors because they did not build social networks and religious structures. d. They domesticated horses, which gave them decisive advantages in transportation and warfare.
They domesticated horses, which gave them decisive advantages in transportation and warfare.
A borderland Christianity that looked to Byzantium for spiritual, cultural, and architectural inspiration developed in
Russia.
Bamboo Annals
Shang stories and foundation myths that were written on bamboo strips and later collected.
Nebuchadnezzar ll
Son of Nabopolassar, send to gain control over kings of Syria and for phoencia, claims throne after father died in 604 BC
Where were sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle first domesticated?
Southwest Asia
Egyptian commoners practiced their religion in what way
They visited local shrines and used magic
The Phoenicians benefitted from their location in which of the following ways?
They were able to develop seaworthy crafts from the massive cedar trees in their region
entrepots
Trading stations at the borders between communities, which made change possible among many different partners. Longdistance traders could also replenish their supplies at these stations.
All of the following characterize the Roman military except
The Roman army's inability to gain clear dominance in the southeast Mediterranean against the Egyptians remained the one weakness of their empire.
Although the chinese did not create a graphic writing system until the 1000s BCE, well after Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations, preliterate signs and marks in Chinese settlements have been dated as early as the seventh millennium BCE, long before similar systems in other societies.
True
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Which of the following was a characteristic of Olmec cities? a. Cities were large, often encompassing more people than their Afro-Eurasian counterparts. b. Cities had a ceremonial life that revolved around agricultural and rainfall cycles. c. Cities served as political centers from which kings established their authority. d. Cities evidenced little planning or organization in their construction.
b. Cities had a ceremonial life that revolved around agricultural and rainfall cycles.
Which of the following was an important social change during the Warring States period in China? a. The status of peasants fell since they were denied admission into the army. b. Class relations became more fluid as commoners were able to gain more economic power. c. Gender relations became more flexible as the economic contribution of women increased due to their work in the fields. d. The status of priests declined as both commoners and elites rejected divination in favor of rational analysis of the present.
b. Class relations became more fluid as commoners were able to gain more economic power.
Which of the following is true for cities in South Asia as well as for cities in Greece and China around 500 BCE? a. Accounting and financial record-keeping had not yet emerged, which limited the growth of financial transactions. b. Coins came into use around this time, which improved commerce in urban areas. c. Population declined because of warfare and invasion. d. City dwellers, compared to rural peasants, had less material wealth.
b. Coins came into use around this time, which improved commerce in urban areas.
Which of the following accurately describes Confucius's teaching? a. Confucius only accepted individuals of noble background as his students, as he believed that peasants were too crude for moral contemplation. b. Confucius set forth a new moral framework stressing correct performance of ritual, responsibility, loyalty to the family, and perfection of moral character. c. Confucius believed that government work corrupted scholars, preventing them from establishing themselves as moral spokespersons who were removed from political activity. d. Confucius believed that strong, coercive laws and punishments were needed to maintain moral order in society.
b. Confucius set forth a new moral framework stressing correct performance of ritual, responsibility, loyalty to the family, and perfection of moral character.
Which of the following led to upheavals during the axial age in China, South Asia, and Greece? a. Invasions from the sea b. Incessant warfare c. Millenarian movements d. Population loss in urban centers
b. Incessant warfare
Which of the following reflects a major economic difference between sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of Afro-Eurasia? a. Sub-Saharan African agriculture was based on barley, not wheat or rice. b. Sub-Saharan Africa valued labor more than land because of the lack of plow agriculture. c. Sub-Saharan Africa was isolated from trade with the Nile Valley and North Africa. d. Sub-Saharan African land was held by chieftains who parceled it out to tenants to grow crops.
b. Sub-Saharan Africa valued labor more than land because of the lack of plow agriculture.
In addition to iron smelting, the Nok people in West Africa were known for which of the following? a. The Nok developed a sophisticated written script that preserved religious texts. b. The Nok produced terra-cotta figurines believed to have the power to bless the soil. c. The Nok were the only culture to develop agriculture in this region. d. The Nok were isolated and therefore developed a distinct artistic style.
b. The Nok produced terra-cotta figurines believed to have the power to bless the soil.
What distinguished government in Warring States China from other societies in Afro-Eurasia? a. Rulers rejected advice from and persecuted provincial rulers. b. Rulers valued spontaneity instead of structure and order. c. Rulers forged an alliance with scholarly elites. d. Rulers believed they were free of society's ethical rules.
c. Rulers forged an alliance with scholarly elites.
Why did early agricultural settlements arise in the Indus Valley before the Ganges Valley? a. Annual floods replenished the soil in the Indus Valley but not in the Ganges valley. b. The Indus River, but not the Ganges River, brought plentiful water from its source in the Himalayas. c. The Indus Valley suffered less from the yearly monsoons than did the Ganges Valley. d. The Ganges Valley, unlike the Indus Valley, was surrounded by inhospitable deserts.
c. The Indus Valley suffered less from the yearly monsoons than did the Ganges Valley.
What provided the primary unifying structure for South Asian societies? a. Pastoral trade routes b. Gender equality c. The caste system d.The Upanishads
c. The caste system
Which of the following was a characteristic of the Neo-Assyrian administration? a. People who lived in Assyria proper were forbidden from serving in political offices in order to prevent rival factions from emerging. b. People who lived in Assyria proper were heavily taxed and regulated in order to prevent rebellion. c. The conquered people who lived outside Assyria provided tribute that went to the king to support the court and the military. d. The conquered people who lived outside of Assyria were ruled directly by officials appointed by the king.
c. The conquered people who lived outside Assyria provided tribute that went to the king to support the court and the military.
Which of the following correctly defines a relationship between ideology and governance in Assyria? a. The king ruled by the mandate of heaven. b. The goal of the empire was to create cosmic chaos so that the Assyrian gods could defeat the gods of other peoples. c. The national god Ashur commanded all Assyrians to support the endless growth of the empire. d. Assyrian religion supported a king who was a shepherd to his people.
c. The national god Ashur commanded all Assyrians to support the endless growth of the empire.
How was the role of the pharaoh different from that of Mesopotamian rulers? a. Unlike Mesopotamian kings, the pharaoh did not need to establish a military since Egypt was protected by natural borders of deserts. b. Unlike Mesopotamian kings, the pharaoh created monumental architecture and tombs. c. The pharaoh's most important role was as a bridge to the gods to ensure the regular flooding of the Nile, but in Mesopotamia, kings organized irrigation projects to control floods. d. The pharaoh had the primary responsibility of ensuring that scribes were properly trained, but in Mesopotamia, that was the role of the priests.
c. The pharaoh's most important role was as a bridge to the gods to ensure the regular flooding of the Nile, but in Mesopotamia, kings organized irrigation projects to control floods.
In addition to climate change, which of the following was an important factor that challenged the foundations of states in the first millennium BCE? a. Trade b. Slavery c. War d.Literacy
c. War
All of the following characterize ancient European warfare EXCEPT:
constant warfare undermined efforts to develop trade effectively throughout Europe
How did an occupation-based social hierarchy support Zhou rule? a. It served as a counter to the Confucian hierarchy promoted by Zhou's rivals. b. It promoted opportunities for women in trades. c. It enshrined sufficient members of each craft group so trade could proceed. d. It asserted power over the empire's diverse peoples and creating social stability.
d. It asserted power over the empire's diverse peoples and creating social stability.
Sumerian religion was
depicted in the epic of gilgamesh
The Han and the Roman view of mass entertainment
differed, in that the Han believed entertainment should be for the elite, and Romans believing it should be for all.
Which of the following were agricultural improvements encouraged by the Shang dynasty ?
draining low lying fields and clearing forested lands
Which of the following climactic conditions had the most profound effect upon riverine societies between 2000 and 1200 BCE?
drought
Which was NOT a reason for the demise of Old Kingdom Egypt
drought, which left the country's food supply devastated
The Code of Hammurabi included all of the following except:
establishing an image of the king as the fearsome voice of the gods among the people.
the mesopotamians built canals to irrigate the land and drain the flood waters, using the ____ as the supply and the _____ as the drain
euphrates; tigris
The success of the horse-drawn chariot relied on
harnessing horses, spoke-wheels, iron, and speed
Ottoman power rested on all of the following except
harsh repression of all peoples under the empire's rule.
Transhumant refers to
herders who move their herds seasonally between microenvironments.
Sargon the great
king of akkad. near modern baghdad. Brought competitive era to an end. Sponsored architecture.
The collection of customary Vedic social sanctions codified into laws was called
the Laws of Manu.
Which of the following gave the Vedic people military superiority over the Indus dwellers?
the Vedic people were horse charioteers, and masters of copper and bronze metallurgy
Humans learned how to domesticate plants and animals for all of he following reasons EXCEPT:
the discovery of fire, which widened the range of food they could eat
Religious ferment refers to religion that:
touched more areas of society and touched them in more demanding ways.
Hellenistic culture
was attractive to ruling elites for its powerful modes of thinking and behaving.
Alexander the Great's empire
was short-lived but permanently changed the peoples and places he conquered.
The Fatimids differed from earlier Muslim dynasties in that they
were Shiite.
Homo sapiens
were the first hominids to cross the Americas
debate over whether homo habilis or homo erectus is the true ancestor of humans is based on
whether bipedalism or toolmaking was the distinguishing trait
The Nile River was characterized by which of the following:
-a predictable annual flood waters that could be dammed for their rich silt, thus helping agriculture
All of the following characterize the end of the Roman Empire except
. Because of the profits produced, trade networks survived the end of the Roman Empire largely intact and in fact expanded when freed from imperial controls.
MATCHING: 1. Hammurapi was just judge who brought the divine laws 2. Hammurapi was respected by other kings 3. Hammurapi protected his people especially the poor & the helpless
1. Shang founder liberted his people from a despotic ruler 2. Shang Kings were respected by their vassals/lords 3. Shang founder offered to sacrifice himself for his people
Babylonia, Babylon
1850 BC the Amorites (Semitic nomads) seized control of the valley and established their capital of Babylon, became the political and cultural center of the middle east. The Tigris Euphrates valley came to be called Babylonia
the fourth and last known ice age occurred between
40 mya & 12,000 years ago
Lucy
40% complete skeleton of adult female. Found in east africa
Assurnasirpal
884 to 859 B.C.E., may have been the first to Siri and leader to resort to a policy of mass deportation as well as terror. Conquered Aramean tribes from Syria, were brought to the cities of a Syria and put to work in. Constructing houses and monuments, his school policies and his publicizing of them, Soon made the very word "Assyrian" a synonym of terror
Farming began because
A global warming trend made land more fertile Human knowledge of plants and animals increased Human communities needed more efficient ways to feed their population Human communities grew to become more stationary **ALL OF THE ABOVE
Amun
A once insignificant Egyptian god elevated to higher status by Amenemhet (1991-1962 BCE). Amun means "hidden" in Ancient Egyptian; the name was meant to convey the god's omnipresence.
Which of the following was an aspect of Shang rule that the Zhou adopted in China?
A patrimonial state centered on ancestor worship
Trickle trade
Also called "down the line trade," this is a method by which a good is passed from one village to another, as in the case of obsidian among farming villages; the practice began around 7000 BCE.
The Egyptian deity whom the Middle Kingdom rulers elevated to prominence as a king of the gods was
Amun.
Pastoral nomadic communities
Around 3500 BCE, western Afro-Eurasia witnessed the growth and spread of pastoral nomadic communities that herded domesticated animals with demanding grazing requirements.
How did the Vedic people's entrance into the weakened Indus Valley differ from that of other pastoralist migrations into Egypt, Mesopotamia, or Anatolia? a. Aryans abandoned their religion and adopted that of the Indus people. b. Aryans did not use horses or wheeled carts. c. Aryans did not immediately establish a large territorial state. d. Aryans destroyed the culture of Indus societies.
Aryans did not immediately establish a large territorial state.
All of the following characterize male-female relations among the various hominid groups except which?
As human communities turned to settled agriculture, they adopted practices of gender equality that valued women's contributions to work.
Cuneiform
As people combined rebus symbols with other visual marks that contained meaning, they became able to record and transmit messages over long distances by using abstract symbols or signs to denote concepts; such signs later came to represent syllables, which could be joined into words. By impressing these signs into wet clay with the cut end of a reed, scribes engaged in a form of wedge-shaped writing that we call cuneiform.
Samaritans
Assyrian colonists were then moved into Samaria, and there descendants who intermarried with the Hebrews, not sent into exile, came to be known as the
Royal library of Nineveh
At Assurbanipals palace, he established a Royal library where ancient manuscripts from Sumer and Akkad collected and preserved. Excavated during the 19 century, archaeologists uncovered 22,000 play tablets, including hymns, dictionaries, grammars, list of kings, and Chronicles of events. Harmuz Rassam,a Turkish explorer, uncovered the tablets of Assurbanipals Royal library.
Which of the following is an accurate comparison between ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia? a. Both were strongly shaped by the unpredictability of river flooding. b. Both granted their rulers immense authority to build irrigation networks. c. Both were surrounded by vast desert lands, which held nothing of value. d. Both were ruled by priesthoods that controlled many city-states along their respective rivers.
Both granted their rulers immense authority to build irrigation networks
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the spread of Buddhism with the spread of Hellenism?
Both spread widely influential philosophical and spiritual ideas.
Which of the following are innovations brought to Egypt by migrants such as the Hyksos? a. Bow and arrow, donkey-pulled chariots, and use of slings b. New agricultural products such as hemp, rice, and barley c. New deities such as Amun, Aton, and Isis d. Bronze-working techniques, the vertical loom, and an improved potter's wheel
Bronze-working techniques, the vertical loom, and an improved potter's wheel
In what way did ancient Egyptian villagers learn to exploit the Nile River? a. By developing elaborate trade networks along its many western tributaries. b. By building irrigation systems that stored water in underground cisterns for use during dry seasons. c. By building irrigation systems to constantly supply water to fields. d. By building basins that trapped rich silt as the Nile overflowed its banks.
By building basins that trapped rich silt as the Nile overflowed its banks.
How did priests monopolize communication with spiritual powers and the people in ancient Egypt?
By creating elaborate rules for selecting and training priests, and by forbidding nonpriests from entering the temples' inner sanctuaries
How did priests monopolize communication with spiritual powers and the people in ancient Egypt? a. By creating a special divine language that only they could use b. By creating elaborate rules for selecting and training priests, and by forbidding nonpriests from entering the temples' inner sanctuaries c. By undercutting the ceremonial role of the local rulers d. By using the tithes sent by worshippers to launch a campaign against practitioners of competing religions
By creating elaborate rules for selecting and training priests, and by forbidding nonpriests from entering the temples' inner sanctuaries
How did Hellenistic culture respond to the challenges presented by new multicultural empires controlled by descendants of Alexander's generals?
By increasing its focus on the individual in a cosmopolitan world
Horses
By the second millennium BCE, full-scale nomadic communities dominated the steppe lands in western Afro-Eurasia. Horse-riding nomads moved their large herds across immense tracts of land within zones defined by rivers, mountains, and other natural geographical features. In the arid zones of central Eurasia, the nomadic economies made horses a crucial component of survival.
The four leading global hubs of maritime trade of this period were
Cairo, Quanzhou, Melaka, and Kollan.
What was the reason that the domestication of the camel was a major agent of change in overland trade in the first millennium BCE?
Camels facilitated caravan travel across deserts in Afro-Eurasia, encouraging long distance trade between regions.
Which of the following formed the basis for Crete with Egypt & the Levant
Copper from Crete was exchanged for luxury objects
In addition to the civil service, what other group became influential politically and militarily in Tang China?
Court eunuchs
What event led to social stratification?
Craft specialization and the buildup of surpluses
Which of the following were agricultural improvements encouraged by the Shang dynasty? a. Growing wheat and rice in the northern portion of the kingdom b. Building cisterns and aqueducts c. Draining low-lying fields and clearing forested lands d. Forging iron and bronze agricultural implements
Draining low-lying fields and clearing forested lands
At the time of the rule of Solomon, the Israelites practiced strict monotheism.
False
Early Sumerian cities were economic centers only, the temples were located outside the city walls
False
Early hominids survived because their large brains allowed them to resist changes to their environment and maintain the traditional activities that had preserved them
False
In Africa, as the Sahara region became drier and groups migrated hundreds and even thousands of miles apart, they lost contact with each other and developed largely in isolation.
False
In the city-states of the Mediterranean basin, citizenship was extended to all adults who resided within the city walls.
False
Lacking natural or geographical barriers, ancient Egyptian society was far more open to outsiders than most other riverine societies.
False
Larger structures such as a village are created by putting together smaller structures such as houses & families. This is what we called "scaling"
False
Menander, king of Yavana, debated the nature of the Buddha and rejected Hellenism.
False
People in the Americas abandoned hunting and fishing for agriculture around the same time as those in Afro-Eurasia
False
Scientists understand evolution as a single, gradual development in which Homo Sapiens are the direct descendants of the earlier Homo habilis and Homo erectus
False
Scientists understand evolution as a single, gradual development in which Homo sapiens are the direct descendants of the earlier Homo habilis and Homo erectus.
False
The representative public servant in the Roman Empire was the civilian magistrate and the bureaucrat, while in the Han Empire the representative public servant was the citizen, soldier, and military governor.
False
The teaching of Siddhartha Gautama known as the Buddha, emphasized the supernatural forced that shaped human destiny.
False
With the Nile River stretching from central Africa to the Mediterranean Sea, ancient Egyptian civilization was far more open to outsiders than most civilizations.
False.
Which of the following describes an effect of the mastery of fire for Homo erectus? a. Fire helped hominids to expand their diets, leading to still larger brain size. b. Fire created a focus for new religious ideas, leading to new cultural development. c. Fire provided a gathering point for small communities, leading to more complex social structures. d. Fire permitted the creation of bronze tools, allowing the hunting of large animals.
Fire helped hominids to expand their diets, leading to still larger brain size
What evidence did scientists use to decide that hominids were more diverse than had been suggested by the early australopithecine finds such as Lucy? a. Fossil finds indicate that some groups of hominids prior to australopithecines made bone tools. b. Fossil finds in East Africa showed that several different kinds of early hominids were living in isolated societies and evolving separately. c. Some fossils indicated that different hominids were evolving in Southwest Asia, and had remarkably modern teeth and hands. d. Fossil finds in southern Africa indicated that some groups of hominids had begun to use fire.
Fossil finds in East Africa showed that several different kinds of early hominids were living in isolated societies and evolving separately.
Royal palace of Nineveh
Found by Sir Austin Henry Layard, found a 71 room palace built on the terrace and the remains of walls with fortified gates that once around the palace he estimated that these walls might have been 8 miles in circumference and approximately 100 feet high.
a distinct system of writing in which the Harappan epic poems were recorded
Harappan culture was characterized by all of the following except:
All of the following are true regarding Harappan society EXCEPT which?
Harappan elites built palaces, grand royal tombs, and impressive monumental structures
Which of the following accurately describes pastoral communities in Afro-Eurasia around 3500 BCE? a. Herders traded meat and animal products for grains, pottery, and tools with settled agricultural communities. b. Oxen became a crucial component of survival so that nomadic pastoralists could move their villages. c. People settled in small mountain valleys where they could more easily keep watch over their herds. d. People lived in the coastal lands where water supplies were easily available for their herds.
Herders traded meat and animal products for grains, pottery, and tools with settled agricultural communities.
Which of the following was among the new elements that the Shang added to Longshan culture? a. Walled towns built on a grid b. A copper metal industry c. Hereditary rulers who derived power from their relationship to the gods d. Divination using pottery shards
Hereditary rulers who derived power from their relationship to the gods
Which of the following was among the new elements that the Shang added to Longshan culture?
Hereditary rulers who derived power from their relationships to the gods
Which of the following was among the new elements that the Shang added to the Longshan culture?
Hereditary rulers who derived power from their relationships to the gods.
All of the following characterize human villages as they grew in size except which?
Houses were built as simply circular structures without interior walls.
What happened when early humans arrived in the Americas? a. Humans experienced rapid population growth as they abandoned hunting and gathering in favor of settled agriculture. b. Humans developed extensive traditions of watercraft on the coast of Peru to promote trade along the coast. c. Humans domesticated bison. d. Humans adapted to different ecological niches and created
Humans adapted to different ecological niches and created
Around 12,000 years ago, what did humans do in response to population pressure and changing climate conditions?
Humans dispersed and took their agricultural and herding skills into other parts of Africa
Around 12,000 years ago, what was the main effect of population pressure and changing climate conditions on modern humans? a. Humans discovered fire. b. Humans created music and art. c. Humans learned to domesticate plants and animals. d. Humans migrated out of Africa to Eurasia.
Humans learned to domesticate plants and animals.
What was a consequence of dualism in Zoroastrian beliefs?
Humans' choices between good and evil determined their reward or punishment in the afterlife
Negritos
Hunter-gatherer inhabitants of the East Asian coastal islands who migrated there around 28,000 BCE but by 2000 BCE had been replaced by new migrants.
How does the textbook describe the people in the Sahel region of Africa around 8000 B.C.E.?
Hunters and gatherers that later became farmers and herders due to their ability to domesticate large herd animals and new crops
Third dynasty of Ur
In 2112 BC! Ur-Nammu The governor of Ur, succeeded in driving out The Gutians, Who Took over Mesopotamia. The dynasty he is Stabley S-t became known as this because he was the third Monarch from Ur listed in the Samarian list of kings
Babylonian captivity
In 587 BC, Nebuchadnezzar, returned to Jerusalem and besieged the city, after 18 months they finally surrendered,. Zedekiah, whom Nebuchadnezzar appointed to be a vassal King of Judah, was captured as he attempted to flee the city, his sons were executed before his eyes, and he was blinded and taken to Babylon. Thus the Jews began this event, which lasted until 538 BC
ma'at
In ancient Egypt, this term referred to stability or order, the achievement of which was the primary task of Egypt's ruling kings, the Pharaos.
Which of the following correctly describes the breakdown of Olmec culture?
In many areas, religious centers were abandoned, but not destroyed.
All of the following characterize Europe between 2000 and 1500 BCE except which:
Innovations such as metalworking, pottery and the plow began to transform the local societies by creating more secure agricultural production.
What was the evolutionary survival trait shared by all successful early hominids? a. Opposable thumbs b. Completely upright posture c. Continuous fertility d. Intelligence and ability to adapt
Intelligence and ability to adapt
In Mesopotamia around 2000 BCE, what caused political & economic power to move away from the delta region?
Intensive cultivation for a millennium combined with drought
In Mesopotamia around 2000 BCE, what caused political and economic power to move away from the delta region? a. Invasions of nomads from the Iranian plateau b. Earthquakes destroying city walls c. Intensive cultivation for a millennium combined with drought d. Loss of control of the priestly class over trade
Intensive cultivation for a millennium combined with drought
What is the significance of the battle of Qadesh between Egypt and the Hittites? a. It showed that war chariots could not fight effectively in hilly terrain. b. It determined where the demarcation would be between Egyptian and Hittite expansion into the Fertile Crescent. c. It demonstrated the military superiority of crossbow technology. d. It demonstrated that an army wielding iron weapons and armor could easily defeat an army relying on bronze technology.
It determined where the demarcation would be between Egyptian and Hittite expansion into the Fertile Crescent.
What was a consequence of the development of cuneiform?
It enhanced urban elites' ability to control trade, property, and sacred and political ideas.
What was a consequence of the development of cuneiform? a. It replaced graphic arts in religious architecture and ornamentation. b. It created an upsurge in literacy among all social classes. c. It enhanced urban elites' ability to control trade, property, and sacred and political ideas. d. It helped kings take control from priests.
It enhanced urban elites' ability to control trade, property, and sacred and political ideas.
What was a change to human language when humans spread out of Africa?
It expanded into nineteen separate language families
What was a change to human language when humans spread out of Africa? a. It expanded into nineteen separate language families. b. It was unchanged, as the vocal chords of humans were unchanged. c. It differed only marginally from the language systems of other primates. d. The number of phonemes became more limited.
It expanded into nineteen separate language families.
What indicated that the citadel in Mohenjo Dara was a center of political & ritual actives?
It housed well-made public facilities, such as the great bath
What indicated that the citadel in Mohenjo Daro was a center of political and ritual activities? a. It housed well-made public facilities, such as the great bath. b. It lacked fortification and was open to all people. c. It contained long inscriptions describing rituals performed there. d. It was built of sun-dried brick.
It housed well-made public facilities, such as the great bath.
Which of the following is not true about the Tang State?
It refused to allow foreigners into the territory.
Based off the map quiz below, which of the following statements best describes the trade and exchange networks in Southwest Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean.
It stretched from Greece to the Indus Valley
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the role of women in Greek city-states?
It varied from location to location, but generally women were expected to be in the home and serve their husbands.
Why did universalizing religions fail to arise in sub-Saharan Africa or Mesoamerica?
It was difficult for ideas, peoples, or institutions to circulate broadly because of geographical barriers.
Why was copper one of the most sought-after raw materials imported into riverine cities from the hinterland? a. It was used in the making of pottery. b. It was easy to smelt and shape, and could be used to create bronze. c. It was needed to make plows. d. It was considered to be the "tears of the sun," a sacred metal.
It was easy to smelt and shape, and could be used to create bronze.
Which statement best characterizes civilization's development in the Americas?
It was heavily influenced by European developments.
Which of the following correctly describes Meroe?
It was influenced by the Sudanic polities of sub-Saharan Africa.
Why was the capital of the Byzantine Empire established at Constantinople?
Its strategic location on the Bosporus, which controlled the trade in the eastern Mediterranean.
Royal cemetery of Ur
King abargi and queen shubad Who ruled the city of ur about 3000 BC the tombs were found in 1922 by sir Leonhard woolly a British archaeologist. The objects in the two included beautiful bowls and cups of alabaster and soap stone carved in shallow relieve fluted gold vases game boards inlaid with shells a dagger and a lure with the golden Bullshead
Which of the following did not contribute to the maritime revolution that facilitated the growth of long-distance trade?
Lack of protection from political authorities
Megarons
Large buildings found in Troy (level II) that are the predecessors of the classic Greek temple.
sharpened the division between the rural and urban worlds
Literacy in Ancient Egypt
Which of the following contributed to the fall of the Old Kingdom in Egypt? a. Invasion from the people of the Nubian regions of the Nile River b. The bureaucracy introduced too many changes into water management methods c. The divide between rural and urban settings d. Local magnates assumed control of the provinces
Local magnates assumed control of the provinces
What led many Egyptian villagers to pray at local shrines & believe in the power of magical amulets?
Local villagers were physically far removed from temple life, & so turned to other means of satisfying their religious needs
Where were maize, potatoes and guinea pigs first domesticated?
Maize and potatoes were domesticated in the agrarian communities. Guinea pigs were domesticated in the Andean Highlands
Which of the following were first domesticated in the Americas?
Maize, potatoes, and guinea pigs
which of the following were first domesticated in the americas
Maize, potatoes, and guinea pigs
incised
Many of these tokens are ___________ that is, they have various markings engraved on them—and they come in a wide variety of shapes: spheres, cones, disks, cylinders and so on.
how do modern scientific understandings about the origin of the universe compare with traditional creation narratives
Modern science indicates that the origin of the universe was much longer ago than do traditional creation narratives.
Which of the following is a way new territorial states differed from city-states?
Monarchs of territorial states ruled distant hinterlands through widespread bureaucracies and elaborate legal codes
Which of the following is a way new territorial states differed from city-states? a. States were linguistically and ethnically homogeneous. b. Monarchs of territorial states ruled distant hinterlands through widespread bureaucracies and elaborate legal codes. c. Large territorial states were in constant conflict with each other. d. Once the state was established, monarchs ceased ambition for further expansion.
Monarchs of territorial states ruled distant hinterlands through widespread bureaucracies and elaborate legal codes.
Which statement best characterizes the average Mesopotamian family? a. Monogamous and patriarchal b. Egalitarian relations between husbands and wives c. Equal inheritance of property between sons and daughters d. Polygamous, with most men having several wives as well as concubines
Monogamous and patriarchal
In Sumerian households
Monogamy was the norm
Which of the following is an example of the shift away from the city-state's domination of economic activity in Mesopotamia? a. New rulers allowed their generals to control all long-distance trade. b. New rulers forced individuals to donate large amounts of labor to support the maintenance of the city's defensive walls. c. New rulers designated private entrepreneurs to collect taxes and allowed them to keep a portion of tax revenues for their profits. d. New rulers allowed farmers to purchase land from the state in order to obtain economic independence.
New rulers designated private entrepreneurs to collect taxes and allowed them to keep a portion of tax revenues for their profits.
Which one of the following does not correctly characterize the horse chariot?
Nomads discovered that chariots required solid wooden wheels for durability.
Which of the following is a way that pastoralist nomads helped contribute to the rise of new territorial states in Afro-Eurasia around 2000 BCE?
Nomads introduced military technologies such as faster horse-drawn carriage
Which of the following is a way that pastoralist nomads helped contribute to the rise of new territorial states in Afro-Eurasia around 2000 BCE? a. Nomads introduced new ways to recruit and train bureaucracies. b Nomads introduced writing, which was essential to record-keeping in larger, territorial states. c. Nomads introduced new siege technologies for attacking walled cities. d. Nomads introduced military technologies such as faster horse-drawn chariots.
Nomads introduced military technologies such as faster horse-drawn chariots.
Anatolia
Now mainly the area known as modern Turkey; in the sixth millennium BCE, people from Anatolia, Greece, and the Levant took to boats and populated the Aegean. Their small villages endured almost unchanged for two millennia.
What are microsocieties?
On islands. Isolated, fragmented, resist expansionism
What technique did the Romans use to create their military might?
Organizing communities they conquered on the Italian peninsula into a system that provided a huge reservoir or manpower for the army
Aside from expanding the state's borders, which of the following was the prime motivation for ambitious Roman military leaders during the first few centuries bce?
Personal glory and acquiring great wealth
advancement in pottery making
Plant domestication in China and Japan was accompanied by what other important innovation?
Which of the following is an accurate comparison between people in the Americas and those in Afro-Eurasias?
Populations in the Americas were more widely scattered and isolated from each other.
What suggests to scientists that Harappan civilization was centralized & structured?
Regional uniformity in urban planning; standardized weights & measures
What suggests to scientists that Harappan civilization was centralized and structured?
Regional uniformity in urban planning; standardized weights and measures.
Which crops formed the basis of village agriculture in China? a. Millet and sorghum b. Wheat and rice c. Maize and potatoes d. Rice and millet
Rice & Millet
Which crops formed the basis of village agriculture in China?
Rice and millet
The main body of Vedic literature, the four Vedas passed on culture from one age to the next. The four Vedas are:
Rig, Sama, Yajur, and Atharva.
The White and Blue Niles
Rising out of central Africa and Ethiopia, the two main branches of the Nile are called the White and Blue Niles. They come together at the present-day capital city of Sudan, Khartoum.
What ecological change contributed to the development of agriculture in Japan? a. A land bridge from the Korean peninsula allowed the migration of agriculturalists to Japan. b. Sinking sea levels meant that there was more land available for settled agriculture. c. The cooling climate froze out the fishing societies spread out along the coasts and rivers. d. Rising sea levels created islands and limited the range of large game animals, leading to their extinction.
Rising sea levels created islands and limited the range of large game animals, leading to their extinction.
What led to the development of Shang writing ?
Scribes inscribed queries to ancestors on oracle bones
What led to the development of Shang writing?
Scribes inscribed queries to ancestors on oracle bones
What led to they development of Shang writing?
Scribes inscribed queries to ancestors on oracle bones
What led to the development of Shang writing? a. Bureaucratic officials needed to find a method to record tribute payments. b. Rulers needed to record laws and edicts. c. Merchants needed to communicate over long distances in order to trade goods. d. Scribes inscribed queries to ancestors on oracle bones.
Scribes inscribed queries to ancestors on oracle bones.
Which is an accurate comparision about the development of scribal cultures in both Mesopotamia and Egypt?
Scribes' status was increased by the small number of people who were literate
Which is an accurate comparison about the development of scribal cultures in both Mesopotamia and Egypt? a. Scribes' status was increased by the small number of people who were literate. b. Literacy immediately became important for all members of society. c. Scribes were usually members of lower artisan classes. d. Scribes at first had little concern with trade and commerce.
Scribes' status was increased by the small number of people who were literate
Which one of the following does not characterize the development of commerce by sea?
Sea transport emerged primarily in regions where land trade could not be developed.
Catal Huyuk
Settlements like ___________ ______________ in central Turkey, which is a prehistoric community dating well back into the sixth millennium BCE, give evidence that city sites existed long before the rise of Sumerian civilization (ca. 3000 BCE).
What great advantage did the Vikings possess that aided their raiding and conquest?
Ships that could travel up rivers and handle the open waters of the North Atlantic
Hammurabi
Sixth king in Amorite Dynasty, United all the city states of Mesopotamia under his rule and in time his empire was as large as that of Sargon l, he was a capable warrior and a effective ruler most famous for his code of laws, died in 1750 BC,
What was the major commodity that the Romans wanted from the German and Goth populations to their north?
Slaves
All of the following correctly characterize ancient Europe except:
Social development was dominated by agricultural activity.
Chaldea (neo-Babylonia)
Society was helped to be created by Nabopolassar
What are some things that scientist can infer about Homo sapiens hunter gatherers by studying contemporary hunter gatherer societies?
Somethings that scientist can infer about Homo sapiens hunter gatherers is that they forage for food and were able to survive. They can also in for the different roles of the men and woman. For instance, how men specialized in hunting and women specialized in gathering and childbearing
Assurbanipal
Son of Esarhaddon, reigned for 42 years, Asyria reached its greatest extent of land, made Nineveh the showplace of the ancient world, established a royal library were ancient manuscripts from Sumer and Akkad were collected and preserved
Esarhaddon
Son of Sennacherib, immediately made plans to avenge the murder of his father, created great political unrest within assyria and encouraged for revolts throughout the empire, invaded Egypt and 671 BC, captured the city of Memphis and imprisoned the pharaoh, but found that Egypt was too large and too far from none of it to be controlled effectively, rebuild the city of Babylon retired in 668 BC
For what reason were political developments in South Asia fundamentally different from those of Southwest Asia? a. The lack of state religions in South Asia undermined efforts to create religious justifications for kingly rule. b. South Asian populations became so large that they could not be easily conquered. c. The lack of horse-powered chariots in South Asia diminished the ability of ruling classes to expand their territorial control. d. South Asia had fewer territorial states and thus fewer rivalries that prompted ruling classes to integrate their dominions.
South Asia had fewer territorial states and thus fewer rivalries that prompted ruling classes to integrate their dominions.
Based off the map link below (page 32 in the textbook), where did the ideas and techniques for the spread of agriculture originate from?
Southwest asia
Which of the following is an accurate reason for the rise of trade between cities and their hinterlands? a. Groups who migrated to the cities sought to sustain cultural contacts with their ancestors who remained in rural settings. b. Transhumant herders produced goods such as jewelry and pottery, which they traded to urban dwellers. c. Specialized crafts workers required raw materials to produce finished products. d. Interference by nomadic pastoralists in the borderlands prevented long distance trade.
Specialized crafts workers required raw materials to produce finished products.
Why did people in Sumer trade with distant regions such as Lebanon, Turkey, and Iran? a. Sumerians wanted to cement political alliances by tying potential enemies to them in mutual trade. b. Sumerians needed to trade for food to support their growing population. c. Sumerians lacked natural resources apart from fertile soil, mud, and water. d. Sumerian religions required sending missionaries to foreign lands.
Sumerians lacked natural resources apart from fertile soil, mud, and water.
The impact of geographical setting
Summers were we really hot in rainfall was scanty, flooding of rivers during the spring due to melting of snow floods were unpredictable and often violent, until they made irrigation systems and reservoirs and were able to avoid disasters and became very successful in agriculture. They were dependent on the floods for agriculture and livestock, to keep track of these floods they created a calendar
Buddhism's spread was helped by all but which of the following ways
Support from Zoroastrians in the Persian Empire, who helped spread the religion to the West
How did temples and their priests function differently in Mesopotamian society from earlier, village-based societies? a. Temple priesthoods rejected long-distance trade as bringing "foreign" elements into the community, whereas earlier societies eagerly sought trade. b. Temple priesthoods maintained a strict separation of state and religion, whereas earlier societies were ruled by priest-kings. c. Workers in a temple were required to focus solely on spiritual activities to maintain their ritual purity. d. Temples supported all sorts of economic
Temples supported all sorts of economic
Sumerian temples
Temples were thought of as homes of the gods and symbols of Sumerian imperial identity. They also represented the ability of the gods to hoard wealth at sites where people exchanged goods and services. In addition, temples distinguished the urban from the rural world.
Which of the following occurred in the eastern Mediterranean region between 1300 and 900 BCE?
The Sea Peoples arrived from central Europe, where they had been forced to migrate due to drought.
In what day did the Shang state in China differ from states in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus Valley?
The Shang did not have clearly defined borders or a permanent capital.
In what way did the Shang state in China differ from states in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus Valley? a. The Shang rulers centralized quickly to protect themselves from rival territorial states on its borders. b. The Shang rulers did not align themselves with the gods to support their right to rule. c. The Shang rulers did not create an educated bureaucracy. d. The Shang did not have clearly defined borders or a permanent capital.
The Shang did not have clearly defined borders or a permanent capital.
Which of the following does not correctly characterize the Shang state?
The Shang state grew out of urban polities similar to those in Mesopotamia and Egypt.
How did Shang chariot use differ from that of the rest of Afro-Eurasia? a. The Shang used chariots primarily as symbols of wealth instead of for warfare. b. The Shang used iron fittings for their chariots. c. The Shang made chariots lighter and more maneuverable. d. The Shang developed horseshoes so that horses suffered fewer leg and foot injuries.
The Shang used chariots primarily as symbols of wealth instead of for warfare.
Sumerian King List
The Sumerian King List is among the texts that recount the making of political dynasties and depict great periodic floods. Recorded around 2000 BCE, it organizes the reigns of kings by dynasty, one city at a time.
The Sumerian pantheon
The Sumerian gods, each of whom had a home in a particular floodplain city. In the Sumerian belief system, both gods and the natural forces they controlled had to be revered.
Why did the progressive land reform policies of the Northern Wei dynasty fail to bridge the cultural divide between the Han and the Tuoba?
The Tuoba had little interest in farming, so were not interested in working with the Han.
What advantage did larger brains give to early hominids? a. The ability to learn, remember, and pass on information to the next generation b. The ability to identify friends from foes c. The ability to walk upright with the head as a balancing point d. The ability of children to be self-sufficient at a young age
The ability to learn, remember, and pass on information to the next generation
What was the adaptive advantage of bipedalism for early hominids? a. The ability to outrun predators b. The ability to climb trees c. The ability to migrate away from hostile environments d. The ability to see farther than other mammals
The ability to migrate away from hostile environments
What adaptive advantage did bipedalism give early hominids?
The adaptive advantage bipedalism gave early hominids was the ability to keep their hands free so they could use their hands to carry food over long distances
What event is most responsible for the huge increase in the human population?
The agricultural revolution
What led to the rise of the first major city states in Southwest Asia?
The agricultural revolution
How did Roman landowners in Gaul respond to the threat of peasant revolts?
The allied themselves with Christian Goths to provide stability
Which achievement of the Phoenicians had the greatest long-term impact on the Mediterranean world?
The alphabet, which permitted more wide spread literacy
Which achievement of the Phoenicians had the greatest long-term impact on the Mediterranean world?
The alphabet, which permitted more wide-spread literacy
Surplus
The irrigation system allowed the Sumerians to develop a surplus of food and textiles, they had very little stone or metal with which to manufacture tools and weapons.
In contrast to Minoan society, which of the following accurately depicts Mycenaean society? a. The main palace centers were the hulking fortresses of warlords. b. Colonies were not created because rulers did not want to delegate authority to other officials. c. Record-keeping was unnecessary because of the close and direct contact between the rulers and the people. d. The rulers ruled directly over their people with the aid of a few chief advisers.
The main palace centers were the hulking fortresses of warlords.
What is the primary reason nomadic pastoralism instead of transhumant pastoralism flourished in the northern area of Eurasia?
The steppes were unable to support large agricultural settlements, but could support large herds of grazing animals.
What is the primary reason nomadic pastoralism instead of transhumant pastoralism flourished in the northern area of Eurasia? a. The steppes were unable to support large agricultural settlements, but could support large herds of grazing animals. b. The superior numbers and military strength of settled agriculturalists forced the nomadic pastoralists northward. c. The superior military techniques of nomadic pastoralists could keep transhumant pastoralists out of their territory. d. Nomadic pastoralists could trade with more settled agricultural villages in northern China.
The steppes were unable to support large agricultural settlements, but could support large herds of grazing animals.
Which one of the following does not characterize Christianity in western Europe between 600 and 1000 CE?
The strength of the Catholic Church derived in large part from the fact that nearly all Christians lived in the European lands under its religious authority.
Assyria
These Semitic nomads establish settlements to the northwest of Sumer early as 4000 BC, they were ruled by the Mitanni tribes for several centuries and then established an independent kingdom around 1250 BC. , known for the most fiercely militaristic empire the Western world has ever known
Which of the following best describes Homo erectus' children? a. They could not feed or care for themselves for many years, requiring prolonged maternal care. b. They were largely ignored by other clan members until they could contribute to clan survival. c. They had larger brain capacity than earlier hominids because their mothers had wider pelvises. d. They were closely guarded by their mothers who feared attacks from other females in the clan.
They could not feed or care for themselves for many years, requiring prolonged maternal care.
Which of the following characterized the large territorial states of Southwest Asia and North Africa between 1400 and 1200 BCE? a. They eliminated the small kingdoms that sought to exist between the major states. b. They created durable foundations of power by extracting taxes from the middle class. c. They engaged in constant warfare for dominance in the region. d. They created a balance of power based on international treaties and diplomacy.
They created a balance of power based on international treaties and diplomacy.
Monarchs strengthened their rule during the fourteenth century by all of these means except
They crushed all influence and power of the church.
How did Longshan culture differ from other examples in this chapter?
They developed a tradition of Sage-Kings
Which of the following best describes the role of caravan cities?
They emerged at strategic locations such as the intersection of major trade routes
What can scientists infer about Homo sapiens hunter-gatherers by studying contemporary hunter gatherer societies? a. They formed small bands that were relatively egalitarian. b. They spent nearly every hour of the day foraging for food. c. Since most of the food was obtained by hunting, the role of women was limited to child-bearing. d. They avoided social behaviors such as friendly competitions.
They formed small bands that were relatively egalitarian.
Which of the following was a way that the Chavín people responded to Andean environmental constraints?
They organized their societies vertically along steep mountainsides to take advantage of the different crops that could be grown in different zones.
Around 1300 BCE, what actions did the Shang take to prevent their rivals from challenging their legitimacy?
They prevented their rivals from getting access to tin & copper to forge bronze weapons
Around 1300 BCE, what actions did the Shang take to prevent their rivals from challenging their legitimacy? a. They created a new state religion. b. They prevented their rivals from getting access to tin and copper to forge bronze weapons. c. They created strong regional networks through tribal clan relations and trade. d. They poisoned the leaders of all opposing groups.
They prevented their rivals from getting access to tin and copper to forge bronze weapons.
Which of the following accurately describes the Yellow Turbans in China?
They proclaimed a Daoist belief in a "Great Peace" and demanded equal distribution of all farmland
How did Roman mining operations contribute to the efficient functioning of the Roman economy?
They supported massive, standardized coinage.
Why were pastoralists important to settled agriculturalists? a. They served as a buffer between agricultural communities and outside enemies. b. They transmitted ideas, products, and people across long distances, linking villages with a wider world. c. They left important records that influenced agricultural innovation. d. They had so little interaction with villages that farmers came to think of them as powerful mythological beings.
They transmitted ideas, products, and people across long distances, linking villages with a wider world.
clay, fired
Though later carved into stone, this type of cuneiform writing was first impressed on ________ tablets which were later _________
How did technologies such as bronze working first arrive in China? a. Through pastoralist nomad migrations in the Mongolian steppes b. Through shipping lanes from the Korean peninsula c. Through indigenous invention in the Yangshao culture d. Through the overland caravan routes from the Indus Valley
Through pastoralist nomad migrations in the Mongolian steppes
The Assyrian king who centralized political authority in the hands of the monarchy was
Tiglath-pileser III.
Which of the following accurately characterizes the relationship between pastoralists and urban centers in Sumerian Mesopotamia? a. Transhumant herders sought to maintain economic independence from the cities. b. Transhumant herders paid taxes to and labored on public works projects for the Sumerian cities. c. Transhumant herders repeatedly attacked the Sumerian cities. d. Transhumant herders prevented order from being restored after the collapse of the Third Dynasty of Ur.
Transhumant herders paid taxes to and labored on public works projects for the Sumerian cities.
What was the basic social organization of the amorites?
Tribal
As the Mediterranean city-states founded colonies, they also bought captured slaves from frontier communities that contributed to the city-state's growth.
True
As the Old Kingdom in Egypt waned, the Egyptian state became less centralized, and high officials began claiming power that had once been the sole province of the pharaoh.
True
Because of geographical constraints in both the Mediterranean islands & the archipelagos of the South Pacific, micro-societies arose in the second millennium BCE
True
Because of the colder climates and dense forests of central Europe, cattle instead of sheep became the major herd animals.
True
By 3500 BCE, most people in the world still lived as hunter-gatherers nomads, or in small agricultural societies.
True
By 3500 BCE, most people in the world still lived as hunter-gatherers, nomads, or in small agricultural societies.
True
Hammurabi shared with the Egyptians the image of the ruler as Shepard and patriarch of his people.
True
Homo habilis carried usable rocks over long distances to places where tools were fashioned.
True
In Olmec society, the priestly class governed the exchange of sacred ritual objects among farming communities
True
In Olmec society, the role of the ruling families in the exchange of sacred ritual objects supported their claim to be descended from divine ancestors.
True
In Zhou China, a tradition developed of scholar-bureaucrats participating in debate over how to create a stable and harmonious government.
True
In ancient Sumeria, marriage was a contract between a husband & a wife whereby the wife provides children & husband provides support & protection
True
Olmec society believed that priests could transform themselves into "were-jaguars," half man and half jaguar, to petition the rain god to secure the land's fertility.
True
The Mauryan Empire established the tradition in South Asia of large kingdoms with strong administrative organization.
True
The Neo-Assyrian Empire's expansion exceeded its ability to maintain effective control over the empire, and the empire collapsed swiftly and without warning.
True
The domestication of the horse gave pastoralist humans decisive advantages in transportation and warfare over agriculturalists.
True
The formation of settled communities spurred agricultural innovation as humans could take risks and experiment with different plants.
True
The revolution in navigational techniques and knowledge dramatically reduced the cost of long-distance shipping and multiplied the number of ports around large bodies of water such as the Indian Ocean.
True
The wheel began to be fully exploited as a tool for transportation and pottery production about the same time that cities emerged.
True
As human communities became larger and more stratified, the rough gender egalitarianism of hunting and gathering societies eroded.
True.
As the Old Kingdom in Egypt matured, the Egyptian state became less centralized, and high officials began claiming power that had once been the sole province of the king.
True.
During the Spring and Autumn period of the Eastern Zhou dynasty, the fractured political system inverted the pattern of a strong central state with weaker satellite states
True.
In the Shang dynasty in China, the ability to divine the future was a powerful way to legitimize royal power and justify tribute collection.
True.
Mesopotamian royal burials reinforced social hierarchies by including humans sacrificed to accompany the rulers to the afterlife.
True.
The Sumerian King List recounts the story of the Great Flood, which was borrowed and incorporated into the book of Genesis as part of the traditional creation account of the Jewish people.
True.
The domestication of the horse gave pastoralist humans decisive advantages in transportation and warefare over agriculturalists
True.
In early riverine China, which of the following best describes the rate of urbanization and the factors that contributed to it? a. Urbanization in China was slower than in Egypt and Mesopotamia, because China did not have outside trade. b. Urbanization in China took place more rapidly than in Egypt and Mesopotamia, because China's open geography allowed for the rapid diffusion of intellectual and cultural breakthroughs from other parts of Afro-Eurasia. c. Urbanization took place more rapidly in China than in Egypt and Mesopotamia, as the rice-growing regions in the south shared information with the millet-growing regions in the north. d. Urbanization in China was slower than in Egypt and Mesopotamia, because of geographic barriers and less easily domesticated plants and animals.
Urbanization in China was slower than in Egypt and Mesopotamia, because of geographic barriers and less easily domesticated plants and animals.
What city became the 1st lrg commercial and administrative center in the world? a. Uruk b. Harappa c. Catal Hoyuk d. Liangzhu
Uruk
What city became the first large commercial & administrative center in the world?
Uruk
What is the characteristic that sets Homo habilis apart from prior hominids? a. Creating simple musical instruments b. Development of simple language c. Bipedalism d. Using tools to create tools
Using tools to create tools
Which of the following is an accurate description of the exchange that took place between the Vedic people and the Indus Valley people? a. Indus Valley people found horse breeding to be a major source of wealth and Vedic people adopted the social structure of the Indus people. b. Indus Valley people added beef to their diets and Vedic people relinquished their elaborate religious rituals. c. Vedic people adopted the local religious culture of the people of South Asia and the South Asians adopted iron working from the newcomers. d. Vedic people adopted the agricultural skills of the people of South Asia and the South Asians adopted the newcomers' language.
Vedic people adopted the agricultural skills of the people of South Asia and the South Asians adopted the newcomers' language.
"lost tribes of Israel"
When Sargon ll departed 27,290 Israelites, because they were to be considered no longer as Israelites, they became known as this
Cuneiform
When Sumerians started using reads to wedge into wet clay with pictographs this system of writing came to be called cuneiform, from the Latin word cuneus, meaning "wedge"
All of the following accurately characterize Hellenistic ideas and beliefs except
Zeno asserted that only by separating one's self from and rejecting nature could humans rise above the mindlessness of animals.
Which of the following correctly characterizes the Zhou state?
Zhou rulers relied on culture and ideology, such as the mandate of heaven, to maintain leadership among rival powers within and without its borders
Denise Schmandt-Besserat
___________ whose theory has revolutionized our understanding of not only how writing developed but also how deep it reaches back into history.
Which of the following demonstrated that diplomatic communications took place between the rulers of Egypt, the babylonians, and the Hitties/
a cache of 300 letters found near Amarna in Egypt
In the Central Andes,
a diverse ecology in a small region encouraged the growth of trade.
Which of the following is an accurate comparison between Confucianism and Daoism? a. Confucian scholars believed that gentlemen should enter government, but Daoists sought refuge from political life. b. Daoism criticized Confucianism for teaching an unnatural social equality. c. Both taught that the best way to live was to follow the natural order of things. d. Both required acts of charity to effect positive change in the world.
a. Confucian scholars believed that gentlemen should enter government, but Daoists sought refuge from political life.
Which of the following did Confucius think led to a harmonious existence? a. Ethical behavior based on family and filial duty b. Carefully studying the natural world c. Clear laws and punishments to maintain order d. Unfettered individual freedom
a. Ethical behavior based on family and filial duty
What was a consequence of dualism in Zoroastrian beliefs? a. Humans' choices between good and evil determined their reward or punishment in the afterlife. b. Corpses had to be buried in bare earth so that they would decompose quickly and be reunited with the mother goddess, the consort of Ahura Mazda. c. Many different gods fought with each other for human followers. d. One god, Ahura Mazda, was worshipped by Persians, another, Ahriman, was worshipped by the conquered peoples.
a. Humans' choices between good and evil determined their reward or punishment in the afterlife.
Which of the following characterized innovations in warfare during the Warring States period in China? a. Nobles fighting from chariots were replaced by massed infantries of peasants bearing iron-tipped lances. b. Armies were led by family members of the king in order to ensure the loyalty of the military. c. Territorial states could produce armies of up to one thousand men. d. Siege warfare was less successful because of innovations in defensive fortification.
a. Nobles fighting from chariots were replaced by massed infantries of peasants bearing iron-tipped lances.
What important effect of environmental change led to the collapse of urban societies and administrative centers around 1200 BCE? a. Pastoralists from peripheral societies migrated because of prolonged drought b. Famine caused by heavy rains and floods c. Invaders arrived from the Indian Ocean fleeing increased monsoon activity d. Militant, expansionist religions developed following solar eclipses
a. Pastoralists from peripheral societies migrated because of prolonged drought
What was one effect of agricultural surpluses on early riverine urban societies? a. People could specialize in making goods for the consumption of others. b. People became isolated from those living in the countryside. c. People relied on councils of elders to organize complex societies. d. People abandoned trade as they were now self-sufficient.
a. People could specialize in making goods for the consumption of others.
The Buddha understood which of the following to be a way to reach nirvana? Correct! a. Seeking a middle path between self-indulgence and self-denial b. Embracing desire instead of asceticism c. Rituals to placate Brahmanic deities d. Encyclopedic knowledge of the Vedas
a. Seeking a middle path between self-indulgence and self-denial
In contrast to most other societies in Afro-Eurasia, the second-generation societies on the borderlands of the eastern Mediterranean developed which of the following political organizations? a. Self-governing city-states b. Elected monarchies c. Theocracies d. Merchant oligarchies
a. Self-governing city-states
Which of the following reflects a commonality of the Sudanic peoples spread across sub-Saharan Africa? a. Sudanic peoples' religious beliefs were dominated by a high god served by sacred kings. b. Sudanic peoples borrowed their institutions from equatorial Africa. c. Sudanic peoples were skilled weaver of linen, a crop they had domesticated. d. Sudanic peoples had no large domesticated large animals such as horses and cattle.
a. Sudanic peoples' religious beliefs were dominated by a high god served by sacred kings.
In which of the following ways did Olmec society differ from most other decentralized agrarian cultures? a. The Olmecs developed an elaborate social system characterized by many tiers of rankings. b. The Olmecs were more simple and egalitarian than other agrarian cultures. c. Olmec chieftains were organized for warfare, not for overseeing the economy and agriculture. d. Olmec priests studied weather patterns in order to develop an accurate calendar system for planting crops.
a. The Olmecs developed an elaborate social system characterized by many tiers of rankings.
Which of the following beliefs was reinforced by the visual propaganda of Persian architecture? a. The empire as a society of diverse and obedient peoples b. The empire as heir to pastoral nomadic culture c. The empire's use of terror to control local peoples d. The empire as a homogenized state of people who had adopted Persian culture
a. The empire as a society of diverse and obedient peoples
Which of the following was a major effect of colonies founded by Mediterranean city-states? a. These colonies created a city-state culture founded on a market-based economy and private property. b. These colonies tended to develop individual cultures as influenced by the local populations. c. These colonies had little influence on populations in the hinterlands. d. These colonies led to the establishment of an ever-widening imperial state.
a. These colonies created a city-state culture founded on a market-based economy and private property.
The Phoenicians benefitted from their location in which of the following ways? a. They were able to develop seaworthy crafts from the massive cedar trees in their region. b. Their location on the Red Sea allowed them to control trade between Egypt and Persia. c. They did not produce manufactured goods themselves, but only acted as traders. d. They were ambitious to establish a maritime empire throughout the Indian Ocean.
a. They were able to develop seaworthy crafts from the massive cedar trees in their region.
The Shang dynasty improved chariot transportation by
adding bronze fittings and harnesses that gave warriors greater speed and range.
In comparison to those who lived in the territorial states of Egypt and Mesopotamia, those who lived on the margins of these worlds were
adept users of technology who established durable institutions and belief systems
The Northern Wei dynasty
adopted Han Chinese traditions and practices in order to gain support from the elite classes.
The Northern Wei dynasty:
adopted Han Chinese traditions and practices in order to gain support from the elite classes.
The Jews of Judea
adopted some aspects of Greek cultural despite resistance by some members of the society.
The Jews of Judea
adopted some aspects of Greek cultural life despite resistance by some members of the society.
orangutans
africas great ape population broke off into different groups except for...
How did Hammurabi's kingdom decline
after his death his kingdom begin to decline almost immediately for successes were not capable of throwing such a large empire, and I need to begin to attack Babylonia from both the east and the west
All of the following were features of Song China except
aggressive diplomacy based on military power.
The Four Truths of the Buddha include all of the following except:
all desire is caused by innate human sinfulness.
Radiocarbon isotope C14
all living things contain radiocarbon isotop c14. Animals consume it through plants. Measurable decay rate gives date of fossils
Pastoral nomands & transhumant herders brought with them
all of the above
The Mycenaeans did not have a territorial state because
all of the above
The cultural mosaic that characterized Southeast Asia in the period between 1000 and 1300 was a product of
all of the above
The people known as the Toltecs
all of the above
pastoral nomads and transhumant herders brought with them
all of the above
the built wooden and stone structures to protect them from the elements
all of the following characterize Homo Habilis except:
as trade grew the cities became increasingly independent of their adjacent agricultural environment
all of the following characterize the first cities in Mesopotamia except
In the Shang dynasty in China
all political and religious power was held by the ruling family
In the Persian Empire
all subject peoples were on an equal footing, required only to give loyalty and pay tribute to the king.
Trade networks in egypt
allowed merchants to become wealthy and develop habits previously reserved for royalty.
The emergence of the first cities occurred
as a warming cycle raised temperatures around the globe and expanded growing seasons
counters
as early as 1959, evidence emerged that tokens represented part of a system of enumeration, functioning as ____________ of some sort.
The domestication of animals occurred
as humans realized that controlling animal production was a more reliable food source than hunting
the domestication of animals occurred
as humans realized that controlling animal reproduction was a more reliable food source than hunting
Domestication of animals occurred
as humans realized that controlling animal reproduction was a more reliable food source than hunting.
The Zhou's endorsement of the mandate of heaven implied what potential threat to dynastic continuance? a. A dynasty could end if religious rituals and ideas unified political rivals. b. A dynasty could end if the ruler did not uphold harmony and act with honor. c. A dynasty could end if the ruler turned over authority to local kings. d. A dynasty could end if priests undermined the power of the king.
b. A dynasty could end if the ruler did not uphold harmony and act with honor.
Aristotle's philosophical approach differed from that of Socrates and Plato in which of the following ways? a. Socrates and Plato were more deeply interested in experimentation and mathematics, while Aristotle studied theoretical physics. b. Aristotle believed that to understand the world, one must collect as much evidence as possible and then deduce patterns from that data. c. Socrates and Plato were more influenced by Egyptian science, while Aristotle followed Mesopotamian scientific thought. d. Aristotle tried to create an ideal state for humans to imitate, while Socrates sought to understand natural law.
b. Aristotle believed that to understand the world, one must collect as much evidence as possible and then deduce patterns from that data.
Which of the following best describes the relationship of Mahavira and the Buddha with Brahman spiritual authority? a. Both Mahavira and the Buddha accepted the elaborate cosmology of Brahman scholars. b. Both Mahavira and the Buddha relied upon the oral transmission of their teachings, whereas the Brahmans relied upon writing down their teachings. c. Both Mahavira and the Buddha rejected the idea of ritual sacrifice but upheld the caste system. d. Both Mahavira and the Buddha objected to the ritual sacrifices of animals by the Brahmans.
b. Both Mahavira and the Buddha relied upon the oral transmission of their teachings, whereas the Brahmans relied upon writing down their teachings.
Which of the following reflects a similarity between the Persian and Vedic peoples' ideology of kingship? a. Kings ruled under the mandate of heaven. b. Both peoples' ideologies reflected their pastoral roots, with similar traditions of warrior and priestly classes. c. Both peoples' ideologies reflected their need to conquer large territories to spread their cultures. d. Kings were largely figureheads who ruled as puppets for the priestly class.
b. Both peoples' ideologies reflected their pastoral roots, with similar traditions of warrior and priestly classes.
Which of the following accurately describes the early integration of Vedic society in South Asia? a. The early Vedic people refused to include indigenous peoples in their lineages. b. Early Vedic political life was organized through kin and clan structures. c. Early Vedic society remained socially unified in order to survive among the indigenous peoples. d. The early Vedic people established a central monarchy that organized the regions by appointing provincial governors.
b. Early Vedic political life was organized through kin and clan structures.
Which of the following correctly describes the breakdown of Olmec culture? a. As the Olmec hierarchies collapsed, the hinterland became depopulated and unproductive. b. In many areas, religious centers were abandoned, but not destroyed. c. The Olmecs fell because of a peasant uprising against the priests and chieftains. d. The Olmecs were defeated in a series of wars with the Maya.
b. In many areas, religious centers were abandoned, but not destroyed.
What led to nomadic warriors on the northern frontiers gradually settling into more peaceful relations with the Zhou? a. The prince of Wu repeatedly defeated the nomads in the steppes with superior weapons and tactics. b. The nomads came to depend on trade with the fertile farmland near the Yellow River. c. The fortified walls of Zhou cities repelled the nomads. d. The Zhou use of diplomacy won the nomads over.
b. The nomads came to depend on trade with the fertile farmland near the Yellow River.
Which of the following describes the rise of kingdoms that emerged in the first millennium BCE? a. They were primarily focused on agrarian production and trade with their hinterlands. b. They conquered existing states and different ethnic groups to become the world's first empires. c. They developed ideologies based on the inclusion of all classes and ethnic groups. d. They had short lives, as they lacked local, popular support.
b. They conquered existing states and different ethnic groups to become the world's first empires.
Which of the following reflects a way that Chavín society achieved cultural unification among its isolated communities? a. They relied strictly on local influences to maintain the purity of their religious beliefs and symbols. b. They shared an artistic tradition manifested in devotional cults focused on powerful animal deities. c. They established a spiritual center in caves on the coast of Peru that echoed with "divine voices." d. They created a common spiritual landscape in an imaginary city that their priests could enter after ingesting hallucinogenic substances.
b. They shared an artistic tradition manifested in devotional cults focused on powerful animal deities.
Which of the following accurately describes the origins of the Kshatriya caste? a. They were descended from Vedic priests and became the highest caste in South Asia. b. They were descended from the most politically powerful clans that entered South Asia, and became rulers of the new land. c. They were descended from agricultural commoners, the original residents of South Asia. d. They were descended from servants and menial laborers, and became the lowest caste.
b. They were descended from the most politically powerful clans that entered South Asia, and became rulers of the new land.
Which of the following correctly characterizes the microsociety of the Israelites? a. The kingdom established by King Saul lasted for many generations. b. Under King Solomon, the Israelites centered their kingdom on the great temple in Jerusalem. c. The Israelites were a hybrid society that merged aspects of the Minoan states with their own traditions. d. Israel served as a trader-state with special status, controlling trade with Egypt under Assyrian authority.
b. Under King Solomon, the Israelites centered their kingdom on the great temple in Jerusalem.
Which of the following characterized warfare among the city-states of the Mediterranean basin? a. Warfare led to consolidation of city-states into territorial empires. b. Warfare fueled new developments in military technology and tactics. c. Warfare was an uncommon feature of relations between the city-states. d. Warfare among the city-states made it more difficult to colonize new territories.
b. Warfare fueled new developments in military technology and tactics.
Which of the following was a consequence of the reforms implemented by government minister Shang Yang during the Warring States period in China? a. "Superior men" were excluded from government. b.The Qin became the dominant state in China c. The Wu became the dominant state in China. d. The power of the military was weakened by excessive punishment for failure.
b.The Qin became the dominant state in China
The Renaissance led to new ideas about politics that
began to lay the foundations for new forms of government that challenged the traditional political authorities.
Followers of the Shiite tradition in Islam
believed that Muhammad's son-in-law and his descendants were the only rightful heirs to Muhammad.
Polynesian
belonging to many islands
The Renaissance was characterized by all of the following except
broadening recognition that humans are worthless.
the cosmos comprises millions of worlds, each consisting of a mountain encircled by four continents
buddhist
The emperor Justinian
built the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, which symbolized the marriage of Christianity and empire.
The emperor Justinian:
built the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, which symbolized the marriage of Christianity and empire.
in what way did ancient egyptians learn to exploit the nile river
by building basins that trapped rich silt as the nile overflowed its banks
The Zhou rulers sought to legitimize their takeover of the Shang dynasty
by claiming moral superiority.
Which of the following was an aspect of Shang rule that the Zhou adopted in China? a. A state in which the rulers came to power through the designation of oracles b. Direct control of peripheral states through appointed governors c. A patrimonial state centered on ancestor worship d. Queens held complementary power with kings
c. A patrimonial state centered on ancestor worship
Which of the following accurately compares Greek philosophers, such as Socrates, and other axial age thinkers, such as Confucius and the Buddha? a. All believed that true freedom of mind only came after ascetic renunciation of the flesh. b. All believed that ideas were perfect models of abstract concepts that were imperfectly copied in the real world. c. All stressed the importance of honor and integrity over wealth and power. d.All described a vision of a perfect city ruled by philosopher-kings.
c. All stressed the importance of honor and integrity over wealth and power.
Which of the following is an accurate comparison between ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia? a. Both were strongly shaped by the unpredictability of river flooding. b. Both were surrounded by vast desert lands, which held nothing of value. c. Both granted their rulers immense authority to build irrigation networks. d. Both were ruled by priesthoods that controlled many city-states along their respective rivers.
c. Both granted their rulers immense authority to build irrigation networks.
In the first millennium BCE, which of the following technologies aided the rise of regional empires? a. Improved riverine vessels b. Wood block printing c. Iron weapons d. Improved ox yoke
c. Iron weapons
Which of the following correctly describes Meroe? a. It borrowed its culture almost exclusively from Egypt. b. It was a "first-generation" society, developing its own culture in isolation. c. It was influenced by the Sudanic polities of sub-Saharan Africa. d. It completely shunned Mesopotamian ideas.
c. It was influenced by the Sudanic polities of sub-Saharan Africa.
The greatest opposition to Brahmanic claim to moral authority arose in which part of South Asian society? a. Sudras b. Manu c. Kshatriyas d.Rajas
c. Kshatriyas
Which of the following was the main source of slave labor in the Mediterranean region? a. Women sold off to pay debts such as taxes b. Offspring of people already enslaved c. People captured in warfare d. Sub-Saharan Africans
c. People captured in warfare
Which of the following Persian innovations was most closely linked to improving agricultural production? a. Satraps directly oversaw grain production b. Harnesses for water buffalo allowed new plowing techniques c. Qanats increased the water supply for irrigation d. A canal linking the Red Sea to the Nile River
c. Qanats increased the water supply for irrigation
Which of the following characterizes Laozi's beliefs about government? a. Government posts should not be awarded by rank but should be awarded to those who were best qualified. b. A state should be modeled on a patriarchal family: the ruler respecting heaven while protecting his subjects. c. Rulers should "do nothing" to interfere with the natural process of change. d. Authoritarian rulers should provide strict laws and moral education.
c. Rulers should "do nothing" to interfere with the natural process of change.
How did temples and their priests function differently in Mesopotamian society from earlier, village-based societies? a. Workers in a temple were required to focus solely on spiritual activities to maintain their ritual purity. b. Temple priesthoods rejected long-distance trade as bringing "foreign" elements into the community, whereas earlier societies eagerly sought trade. c. Temples supported all sorts of economic productive activities within their walls. d. Temple priesthoods maintained a strict separation of state and religion, whereas earlier societies were ruled by priest-kings.
c. Temples supported all sorts of economic productive activities within their walls.
What was a consequence of the defeat of the Persians at Thermopylae and Salamis in 480 BCE? a. Initially the Greeks gained mastery over Anatolia, providing them a base for attacks into the Persian heartland. b. Outlying Persian cities allied with the Greeks in rebellion against the empire. c. The defeat of the Persians quickly led to a permanent Persian withdrawal from Anatolia. d. The balance of power shifted and the Greeks began to lose ground to Persia.
c. The defeat of the Persians quickly led to a permanent Persian withdrawal from Anatolia.
Which of the following is true of the Sea Peoples? a. They became known as the Carthaginians. b. They settled in northern Africa, from where they dominated the western Mediterranean Sea. c. They disrupted the social order of the Minoans on the island of Crete. d. They were migrants from southeastern Africa who adopted boats as a primary means of transportation.
c. They disrupted the social order of the Minoans on the island of Crete.
In early riverine China, which of the following best describes the rate of urbanization and the factors that contributed to it? a. Urbanization took place more rapidly in China than in Egypt and Mesopotamia, as the rice-growing regions in the south shared information with the millet-growing regions in the north. b. Urbanization in China was slower than in Egypt and Mesopotamia, because China did not have outside trade. c. Urbanization in China was slower than in Egypt and Mesopotamia, because of geographic barriers and less easily domesticated plants and animals. d. Urbanization in China took place more rapidly than in Egypt and Mesopotamia, because China's open geography allowed for the rapid diffusion of intellectual and cultural breakthroughs from other parts of Afro-Eurasia.
c. Urbanization in China was slower than in Egypt and Mesopotamia, because of geographic barriers and less easily domesticated plants and animals.
The emergence of monotheism amongst the Israelites: a. was rejected by the prophets, who broke off to form splinter groups. b. unified a people who had long rejected all outside cultural influences. c. came after a period of henotheism, in which one god has power and ascendancy over other spirits and deities that still exist. d. was universally encouraged by the priestly elite, who hoped to expand their power by developing a single ethnic community worshipping a single deity.
c. came after a period of henotheism, in which one god has power and ascendancy over other spirits and deities that still exist.
The Hittites established their dominance in Anatolia when they unified the
chariot aristocracies
The prosperity of the large-scale commercial plantations (latifundia) established by the Romans depended on:
chattel slavery.
The type of slavery that emerged in the Mediterranean city-states was
chattel slavery.
Based on the map supplied below, the following regional cultures flourished in East Asia from 5000 to 2000 BCE except:
china
the urban-rural divide of early cities means
cities produced specialized good while villages relied only on agriculture
The urban-rural divide of the early cities means
cities produced specialized goods & villages relies on in agriculture
Amenemhet I's elevation of the minor god Amun to prominence: a. raised the standing of the merchant class, who had adopted Amun as their patron. b. was criticized after several poor rainy seasons led to drought conditions. c. angered the priestly class and caused a civil war that destroyed the Twelfth Dynasty. d. contributed to greater unification of the kingdom and power for the pharaoh.
contributed to greater unification of the kingdom and power for the pharaoh.
Bronze is made by combining arsenic and tin with what metal?
copper
which of the following formed a basis for trade for crete with egypt and the levant
copper from crete was exchanged for luxury objects
Zoroastrianism asserted that
corpses were to be exposed to the elements where animals would devour them so that the earth would not be contaminated by death.
Free market development in the Greek city-states
correlated to a change from barter and exchange to the use of money.
Free-market development in the Greek city-states
correlated to a change from barter and exchange to the use of money.
Mayan mathematicians
could chart lunar and solar cycles with amazing accuracy.
Mayan mathematicians:
could chart lunar and solar cycles with amazing accuracy.
Which of the following reflects a way that the Persians integrated their multiethnic empire? a. All subject peoples were required to convert to Zoroastrianism, in order to create a common religion throughout the kingdom. b. Persian administrators taught Old Persian to the local populations in order to create a common language for governmental affairs. c. Local provinces were allowed to keep their own currency and standards of weights and measures in order to promote trade. d. All subject peoples were required only to give loyalty and pay tribute to the king.
d. All subject peoples were required only to give loyalty and pay tribute to the king.
Which of the following is a valid comparison between Mahavira and Siddhartha Gautama? a. Both believed that prayer rituals to the gods must be strictly observed so that the gods would intercede to aid the believer. b. Both believed that by strict adherence to caste rules one might be reborn into a higher caste. c. Both believed that asceticism is the path to permanent bliss. d. Both were Kshatriyas who spent part of their lives practicing asceticism.
d. Both were Kshatriyas who spent part of their lives practicing asceticism.
In what way did ancient Egyptian villagers learn to exploit the Nile River? a. By building irrigation systems to constantly supply water to fields. b. By developing elaborate trade networks along its many western tributaries. c. By building irrigation systems that stored water in underground cisterns for use during dry seasons. d. By building basins that trapped rich silt as the Nile overflowed its banks.
d. By building basins that trapped rich silt as the Nile overflowed its banks.
What was the reason that the domestication of the camel was a major agent of change in overland trade in the first millennium BCE? a. Camels were considered a delicacy and trade in their meat caused an increase in inter-regional trade. b. Camels became farm animals in regions that were too poor to support cattle, permitting the expansion of agriculture. c. Camels became a center of cult worship among nomads, leading them to attack settled regions to spread their new religion. d. Camels facilitated caravan travel across deserts in Afro-Eurasia, encouraging long distance trade between regions.
d. Camels facilitated caravan travel across deserts in Afro-Eurasia, encouraging long distance trade between regions.
During the Eastern Zhou dynasty's Spring and Autumn period, which of the following resulted in a political power shift from the central state to local authorities? a. New interpretations of oracle bones discouraged local gentlemen from supporting the central state. b. New discoveries in hydrology increased the power of rural agriculture. c. New sextants, which allowed local rulers to create accurate calendars without the royal astronomers. d. Cheaper and more abundant weapons, products from new iron smelting techniques.
d. Cheaper and more abundant weapons, products from new iron smelting techniques.
Around 1200 BCE, which of the following was an effect of environmental change in the lands bordering the eastern Mediterranean? a. The Hittites prospered because they controlled the rich agricultural region along the Tigris River. b. Desperate farmers in the Indus River valley migrated westward, settling in Mesopotamia. c. The Mycenaean Greeks used the warmer weather to increase exports of wine and olives. d. Decreased Nile flooding forced pharaohs to secure food supplies and repel invaders such as the Sea Peoples.
d. Decreased Nile flooding forced pharaohs to secure food supplies and repel invaders such as the Sea Peoples.
Which of the following was used to integrate the Neo-Assyrian Empire? a. Internal trade to supply military resources b. Soldiers of different ethnic groups mingled together c. Required work from all families on monumental architecture d. Forced labor and relocation of large numbers of conquered peoples
d. Forced labor and relocation of large numbers of conquered peoples
Which of the following describes the foundation of Olmec culture in Mesoamerica? a. It was built upon previous cultures of Central America. b. It emerged from the large cities where most people lived. c. It developed without the emergence of a priestly class. d. It consisted of decentralized villages that were linked by trade in ritual objects.
d. It consisted of decentralized villages that were linked by trade in ritual objects.
Which of the following accurately describes the goals of axial age thinkers? a. Training military leaders to use the forces of nature against opposing armies b. Training government bureaucrats to effectively run states c. Teaching priests proper beliefs and individuals to treat each other with kindness d. Teaching rulers to govern justly and individuals to live ethically
d. Teaching rulers to govern justly and individuals to live ethically
Which of the following was a response by the Zhou royal house as it began to lose control over regional lords in the ninth and eighth centuries BCE? a. The Zhou managed to hold on to power until a peasant revolt drove the Zhou from their capital. b. The last Zhou rulers allied with northern steppe invaders against local leaders within the empire. c. The Zhou attacked the people of the steppe to try to demonstrate their military power. d. The Zhou introduced ritual reforms and grandiose ceremonies involving bronze vessels.
d. The Zhou introduced ritual reforms and grandiose ceremonies involving bronze vessels.
Which achievement of the Phoenicians had the greatest long-term impact on the Mediterranean world? a. The sextant, which led to the creation of astronomy b. Lateen sails, which improved long-distance trade c. Monotheism, which led to the beliefs of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam d. The alphabet, which permitted more wide-spread literacy
d. The alphabet, which permitted more wide-spread literacy
In what way did Darius I ensure that the satraps actually sent the central government the wealth of the peripheral provinces? a. The satraps could be enslaved if they failed to account for all taxes collected. b. The satraps were only appointed from the most highly respected men of their provinces. c. The satraps were required to leave close family members as hostages in Persepolis to ensure their good behavior. d. The satraps were closely monitored by military officers, tax collectors, and the "eyes of the king."
d. The satraps were closely monitored by military officers, tax collectors, and the "eyes of the king."
What evidence suggests that the four-group caste system of South Asia was based on encounters with people of different complexions and cultures? a. It had its roots in a myth about the meeting of mystical horses, each representing one of the four castes. b. It originated with the Vedic people's nomadic life on the central Asian plains. c. It was uniformly enforced throughout South Asia, putting conquered people in the lowest caste. d. The word Varna means color in Sanskrit.
d. The word Varna means color in Sanskrit.
In what way did Vedic pastoralists adapt to society in South Asia? a. They adopted the language and religion of the local people. b. They developed trading networks in order to obtain much-needed copper. c. They gave up their veneration of horses and substituted veneration of cattle. d. They learned agricultural practices from the local people and developed those.
d. They learned agricultural practices from the local people and developed those.
Which of the following was an important difference between Harappan and Egyptian societies? a. Unlike the Egyptians, Harappans built no monumental structures for their communities. b. Harappan farmers' cultivation yielded surpluses, while Egyptian farmers struggled to avoid famine. c. Egyptian writing was limited to religious purposes, while Harappans composed epic poems. d. Unlike the Egyptians, there is no indication that the Harappans had kings or built royal tombs
d. Unlike the Egyptians, there is no indication that the Harappans had kings or built royal tombs.
Which of the following correctly characterizes the Zhou state? a. Zhou rulers sought to control local principalities through military intimidation and threats to withhold grain shipments on the canals. b. The Zhou state monopolized the resources of the region, leaving their opponents without power to oppose them. c. The Zhou state became a regional superpower, dominating nearby kingdoms. d. Zhou rulers relied on culture and ideology, such as the mandate of heaven, to maintain leadership among rival powers within and without its borders.
d. Zhou rulers relied on culture and ideology, such as the mandate of heaven, to maintain leadership among rival powers within and without its borders.
The sculpture gardens of the Olmec
depicted rulers and gods.
The principal long-term effect of the Crusades was
deteriorating conditions for non-Western Christians in the Muslim world.
The Olmecs
developed a tradition of ball sports that were linked to worship of the rain god.
To help track the growing seasons, the Shang
developed a twelve-month calendar, 360-day lunar calendar
To help track the growing seasons, the Shang
developed a twelve-month, 360-day lunar calendar.
to help track the growing seasons, the Shang
developed a twelve-month, 360-day lunar calendar.
The mastery of fire meant hominids had all of the following EXCEPT
developed agriculture
How did europe overcome isolation?
developing regional alliances
When Homo sapiens migrated out of Africa between 50,000 and 12,000 BCE: a. they sailed from island to island in the Pacific Ocean until they arrived in South America around 30,000 BCE. b. few moved into central or eastern Asia because there were no large mammals to hunt in these regions. c. many moved into what is now Europe, where they merged with Homo erectus. d. distinct regional cultures developed as a response to different environments.
distinct regional cultures developed as a response to different environments.
The Law Code of Hammurapi
divided society into three classes: freeman, dependent man, and slave
Pastoralist humans
domesticated horses, which have them decisive advantages in transportation and warfare
The Vedic people
established long-distance trade network to ensure the ability to obtain horses.
Mahayana Buddhism
established the divinity of the Buddha.
Sargon the Great
established the first multiethnic state
Monotheism
existed in Zoroastrianism and for a time in Egypt, but was made stricter in Judaism.
Human Language
expanded into nineteen separate language families as humans moved out of Africa.
larger structures such as a village are put together by smaller structures such as houses and families (t/f)
false
Ancient Egyptian society developed from a small clan of nomads who traveled north up the Nile River
false.
cdfasf
farbds
The Roman Empire
forged an unparalleled number of ethnic groups and minor states into a single political entity.
Ancient China:
had a large agrarian region in which communities were spread out from each other
Ancient China
had a large agrarian region in which communities were spread out from each other.
The Olmecs
had a priestly class that controlled the exchange of ritual objects.
Ancient Egypt
had nearly all of its needed natural resources available locally.
The Indus Valley:
had plentiful water from the Himalayas that ensured flourishing vegetation
The Indus Valley:
had plentiful water from the Himalayas that ensured flourishing vegetation.
All of the following characterize horses in ancient Afro-Eurasia EXCEPT:
harnessing horses was a relatively easy process because their anatomy made it easier to control the direction of their movement
The success of the horse-drawn chariot relied on
harnessing horses, spoke-wheels, iron, & speed
Around 12,000 years ago, what was the main effect of population pressure and changing climate conditions on modern humans
humans learned to domesticated plants and animals
The first territorial state was established
in Akkad by Sargon the Great.
was engaged in a trading system that linked the Aegean and Southwest Asian worlds
in Anatolia, Crete, and mainland Greece, archaeological findings indicate that Troy
Prehistoric cave painting:
includes few images of humans
Which of the following characterizes african agriculture
individuals leaving the sahel carried knowledge about domestication of plants an animals with them into other parts of africa
Carthage welcomed Hellenistic culture because
it facilitated communication and exchange, helping it trade with Phoenician colonies.
contract
it was common practice in Mesopotamian society after the invention of cuneiform to enclose a ___________ in a clay envelope, with a copy of the contract on the outside. This ensured no one had tampered with the details.
The Shang dynasty had unprecedented dominance over its neighbors because of:
its access to copper and tin and the technology to produce bronze from them
The most important precious substance in East Asia was:
jade
order the social groups of ancient sumerian cities from top to bottom according to their professions
king's and priests bureaucrats (scribes and accountants) supervisors craft workers (cooks, gardeners) farm laborers slaves
All of the following contributed to the maritime revolution that facilitated the growth of long-distance trade except
lack of protection from political authorities.
Early Homo Sapiens (prior to 10,000 BCE) were distinguished from other early humans by use of
language
Which of the following skills characteristic of hominids developed last?
language
The Sasanian Empire:
learned military techniques and technologies from central and South Asian peoples.
Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha
lived part of his life as a begger and hermit.
which of the following contributed to the fall of the old kingdom in egypt
local magnates assumed control of provinces
In the Neo-Assyrian Empire,
local rulers of conquered people continued to hold power as vassals of Assyria.
By studying modern hunter-gatherer societies such as the San and !Kung, scholars can infer that early Homo sapiens' art works were used to:
mark important ritual sites
By studying modern hunter-gatherer societies such as the San and !Kung, scholars can infer that early Homo sapiens' art works were used to: a. mark important ritual sites. b. reinforce gender roles. c. improve tool making techniques. d. create portraits of leaders.
mark important ritual sites
In Sumerian households
monogamy was the norm
All of the following characterize the Han social order except
monumental architecture in China became associated with sites of mass entertainment such as theaters and sporting arenas.
The Maya people:
never developed a single great city.
As environmental conditions changed, nomads and herders gained an advantage on settled populations because
nomads and herders adjusted quicker to the dryer conditions
In Mesopotamian cities, all of the following are true regarding palaces except:
palaces were built in the centers of cities to emphasize the ruler's authority.
Who did the Mesopotamian urbanites look down on?
pastoralists such as the amorites.
The Shang state in China can be best described as a
patrimonial theocracy.
All of the following characterized the new territorial states EXCEPT:
people came to view a good king as one who established fear and obedience among his people
All of the following characterized the new territorial states except:
people came to view a good king as one who established fear and obedience among his people.
What was one effect of ag surpluses on early riverine urban societies? a. people relied in councils of the elders to organize complex societies b. people became isolated from those living in the countryside c. people could specialize in making goods for the consumption of others d. people abandoned trade as they were now self sufficient
people could specialize in making goods for the consumption of others
In Assyrian society
people enslaved due to debts were still permitted to marry free partners and engage in financial transactions
the early cities are characterized by all of the following except one
people in general had to work less hard
The Babylonians
produced the first narratives of purely human achievements.
To secure their authority in new urban environments, the Brahmans
promoted an idea of kingship endowed with divine power, which was validated through rituals performed by Brahman priests.
The Brahman caste in Vedic society
promoted cultural unity and pride through common ritual practices.
The Shang Dynasty
promoted new technologies in agriculture, draining low-lying fields and clearing forested lands.
Along its northern and western borders, the Han
promoted the establishment of garrison cities and oases as military and farming settlements that became part of the Silk Road.
In terms of its agricultural policies, the Qin dynasty
promoted the shift to free farming, then farmers could be directly taxed by the Qin state.
In terms of its agricultural policies, the Qin dynasty
promoted the shift to free farming, which could then be directly taxed by the Qin state.
Rebus
representation that transfers meaning from the name of a thing to the sound of the thing.
Cong tubes
ritual object crafter by the Liangzhu
The Shang dynasty rulers obtained tribute from all of the following except:
rival states who feared invasion.
What great advantage did the Vikings possess that aided their raiding and conquest?
ships that could travel up rivers and handle the open waters of the North Atlantic.
In the Steppe lands of Inner Mongolia
small communities turned primarily to animal breeding and herding
Peasant-led revolts during the period of crisis and recovery in Afro-Eurasia
sometimes led to the overthrow of the ruling power and the establishment of a new dynasty.
Hammurapi
sought to create social order by centralizing state authority and creating a new legal code, a grand legal structure that embodied paternal justice.
Merchants in Mesopotamian kingdoms...
sought to lower their risk by creating commercial rules and developing early forms of insurance.
The sumerian list of professions is a very important document. it revealed to us a very important characteristic of complex social structure. This characteristic is
specialization (differentiation)
which of the following is an accurate reason for the rise of trade between cities and their hinterlands
specialized craft workers required raw materials to produe finished products
Orrorin tugenensis
species found in East Africa, some of the earliest evidence of bipedalism
Buddhism's spread was helped by all but which of the following ways?
support from Zoroastrians in the Persian Empire, who helped spread the religion to the West.
In general, during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, religion
supported political dynasties in their efforts to consolidate and rule.
the ____ in sumerian cities was so central in the city of eridu that it was rebuilt in the same spot around 20 times
temple
Two powerful institutions (structures) governed the ancient sumerian cities in the third millennium. they are the ______ & _______
temple; palace
How did priests and temples of mesopotamia function differently than earlier, village based societies
temples supported all sorts of economic productivity within their walls
All of the following are true regarding the nomadic peoples who helped to establish the Silk Road except
the Chinese state offered financial incentive to the nomadic traders to extend their trade routes to China.
In the Mediterranean islands around 1500 BCE, all of the folowing are true except
the Cretan landscape was so poorly designed for agriculture that no elaborate cities or palace complexes could form
To which African political unit do the following terms—Sundiata, Mansa Musa, Timbuktu—correspond?
the Empire of Mali.
Afro-Eurasia's first regionally integrated empire was
the Neo-Assyrian state
predictable flood waters that could be dammed for their rich silt, thus helping agriculture
the Nile river was characterized by which of the following
Greek influences in central and South Asia included all of the following except
the Ptolemaic kingdom of Iran.
All of the following were elements of the Roman world except
the Romans relied on a labor force of free workers since slavery violated Roman conceptions of citizenship.
Mesopotamian urban centers were located near:
the Tigris and Euphrates river
In the development of Islamic law
the Ulama claimed the right to be the lawmakers as only they had the right to interpret the Quran and the hadith.
In the development of Islamic law,
the Ulama claimed the right to be the lawmakers as only they had the right to interpret the Quran and the hadith.
All of the following are accurate descriptions of the Vedic people EXCEPT:
the Vedic people practiced a religion that was much simpler than the religion of the agricultural people they encountered around the Indus Valley
Which location is not one of the three locations in which cities first emerged?
the Yellow River basin
All of the following characterize the social and economic transformations in China under the Zhou dynasty except
the Zhou sought to undermine family structures in order to promote royal authority.
The single trait that marks the most successful early hominids, compared to those hominids that died out, was
the ability to adapt to changing physical environments
All of the following are advantages that bipedalism offered early hominids except:
the ability to fight off predators
the single most important reason that allowed for the appearance of cities in river valleys is
the availability of water independent of rain
Which political belief had the effect of integrating the people of the outlying regions with the Zhou state?
the belief that the Zhou had the duty to extend their culture to 'less civilized' people
In the Assyrian empire
the conquered people who lived outside Assyria provided tribute that went to the king to support the court and the military.
which of the following accurately describes an effect of the dissemination of agricultural crops and techniques from southwest asia to europe?
the first european domesticated crops included southwest asian crops - wheat and barley
HOMO sapiens
the first modern humans were
sumerian temples were composed of a central hall with an alter, surrounded on both sides with a storage room and workshops. the architectural plan stems from the fact that the temple was considered
the god's house and estate
whats the difference between harrappan culture and other river valley cultures
the lack of clear records of political structure
According to Assyrian ideology
the national god Ashur commanded all Assyrians to support the endless growth of empire.
Christianity in western Europe between 600 and 1000 CE can be characterized as all of the following except
the strength of the Catholic Church derived in large part from the fact that nearly all Christians lived in the European lands under its religious authority.
Royal Tomb of Ur underscored the social hierarchies of the ancient Mesopotamian cities. The tomb housed all of the following except for
the surviving spouse (i.e. the king)
If the definition of settled agriculture includes ______, then the first example of settled agriculture likely occurred in West Africa around 11,000 years ago.
the systemic collection of aquatic life from lakes and streams.
bipedalism and control of fire
the two main features of Homo erectus that distinguished them from their competitors were...
early cities appeared in all of the following river valleys except
the volga
We know very little about Harappan society today because:
their writing has not been translated
We know very little about Harappan society today because
their writing has not been translated.
The organizing principle of Shang state was
theocracy
How did Longshan culture differ from other examples in this chapter?
they developed a tradition of sage-kings
which of the following is true of nomadic pastoralists?
they domesticated horses which gave them decisive advantages in transportation and warfare
All of the following describe the people known as the Toltecs except
they had regular interaction with Caribbean cultures via sea routes.
Universal religions claimed to help followers distinguish between right and wrong. All of the following were consequences of this except
they limited the ability of religions to spread beyond their original boundaries.
Universal religions claimed to help followers distinguish between right and wrong. All of the following were consequences of this except:
they limited the ability of religions to spread beyond their original boundaries.
As the Bantu peoples began to migrate out of West Africa:
they moved rapidly, merging themselves into local populations and adopting their traditions and rituals.
Roman emperors used which of the following to calm the peoples concerns about the reinstitution of monarchy?
they presented themselves as civil rulers whose power depended on the consent of the Roman citizens and the power of the army
Why were pastoralists important to settled agriculturalists
they transmitted ideas, products, and people across long distances, linking villages with a wider world
Egyptian commoners practiced their religion in what way?
they visited local shrines & used magic
Why is Hammurabi's code important?
this code is important because it provides much insight into the Babylonian society does agriculture was the most important occupation in the greatest source of wealth many of the laws concerning the cultivation of fields in the maintenance of irrigation systems
Scythian ethos
this was a warrior ethos that embodied the extremes of aggressive mountedhorse culture. In part the result of the constant struggle between settlers, hunter-gatherers, and nomads on the northern frontier of Europe,
The main bearer of influence from Southwest Asia into the Aegean Sea region was
trade.
As the Old Kingdom in Egypt waned, the Egyptian state became less centralized, and high officials began claiming power that had once been the sole province of the pharaoh. (t/f)
true
By 3500 BCE, most people in the world still lived as hunter-gatherers, nomads, or in small agricultural societies.
true
T/F Evolution is the process by which the different species of the world adapted in response to their often changing environments in ways that enabled them to survive and increase in numbers.
true
T/F Hammurabi borrowed from the Egyptians the image of the ruler as shepherd and patriarch of his people, responsible for their well-being.
true
T/F Northern Europe was relatively slow to adopt many of the innovations made elsewhere in Afro-Eurasia, such as settled agriculture, domesticated animals, chariots, long-distance trade, and large territorial states.
true
T/F The Mediterranean islands of the Aegean civilization served as important hubs that linked the mainland peoples of western Asia and Europe with the islanders.
true
T/F The differences among humans are primarily cultural.
true
T/F The formation of settled communities promoted craft specialization, as some villagers became craft workers while others led rituals and sacrifices.
true
T/F The new territorial state based its authority on monarchs, large bureaucracies, elaborate legal codes, definable borders, and plans for continuous expansion.
true
as agricultural societies became larger and more stratified, the rough gender egalitarianism of hunting and gathering societies eroded (t/f)
true
fossil evidence of damage to the vertebrae and osteoarthritis in the toes is proof that women were responsible for agricultural drudge labor such as bending and kneeling in the fields (t/f)
true
in ancient sumeria, the marriage between a man and a woman was a contract whereby the man provides for the family and the woman bears children (t/f)
true
the first hominids appeared in southern and eastern africa (t/f)
true
Hammurabi borrowed from the Egyptians the image of the ruler as shepherd and patriarch of his people, responsible for their well-being.
true.
Lucy exhibited all of the following traits except 1
used language to communicate
As a center of intellectual life and learning, Timbuktu
was a major point of congregation, bringing together knowledge from around the Muslim world.
Sumerian Religion
was depicted in the Epic of Gilgamesh
Cato the Elder
was devoted to the Roman past but used Greek for speech and writing.
Cato the elder
was devoted to the Roman past but used Greek for speech and writing.
In Anatolia, Crete, and mainland Greece, archaeological findings that indicate that Troy
was engaged in a trading system that linked the Aegean and Southwest Asian worlds
In anatolia, crete, and greece, findings indicate that troy....
was engaged in a trading system that linked the aegean sea and the southwest asian world
Religiously, the Sasanian Empire
was quite tolerant of religious difference; not only Judaism and Christianity but South Asian practices coexisted.
Religiously, the Sasanian Empire:
was quite tolerant of religious difference; not only Judaism and Christianity but South Asian practices coexisted.
tokens
were called "enigmatic objects" or "objects of uncertain purpose," because scholars were utterly bemused about their purpose and meaning. Realizing they must have stood for things, they were called _____________, the name by which they are now known. But still no one had any idea what they stood for, or how they were used.
Islamic philosophers
were considered among the most knowledgeable of their time, and influenced the thinking of Western philosophers like Saint Thomas Aquinas.
First cities in Mesopotamia
were elevated over the countryside by their status as devotional and economic centers.
The first cities in Mesopotamia: a. developed in a haphazard manner without planning or organization. b. grew very rapidly when new crops were introduced into the region. c. were dominated by the central city of Eridu. d. were elevated over the countryside by their status as devotional and economic centers.
were elevated over the countryside by their status as devotional and economic centers.
they were much more diverse than commonly thought
what has surprised scientist about early hominids?
Debate over who the modern humans were is based on-
whether bipedalism or toolmaking was the distinguishing trait
The Sahel developed agricultural techniques by copying and borrowing from Southwest Asia
which of the following fails to characterize the developments in the Sahel region of Africa?
commoners were denied the access to temple group and shrines as a symbol of their submission to kingly authority
which of the following inaccurately characterizes Egyptian religion
writing in Mesopotamia developed as a form of hieroglyphics
which of the following statement about the invention of writing in Mesopotamia is false
residents burned deer scapulas to communicate with the dead
which of the following statements correctly characterizes Longshan culture in China
In Mesopotamia, the stepped platform base of a temple was called a
ziggurat
In Mesopotamia, the stepped platform base of a temple was called a(n):
ziggurat
frequent floods created silt like soil throughout the region
What is NOT the reason Southwest Asia became the center of an agricultural revolution
What happened to the culture of Homo sapiens when they migrated out of Africa between 50,000 and 12,000 B.C.E.? Why did this happen?
When the Homo sapiens migrated out of Africa their culture became more complex. As they migrated, they began to develop hand signals which later evolved to the language we speak today this cultural breakthrough This happened due to the instinct to communicate and through the evolution of simple commands and hand signals
Minoan culture mixed imported and indigenous influences. Which of the following represents an indigenous trait?
Worship of a female deity, known as the "Lady."
communication
_______________ is the ability to write that allows our words to move far beyond the normal range of the voice and thus extends the expression of our thoughts geographically and chronologically.
Cro-Magnon predated Netherlands
all of the following are true about Cro- Magnon except for:
In the Shang dynasty in China:
all political and religious power was held by the ruling family
In the Shang dynasty in China
all political and religious power was held by the ruling family.
Trade networks in Egypt
allowed merchants to become wealthy
nomad
People who move without settling permanently.
Rules of Hammurabis code
1. It's a builder meet a house for a person but it wasn't strong and caused the owner to die than the builder would die to 2. If a person destroys the RI have a member of the aristocrats he shall destroy his eye I 3. If a senior wishes to divorce his wife who did not give him children he shall give her money to the full amount of her marriage price
Liangzhu
A cong tube was made of jade and was used in divination practices.
Which of the following identifies a political accommodation that followed the sudden death of Alexander the Great?
Alexander's generals carved out regional kingdoms modeled on those of the rulers the generals had defeated.
Empire
An extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority.
Knossos
Area in Crete where, during the second millennium BCE, a primary palace town existed.
Nabonidus
Babylon king, antagonized the priests of Marduk, wanted the moon God sin to be the chief deity
The late Han Empire suffered from all but which of the following problems?
Bandits called the Yellow Turbans, who terrorized common people and elite alike
Why did the old kingdom in egypt fall?
Changes in climate.
Where did Austronesian speaking people originate?
Coastal South China
Which of the following is true for cities in South Asia as well as for cities in Greece and China around 500 BCE?
Coins came into use around this time, which improved commerce in urban areas
Mycenaeans
Competitors of the minoans.
Which of the following accurately describes Confucius's teaching?
Confucius set forth a new moral framework stressing correct performance of ritual, responsibility, loyalty to the family, and perfection of moral character.
Liangzhu
Cong tube. Made of jade
The Roman emperor who first granted recognition of and privileges to Christianity was
Constantine.
The Roman emperor who first granted recognition of and privileges to Christianity was:
Constantine.
Which of the following was essential to Harappan economic power?
Control of the extraction & trade in gemstones
Which of the following was essential to Harappan economic power? a. Control of trade routes through northern India b. Control of the extraction and trade in gemstones c. Control of navigational techniques used by sailors along the Indian Ocean coast d.Control of salt deposits in the Indus River basin
Control of the extraction and trade in gemstones
Which region developed agriculture borrowing rather than innovation
Europe
Which region developed agriculture through borrowing rather than innovation
Europe
Which region developed agriculture through borrowing rather than innovation?
Europe
Herodotus
Greek historian, lived during fifth century, considered to be "father of history"
Which of the following is true of culture in the Seleucid Empire?
Greek populations established institutions familiar to them from the polis
Plato is characterized by all of the following except which?
He taught that the study of history provided the best model from which to learn moral lessons for governance.
Which group of human ancestors first migrated out of Africa
Homo erectus
The first modern humans were
Homo sapiens
The first modern humans were-
Homo sapiens
were the first hominids to cross into the Americas
Homo sapiens
The Cro-magnon were
Homo sapiens who replaced the Neanderthals in Europe.
Buddha
Indian religious leader and founder of Buddhism
Which one of the following characterizes African agriculture?
Individuals leaving the Sahel carried knowledge about domestication of plants and animals with them into other parts of Africa.
What led many Egyptian villagers to pray at local shrines and believe in the power of magical amulets? a. The priesthood in Egypt was weak and did not satisfy the needs of the local villagers. b. Villagers had a different set of gods and beliefs from those of the temples and court. c. Since villagers were illiterate, they could not participate in temple rituals. d. Local villagers were physically far removed from temple life, and so turned to other means of satisfying their religious needs.
Local villagers were physically far removed from temple life, and so turned to other means of satisfying their religious needs.
The growth of early Christianity in the first three centuries AD coincided with the appearance of what central figures in Christian communities?
Martyrs
Which of the following accurately describes Mayan culture?
Mayan priests were skilled mathematicians who integrated mathematics with astronomy and worked out an accurate calendar.
Cities of Assyria
Nineveh, Dur-Sharrakin, and Assur
Which of the following was a major cause of the Roman Empire's fall in the West?
Overextension of the empire, leading to high taxes and constant demands for more manpower
Beringia
PREHISTORIC THOUSAND MILE LONG LAND BRIDGE THAT LINKED SIBERIA AND NORTH AMERICA
The caravan city that became the most important western end for the Silk Road under the Romans was
Palmyra.
What characterized Austronesian settlements in the South Pacific? a. Pottery, written scripts, and rice cultivation b. Written scripts, ritual human sacrifice, and domesticated pigs c. Pottery, stone tools, and domesticated pigs d. Ritual human sacrifice, rice cultivation, and stone tools
Pottery, stone tools, and domesticated pigs
Which of the following best characterizes economic changes in China's economy in the first few centuries BCE?
Power shifted away from the agrarian elite and into the hands of traders and financiers.
The Japanese prince whom the Soga kinship group identified as the primary political innovator of the Yamato dynasty was
Prince Shotoku.
included villages, such as Eridu, that were considered homes to the gods
Sumerian religion
Ziggurats
Temples that resemble pyramids
Which of the following gave the Vedic people military superiority over the Indus dwellers? a. The Vedic people had mastered iron metallurgy and the use of the phalanx. b. The Vedic people used their simpler written language to send messages during battles. c. The Vedic people brought large flocks of cattle with them, which consumed the crops of the Indus Valley people. d. The Vedic people were horse charioteers and masters of copper and bronze metallurgy.
The Vedic people were horse charioteers and masters of copper and bronze metallurgy.
Polytheism
The belief in more than one God
Which of the following did not contribute to the development of Europe's Christian identity?
The continued emphasis on Christianity as a religion of monks
What was a significant change that resulted from the expansion of trade routes in the first centuries BCE?
The cultures of Egypt and Mesopotamia faded as sources of innovation and knowledge.
What was a consequence of the defeat of the Persians at Thermopylae and Salamis in 480 BCE?
The defeat of the Persians quickly led to a permanent Persian withdrawal from Anatolia
What led to the rise of the first major city-states in Southwest Asia? a. The need to defend against foreign invaders by banding together b. The presence of lush forests with many navigable rivers c. The presence of active religious pilgrimage sites for ceremonies and rituals d. The local availability of large domesticable animals and a variety of cereal grains
The local availability of large domesticable animals and a variety of cereal grains
What led to the rise of the first major city-states in Southwest Asia?
The local availability of large domesticatable animals ad a variety of cereal grains
Where is the region known as the Fertile Crescent? a. The region of Southwest Asia with rich soils and regular rainfall in which the agricultural revolution first appeared b. The Andes Mountains, in which tool fabrication first appeared c. The region of Southeast Asia, where scholars found evidence of rice cultivation d. The regions of southern France and northern Spain, where many cave paintings have been discovered
The region of Southwest Asia with rich soils and regular rainfall in which the agricultural revolution first appeared
What evidence suggests that the four-group caste system of South Asia was based on encounters with people of different complexions and cultures?
The word Varma means color in Sanskrit
What led to the diffusion of agricultural techniques from the Sahel region to other parts of Africa around 2000 BCE?
The world is becoming warmer and the Sahara desert starting to expand cause the regions and happens to disburse this led to the diffusion of agricultural techniques
As the Zhou dynasty declined
The zhou expanded its family rituals in order to retain the appearance of power.
Under whose rule did Athens become a naval powerhouse and defeat the Persians?
Themistocles
The official who seized power during the Han dynasty and attempted to implement reforms was
Wang Mang.
In Anatolia, Crete, & mainland Greece, archaeological findings indicate that Troy:
Was engaged in a trading system that linked the Aegean & southwest Asian Worlds
Debate over who the modern humans were is based on
Whether bipedalism or toolmaking was the distinguishing trait
by the second century bce, nomadic pastoralism had occurred in
the steppes of central asia and inner mongolia
Cosmopolitans
"Citizen of the world." Having people from many different parts of the world.
Axial Age
"Pivotal Age". Characterizing the period of ancient history during the 8th to 3rd centuries BCE
Homo habilis means
"Skillful man"
Among the western Bantu-speaking people of the rain forest regions, leadership in their communities often fell to
"big men" who drew followers to them.
Among the western Bantu-speaking people of the rain forest regions, leadership in their communities often fell to:
"big men" who drew followers to them.
Homo habilis means
"skillful man"
Order the following social groups of the ancient Sumerian cities from top to bottom according to their place on the social pyramid (see list of professions)
- 1 king & priests - 2 bureaucrats (scribes & accountants) - 3 supervisors (master of crafts) - 4 craftworkers (cooks, gardeners, potters) - 5 Farm laborers -6 slaves
The Rise of a script (writing system) in ancient Mesopotamia took around 800 years. Organize, in chronological order (older to newer), the stages of development of that writing system
-1 tokens & images from seals -2 pictures to convey meaning -3 abstract symbols to convey words -4 symbols to convey syllables
What was the most important consequence of the large-scale ecological changes in Africa two hundred thousand years ago? a. Retreating ice sheets created the savannas, which favored Homo habilis. b.Larger-brained, quicker, more adaptable Homo sapiens survived and spread out of Africa. c. Neanderthals and Cro Magnons fought a war over resources which led to the extinction of Neanderthals. d. Australopithecines survived by building structures to store water
.Larger-brained, quicker, more adaptable Homo sapiens survived and spread out of Africa.
after the invention of cuneiform script, ancient sumerians started producing religious, historical, and political content starting from
2,400bce
royal palaces in sumerian cities appeared around
2,500 bc
royal palaces in ancient sumerian cities appeared around
2,500 bce
the first writing system (script) appeared in sumeria around
3,200 bce
the rise of the cities around the world happened between
3,500 and 2,000 bce
Tiglathpilesar lll
745 to 727 BC, is referred to as Pul or Pulu in the bible, during his reign, roads were built, postal service was created to enable Assyrians to administer this region,provincial governors were placed to administer the law, collect taxes, and conscript soldiers for the Assyrian army
Sir Henry Rawlinson
A British Army officer was unaware of Grote fence fines became interested in the inscriptions on the histamine rock he also decided that the repetition of sets of symbols might be the titles of Persian kings. He deciphered the Akkadian cuneiform.
Georg Friedrich Grotefend
A German school master, helped deciphere The old Persian scrpit by saying a / had been used as a divider between words and found that the same set of symbols occurred repeatedly on success of lines this led him to believe that the sets might represent the titles of Persian kings. Found archaeology find of the Behistun Rock in 1802
City-state
A city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.
What characterized the Code of Hammurapi? a. The role of the priestly class to represent divine order b. Equal punishments for all social classes c. A clear relationship between crimes and the severity of punishments d. The role of the king as the kind but firm father figure
A clear relationship between crimes and the severity of punishments
What characterized the Code of Hammurapi?
A clear relationship between crimes and the severity of punishments.
Vedic migrations into South Asia resulted in all but which of the following?
A complete erasing of previous cultures, replaced with a completely Vedic one.
Barbarian
A derogatory term used to describe pastoral nomads. Painting them as enemies of civilization.
Islam included all but which of the following:
A desire to forcibly convert all Christians and Jews
The Zhou's endorsement of the mandate of heaven implied what potential threat to dynastic continuance?
A dynasty could end if the ruler did not uphold harmony and act with honor
Nineveh
A great city of Assyria, Assurbanipals Royal library, and royal palace
Epic of Gilgamesh
A heroic narrative written in the Babylonian dialect of Semitic Akkadian. This story and others like it were meant to circulate and unify the kingdom.
Mesoamerican societies were prevented from harnessing the resources required to produce a large state because they lacked which of the following?
A large arterial river system and its floodplain
What was a major consequence of the agricultural revolution?
A large increase in human population
What was a major consequence of the agricultural revolution? a. The extinction of hunter-gatherer societies b. Greater diversity of plants and animals c. A wider variety of foods for humans d. A large increase in human population
A large increase in human population
Anatolia
A large peninsula at the western edge of Asia; also called Asia Manor.
Which of the following accurately describes societies in the Aegean world? a. Political centralization was quickly established due to the large common plain that dominated the landscape. b. Polities struggled to recover lost grandeur after the droughts of the second millennium BCE. c. A number of islands flourished within a seaborne trading network focused on the exchange of tin and copper. d. There was little trade, as all valued commodities were close at hand.
A number of islands flourished within a seaborne trading network focused on the exchange of tin and copper.
Elamites
A people with their capital in the upland valley of modern Fars who became a cohesive polity that incorporated transhumant people of the Zagros Mountains.
Bodhisattvas
A person who is able to reach nirvana, but delays doing so out of compassion in order to save suffering beings
The territorial state
A political form that emerged in the riverine cities of Mesopotamia, which was overwhelmed by the displacement of nomadic peoples. These states were kingdoms organized around charismatic rulers who headed large households; each had a defined physical border.
Satrapies
A province governed by a satrap in the Persian government
In Longshan culture, jade was
A symbol of power used by shamans in rituals & covered by the elite
Sharecropping
A system of farming in which tenant farmers rented land and gave over a share of their crops to the land's owners.
Stratification
A system or formation of classes or categories
What is a creation narrative?
A theory constructed by humans that suggests hiw the world and humans came to be
Which of the following typifies Mesopotamian urban design?
A ziggurat at city center, with neighborhoods marking different occupational specialities on both sides of a central canal
Which of the following typifies Mesopotamian urban design?
A ziggurat at city center, with neighborhoods marking different occupational specialties on both sides of a central canal
Which of the following typifies Mesopotamian urban design? a. A strong defensive wall encircling the entire population b. A ziggurat at city center, with neighborhoods marking different occupational specialties on both sides of a central canal c. King's palace at city center, representing permanent secular, military, and administrative authority d. Houses showing little distinction between social classes
A ziggurat at city center, with neighborhoods marking different occupational specialties on both sides of a central canal
Which of the following was not a feature of Song China?
Aggressive diplomacy based on military power
Babylon of Hammurabi was a territorial state because
All of the Above
The Mycenaeans did not have a territorial state because ?
All of the Above
The first cities appeared in environments where enough water, enough land, and the right technologies came together. all of the following river valleys saw the rise of early cities EXCEPT ONE
Amazon
What was one of the most important factors that led to establishment of one-man rule of the Roman Republic?
Ambitious generals whose rivalry led to a series of civil wars
How did the Black Death impact the church's influence in Europe?
Among some believers, it stimulated hostility and resentment against the church.
Which people were the new rulers of Mesopotamia who changed the old organization of the city-states?
Amorites
Bronze
An alloy of copper and tin brought into Europe from Anatolia; used to make hardedged weapons
Bronze
An alloy of copper and tin brought into Europe from Anatolia; used to make hardedged weapons.
Bell beaker
An artifact from Europe, this ancient drinking vessel was so named because its shape resembles an inverted bell.
How did the Vedic people's entrance into the into the weakened Indus Valley differ from of other pastoralist migrations into Egypt, Mesopotamia, or Anatolia?
Aryans did not immediately established a large territorial state
Chaldean achievements
Astronomy, calendar, mathematics
Which of the following was a major difference between Greek city-states such as Athens and Hellenistic cities such as Alexandria?
Athenians were citizens of and loyal to their city of birth, while Alexandrians were citizens of the "whole world" of Hellenistic states.
Which is the first European domesticated crops were also Southwest Asia and crops?
Barley and wheat
All of the following characterize the end of the Roman Empire except:
Because of the profits produced, trade networks survived the end of the Roman Empire largely intact and in fact expanded when freed from imperial controls.
What evolutionary survival trait is shared by all successful early hominids?
Bipedalism
The cave paintings of early human communities commonly included which of the following themes?
Bison, horses, and bulls
Which of the following is a valid comparison between Mahavira and Siddhartha Gautama?
Both were Kshatriyas who spent part of their lives practicing asceticism.
In what ways did the societies of the Aegean initially resemble those of Polynesia?
Both were fragmented & decentralized
In what ways did the societies of the Aegean initially resemble those of Polynesia? a. Both were fragmented and decentralized. b. Both integrated chains of islands into mainland culture. c. Both were conquered by the territorial states. d. Both failed to develop craft specialization.
Both were fragmented and decentralized.
Which of the following cultural characteristics was common to both the Romans and the Han?
Both were strongly traditional and idealized their ancestors
In the first few centuries CE, Hinduism was transformed in all of the following ways except
Brahmanism became the primary faith of urban, commercial culture.
In the first few centuries CE, Hinduism was transformed in all of the following ways except:
Brahmanism became the primary faith of urban, commercial culture.
Which of the following innovations brought to Egypt by migrants such as Hyksos?
Bronze -working techniques, the vertical loom ,and an improved potter's wheel
Which of the following best describes Buddhist art outside of South Asia?
Buddhist art adopted styles from the diverse populations that produced it
Which of the following best describes the expansion of Buddhism in the first few centuries BCE?
Buddhist monks followed commercial networks, spreading the words of the Buddha.
Which of the following statements concerning Buddhism in the third and fourth centuries CE is accurate?
Buddhist travelers had become frequent visitors in the competing Chinese capitals of various Warring States.
In what day did ancient Egyptian villagers learn to exploit the Nile River?
By building basins that trapped rich silt as the Nile overflowed its banks.
In what way did ancient Egyptian villagers learn to exploit the Nile River
By building basins that trapped rich silt as the Nile overflowed its banks.
The four leading global "entrepôts" or hubs of maritime trade of this period were
Cairo, Quanzhou, Melaka, and Quilon.
The emergence of monotheism amongst the Israelites?
Came after a period of henotheism, in which one god has power and ascendancy over other spirit and deities that still exist.
What was the first large mammal domesticated outside of Southwest Asia?
Cattle
The Hittites established their dominance in Anatolia when they unified the
Chariot aristocracies
The four major cultural regions of the Afro-Eurasian world between 1000 and 1300 were
China, India, Europe, and the Islamic world.
Which two faiths in particular aspired to universality in the period between 300 and 600 ce?
Christianity and Buddhism
City-states
City seats at the time by 3000 BC was Ur, Lagash, and Nippur. Cty istates were centralized early the ruler of each city was considered representative of the God who owned the land, economic and political power was better in the social classes
Which of the following was an important social change during the Warring States period in China?
Class relations became more fluid as commoners were able to gain more economic power
Which of the following was a political innovation of the territorial state?
Clearly defined borders
Narmansin, stele victory
Commission the carving of a steel or stone pillar to do pictures military victories this is the oldest surviving piece of Semitic artwork
Which of the following is an accurate comparison between Confucianism and Daoism?
Confucian scholars believed that gentlemen should enter government, but Daoists sought refuge from political life.
Which of the following contributed to increased agricultural productivity during both the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods in China?
Crop rotation and oxen-pulled iron plows
The traditions of internal and external alchemy were associated with
Daoism.
The traditions of internal and external alchemy were associated with:
Daoism.
Behistun rock
Darius the great had ordered to be carved on the B histidine rock on the mountain side in I Ron, about 520 BC in 1802 Georg Friedrich grofend concluded that a single diagonal wedge Mark has been used as a divider between words and found that the same set of symbols occurred repeatedly on success of lies this led him to believe that the sets Might represent the titles of Persian kings
Homo Sapiens
Defined by linnaeus in 1737. 5 sub groups.
Riverine
Denoting an area whose inhabitants depended on irrigation for their well-being and whose populations are settled near great rivers. Egypt was, in a sense, the most riverine of all these cultures, in that it had no hinterland of plains as did Mesopotamia and the Indus valley. Away from the banks of the Nile, there is only largely uninhabitable desert.
The migrations of Austronesian-speaking people into the South Pacific occured on
Double-outrigger canoes
Which of the following were agricultural improvements encouraged by the Shang
Draining low-lying fields & clearing forested lands
Upanishads
Each of a series of Hindu sacred treaties written in Sanskrit expounding on an earlier text in predominately mystical terms.
How did early Homo sapiens mark important ritual sites?
Early Homo sapiens March important ritual sides through paintings
Kassite
Easily conquered Babylonia in 1555 BC, they ruled the valley for almost 500 years, allowing the Babylonian city state some independence literature architecture and other peaceful arts continue to flourish until the Assyrians took over.
Political developments in East Asian and the Americas were fundamentally different from those of the lands from North Africa to South Asia because
East Asia and the Americas had fewer territorial states and thus fewer rivalries that prompted ruling classes to integrate their dominions.
Which of the following territories was not affected by the Mongol conquests of the thirteenth century?
Egypt
Why was Egypt said to have been the most river-focused of the early cultures?
Egypt had no fertile hinterland, since settlement was limited to the narrow Nile flood plain.
Why was Egypt said to have been the most river-focused of the early cultures?
Egypt has no fertile hinterland, since settlement was limited to the narrow Nile flood plain
All of the following territories were affected by the Mongol conquests of the thirteenth century except
Egypt.
All of the following correctly characterize ritual objects in the ancient world except which?
Egyptian funeral amulets were thought to ward off wild dogs and wolves from desecrating the corpse.
Which of the following is a consequence of the Battle of Megiddo
Egyptians won, expanding their presence into Palestine
Which of the following statements is true about Buddhism in India from the eleventh through the thirteenth centuries?
Elements were mixed into Hinduism while many adherents converted to Islam or assimilated into the Hindu population.
The earliest Sumerian cities were
Eridu, Nippur, and Uruk
All of the following characterize the agricultural revolution of Afro-Eurasia between 600 and 1000 CE except
European populations experienced an agricultural boom thanks to the invention of new plowing techniques.
Which one of the following does not characterize the agricultural revolution of Afro-Eurasia between 600 and 1000 CE?
European populations experienced an agricultural boom thanks to the invention of new plowing techniques.
With the Nile River stretching from central Africa to the Mediterranean Sea, ancient Egyptian civilization was far more open to outsiders than most civilizations.
False
Hammurabi implemented a new system to secure his power, which increased the role of the king in ruling all of his territories without relying on regional elites.
False.
The pastoral vedic people dispised agricultural work and looked upon the local people of South Asia as uncivilized farmers.
False.
Which of these groups of words are common in Indo-European languages?
Father, mother, son, heart
Which of the following describes an effect of the mastery of fire for Homo erectus?
Fire helped hominids to expand their diets, leading to still larger brain size.
Which of the following did the Phoenicians not accomplish?
Focused on securing their territorial frontiers in order to promote trade
Which of the following was used to integrate the Neo-Assyrian Empire?
Forced labor and relocation of large numbers of conquered peoples
Troy
Founded around 3000 BCE, Troy was an important third millennium BCE site in Anatolia, to the far west. Troy is legendary as the site of the war that was launched by the Greeks (the Achaeans) and that was recounted by Homer in the Iliad.
What led to European social development being dominated by warfare? a. Lack of sufficient agricultural resources to support urban life b. Need to control stone resources for the construction of megaliths c. Fragmentation of the region's peoples and the type of agriculture they pursued d. Religious emphasis on ritual combat
Fragmentation of the region's peoples and the type of agriculture they pursued
which statement best describes the spread of Homo Sapiens during the early migrations?
From Africa into Southwest Asia and then later Europe and Southeast Asia
In the ancient Aegean world, why was urban development slow, despite contact with Egypt and Mesopotamia? a. Crops from the Fertile Crescent did not produce surpluses in the Aegean world. b. Geographical obstacles led to scattered settlements. c. Societies were dominated by priests and sages. d. Everyday life was dominated by weaponry rather than writing and palaces.
Geographical obstacles led to scattered settlements.
Sargon l successor
Grandson, Naramsin, Consolidated and possibly expanded the empire that sorry gone had built whereas his two protesters had been called "king of Kish ", Naramsin proclaimed himself "king of the four corners of the earth "
Which of the following is the primary cause of the collapse of the Qin Empire?
Heavy taxation and reliance on conscripted labor led desperate workers to rebel against the government.
Which of the following accurately describes pastoral communities in Afro-Eurasia around 3500 BCE?
Herders traded meat and animal products for grains, pottery,, and tolls with settled agricultural communities.
For what reason did new Mesopotamian rulers encourage traditional stories such as Gilgamesh about rulers of ancient Uruk? a. Heroic tales about legendary founders helped legitimize the new rulers. b. Transcribing traditional tales helped the new kings to learn cuneiform script. c. Transcribing traditional tales was a way to teach Amorite scribes. d. Gilgamesh was descended from pastoralists such as the Amorites.
Heroic tales about legendary founders helped legitimize the new rulers.
Which of the following kingdoms controlled much of the territory between Mesopotamia and the Nile in the second millennium BCE? a. Hittites b. Shang c. Harappans d. Hyksos
Hittites
Chariots
Horse driven carriages. Brought by the pastoral nomadic warriors from the steppes
All of the following characterize human villages as they grew EXCEPT which?
Houses were built as simple circular structures without interior walls.
Sir Austen Henry Layard
In 1839, excavated the remains of ancient Nineveh, in particular he found a 71 room palace built on a terrace and the remains of walls with fortified gates, the once surrounded the palace
Sargon ll
In 722 BC, took the throne, assumed to have the name in order to be identified with the great Akkadian King who had ruled 2500 BC,
Hanging Gardens
In Nebuchadnezzar's palace, a palace garden was built for the queen in the form of an artificial mountain, to remind her of her mouth and birthplace. This Gordon had several Terrace is supported by huge man-made vaults . it came to be called this and was one of the legendary seven wonders of the world
Uruk
In Sumeria, the earliest cuneiform tablets come from ___________, a major hub of civilization in the Near East and the focus of much early archaeology. (Urbanized with a large economy)
Ideograms
In order to express abstract ideas, the Samarian's transform their pictographs into ideal grams. For example a picture of a pot would have originally represented a real pot, but later might have been transformed to represent "eating "
small communities turned primarily to animal breeding and herding
In the steppe lands of inner Mongolia
Phonograms
In time the cuneiform symbols came to represent syllables, or phonograms. The Samarian's you several hundred pictograms in about 100 photographs, but neither they nor their successors in a live between the rivers developed an alphabet.
Which of the following led to upheavals during the axial age in China, South Asia, and Greece?
Incessant warfare
Which one of the following characterizes African Agriculture?
Individuals leaving the sahel carried knowledge about domestication of plants and animals with them into other parts of Africa
Which of the following was Emperor Justinian's most enduring legacy?
Instituting a major reform and codification of Roman law
What undermined Etruscan power on the Italian peninsula?
Invasion by the Gauls
Which technological innovation allowed the Bantu to become successful agriculturalists in different ecological zones?
Iron smelting
In the first millennium BCE, which of the following techniques aided the rise of regional empires?
Iron weapons
How did an occupation-based social hierarchy support Zhou rule?
It asserted power over the empire's diverse peoples and creating social stability.
Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning the city-state of Teotihuacán?
It influenced its neighbors beyond the Valley of Mexico mostly through cultural and economic diffusion.
The epidemic associated with the Black Death impacted history in all except which of the following ways?
It strengthened the power of church and state wherever it hit.
Which statement best characterizes civilization's development in the Americas
It was heavily influenced by European developments
What was the impact of koine in the Hellenistic world?
Koine Greek became the international language of the Hellenistic world
The common language of Hellenism that united disparate peoples was
Koine Greek.
Megaliths
Literally, "great stone" the word megalith is used when describing structures such as Stonehenge. These massive structures are the result of cooperative planning and work.
Which aspect of the belief system outlined in the Vedas and Upanishads brought spiritual unity to the northern half of South Asia?
Local gods could be easily absorbed into the pantheon
Which of the following contributed to the fall of the Old Kingdom in Egypt?
Local magnates assumed control of the provinces
What evidence supports the wide-spread economic influence of Longshan culture? a. Longshan iron tools made their way to Japan. b. Longshan black pottery has been found as far away as Taiwan and Manchuria. c. Longshan kings forced tributary trade ties with steppes nomads. d. Longshan silk scrolls have been found in the Indus Valley.
Longshan black pottery has been found as far away as Taiwan and Manchuria.
Which of these groups of words are common in Indo-European languages?
MOTHER, FATHER, SON, HEART
Alexander the Great came from
Macedonia
Which of the following were first domesticated in the Americas? a. Maize, potatoes, and guinea pigs b. Sorghum, bananas, and cattle c. Rice, millet, and chickens d. Wheat, barley, and horses
Maize, potatoes, and guinea pigs
Potassium-argon
Major dating technique. Over time potassium decays into argon. Method can date 1 million year old objects.
Which of the following best explains the relative lack of communication between the people of the Americas and Afro-Eurasia after around 12,500 BCE? a. Melting glaciers covered the land bridge between East Asia and the Americas with water, physically separating the continents. b. The peoples of these two regions pursued fundamentally different strategies for finding food, so they had little desire for communication. c. The peoples of Afro-Eurasia refused to adapt to changing environments. d. A new Ice Age created massive impassable glaciers separating the Americas from Afro-Eurasia.
Melting glaciers covered the land bridge between East Asia and the Americas with water, physically separating the continents.
Which of the following best explains the relative lack of communication between the peoples of the Americas and the peoples of Afro-Eurasia after around 12,500 BCE?
Melting glaciers covered the land bridge between East Asia and the Americas with water, physically separating the inhabitants of these two worlds.
How did gender relationships change because of agriculture
Men took on heavy work, while repetitive tasks such as planting fell to women
How did gender relationships change because of agriculture?
Men took on heavy work, while repetitive tasks such as planting fell to women
How did gender relationships change because of agriculture?
Men took on heavy work, while repetitive tasks such as planting fell to women.
With whom did the Amorite kings in Mesopotamia ally themselves in order to bolster their political power?
Merchants & nobles
With whom did the Amorite kings in Mesopotamia ally themselves in order to bolster their political power? a. A council elected by influential members of the community b. Priests of Marduk c. Merchants and nobles d. Tribal and clan leaders
Merchants and Nobles
How did the role of merchants change under Han rule?
Merchants found some of their independence undercut by the creation of state monopolies and price controls.
Hammurabi ruled in
Mesopotamia
How do modern scientific understandings about the origin of the universe compare with traditional creation narratives? a. Creation narratives and modern science indicate that divine beings had a role in creating all life. b. Modern science indicates that the origin of the universe was much longer ago than do traditional creation narratives. c. Modern science indicates that humans first appeared suddenly as do traditional creation narratives. d. Neither modern science nor traditional creation narratives have an answer for how the universe began.
Modern science indicates that the origin of the universe was much longer ago than do traditional creation narratives.
After the Delhi Sultanate collapsed in India, it was replaced by the
Mughal Empire.
Society based on war? Unlike the minoans
Mycenaeans
The sea peoples
Nearly toppled the Egyptian state.
What were the most powerful states of the second period?
New kingdom. Hittites of Anatolia and Babylonia. Kassites of mesopotamia.
Which of the following is an example of the shift away from the city state's domination of economic activity in Mesopotamia?
New rulers designated private entrepreneurs
Which of the following is an example of the shift away from the city-state's domination of economic activity in Mesopotamia?
New rulers designated private entrepreneurs to collect taxes & allowed them to keep a portion of tax revenues for their profits
Which of the following characterized innovations in warfare during the Warring States period in China?
Nobles fighting from chariots were replaced by massed infantries of peasants bearing iron-tipped lances
Which of the following characterized innovations in warfare during the Warring States period in China?
Nobles fighting from chariots were replaced by massed infantries of peasants bearing iron-tipped lances.
Which of the following reactions to climate change by both pastoral and transhumant nomads impacted riverine societies around 2200 BCE? a. Nomads descended on river-valley population centers in large numbers to find food and water for their drought-stricken herds. b. Nomads were unable to provide trade links between urban centers because of prolonged rains and flooding. c. Nomads withdrew from population centers in search of better grazing, leaving cities without supplies of meat. d. Impoverished nomads, who had lost their herds to drought, developed new types of boats and turned to piracy.
Nomads descended on river-valley population centers in large numbers to find food and water for their drought-stricken herds.
Transhumant migrants
Nomads that moved their herds seasonally when resources became scarce.
Authoritarian rule in Rome was initiated by
Octavian.
Urban-rural divide
One of history's most durable worldwide distinctions, the division between those living in cities and those living in rural areas eventually encompassed the globe. In areas where cities arose, communities adopted lifestyles based on the mass production of goods and on specialized labor. Those living in the countryside remained close to nature, cultivating the land or tending livestock. They diversified their labor and exchanged their grains and animal products for necessities available in urban centers.
Hittites
One of the great territorial states.
Hieroglyphs
One of two basic forms of Egyptian writing that were used in conjunction throughout antiquity. Hieroglyphs are pictorial symbols; the term derives from a Greek word meaning "sacred carving"—they were employed exclusively in temple, royal, and divine contexts. See also Demotic writing.
Harappa
One of two cities that, by 2500 BCE, began to take the place of villages throughout the Indus River valley. The other was Mohenjo Daro. Each covered an area of about 250 acres and probably housed 35,000 residents.
Harappa
One of two cities. indus river valley.
What important effect of environmental change led to the collapse of urban societies and administrative centers around 1200 BCE?
Pastoralists from peripheral societies migrated because of prolonged drought
Which of the following was the main source of slave labor in the Mediterranean region?
People captured in warfare
What was one effect of agricultural surpluses on early riverine urban societies?
People could specialize in making goods for the consumption of others
The early cities are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT ONE
People in general had less work
Pictographs
Pictographs which were a sign or symbol, were scratched on flat tablets of wet Clay, which were dried in the sun and baked in an oven. In time, the Samarian scribes begin to use pieces of sharpen reads, which they pressed into the wet clay to make marks.
Territorial state
Political form that emerged in the riverine cities of mesopotamia. Had defined physical border.
Which of the following is an accurate comparison between people in the Americas and those in Afro-Eurasias? a. People in the Americas were unable to adapt to local ecozones. b. Populations in the Americas did not create villages and settled life. c. Populations in the Americas were more widely scattered and isolated from each other. d. People in the Americas did not develop refined agricultural techniques.
Populations in the Americas were more widely scattered and isolated from each other.
Assyrian achievements
Postal system, iron weapons, chronicled kings
What characterized Austronesian settlements in the South Pacific?
Pottery, stone tools, & domesticated pigs
Rebus
Probably originating in Uruk, a rebus is a representation that transfers meaning from the name of a thing to the sound of that name. For example, a picture of a bee can represent the sound "b." Such pictures opened the door to writing: a technology of symbols that uses marks to represent specific discrete sounds.
Which of the following accurately describes an environmental cause & effect for riverine societies around 2200 BCE
Prolonged drought led to famine, which caused the downfall of ruling elites
Which of the following accurately describes an environmental cause and effect for riverine societies around 2200 BCE? a. Excessive monsoon rains flooded many of the fields needed to produce food, which led to the downfall of ruling elites. b. A series of earthquakes leading to the destruction of walled cities such as Troy and Jericho. c. Cooling temperatures led to the destruction of crops needed to support urban populations. d. Prolonged drought led to famine, which caused the downfall of ruling elites.
Prolonged drought led to famine, which caused the downfall of ruling elites.
Which of the following was not a feature of Japanese society during this period?
Provincial elites with little influence in the Japanese power structure
Which of the following is an accurate comparison between Egyptian pyramids and Mesopotamian ziggurats? a. Both were created to project the might and grandeur of the territory's secular ruler. b. The ziggurat of Marduk was larger than the Great Pyramid. c. Both were designed as temples, and housed an elaborate bureaucracy. d. Pyramids were primarily tombs for the semi-divine pharaoh, while ziggurats were temples.
Pyramids were primarily tombs for the semi-divine pharaoh, while ziggurats were temples.
What suggests to scientists that Harappan civilization was centralized and structured? a. The royal palace was an administrative center for entire realm. b. Regional uniformity in urban planning; standardized weights and measures. c. Written language was used to provide a common culture throughout the Indus valley. d. Royal tombs contained frescos and records that showed the existence of regional laws.
Regional uniformity in urban planning; standardized weights and measures.
Sargon the Great
Reigning from 2334 to 2279 BCE, Sargon was the king of Akkad, a city-state near modern Baghdad; he helped bring the competitive era of city-states to an end and sponsored monumental works of architecture, art, and literature.
Which of the following was an innovation in Greek art that derived from the ways axial age thinkers perceived the place of humans in the cosmos?
Representing naturalistic views of nude human figures
The main body of Vedic literature, the four Vedas, passed on culture from one age to the next. The four Vedas are
Rig, Sama, Yajur, and Atharva.
Roman family life was characterized by which of the following?
Roman law gave husbands and fathers complete authority over their families.
Lapis lazuli
Royal standard of ur, found by Woolley was made of two panels of woods inlaid with shells and lapis lazuli
Which of the following was a long term effect of Hyksos rule on New Kingdom rulers?
Rulers could no longer rely on deserts as barriers and had to maintain armies to watch their borders
Which of the following was a long-term effect of Hyksos rule on New Kingdom rulers? a. Rulers learned to use bronze as part of their regalia. b. Rulers used new writing systems created by the Hyksos. c. Rulers began to build elaborate pyramids to prepare for the afterlife. d. Rulers could no longer rely upon deserts as barriers and had to maintain armies to watch their borders.
Rulers could no longer rely upon deserts as barriers and had to maintain armies to watch their borders.
Which of the following was long-term effect of Hyksos rule of New Kingdom rulers?
Rulers could no longer rely upon deserts as barrierss & had to maintain armies to watch their borders
Which of the following characterizes Laozi's beliefs about government?
Rulers should "do nothing" to interfere with the natural process of change
Where were sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle first domesticated? a.North Africa b. The Yellow river valley c. The Nile valley d. Southwest Asia
SW Asia
How did the Vedic worship?
Sacrificing animals.
Deportation
Sargon ll deported 27, 290 Israelites because they did not pay tribute to him and when they finally surrendered is when he deported them
Sennacherib
Sargons son, established his capital of Assyria, Nineveh, crushed the Phoencians, he captured 40 of the fortified cities of Judah. (Over 200,000 Hebrews were put into captivity, compared to King hezekiah, who was shut off "like a bird in a cage "in Jerusalem, the capital of Judah, surrounded by an overwhelming force of Assyrians
The Buddha understood which of the following to be a way to reach nirvana?
Seeking a middle path between self-indulgence and self-denial
Akkad, Akkadians
Semitic people from the west and had settled near the site of present day Baghdad, ruler was Sargon l of Akkad, spoke their own language were very similar to Samarian's culture wise, Kish is One of the cities states, so many people were allowed to keep their ancient traditions and religions as long as they pay tribute to sorry gone and the Acadians
The Neo-Assyrian state used propaganda to bolster its support. Which of the following is not an example of thus?
Sermons given by religious leaders that praised the king
Where were sheep, goats, pigs and cattle first domesticated?
Sheep and goats were first domesticated in the Zagros mountains region. Pigs and cattle like sheep and goats were first domesticated in Southwest Asia
The Safavid Empire persecuted those who did not follow
Shiism.
Which of the following is a consequence of the first agricultural revolution? a. Egalitarian gender roles b. Religious art works c. Social stratification d. Maritime trade
Social stratification
All of the following correctly characterize the Greek philosophers except
Socrates stressed the importance of knowledge of nature as the basis to determine morality.
Pastoral nomads & transhumant herders brought with them
Soldiers & military elites New technologies Unified Cultures (all of the above)
Vassal states
Some Conquered areas, including Phoencia and Israel became these, meaning that there kings were permitted to keep their thrones as long as they pay tribute to the Syrians
Which of the following best describes the Jewish response to the imposition of Hellenistic rule?
Some Jews embraced Hellenism, while others fought against assimilation.
Which of the following resulted from the domestication of animals? a. Some communities developed pastoralism to provide sufficient food supplies for their growing herds. b. Relationships between pastoralists and agriculturalists worsened, as they competed for the same land. c. Farming was more difficult, since food had to be grown not only for humans but also for their animals. d. Humans gave up hunting to obtain protein
Some communities developed pastoralism to provide sufficient food supplies for their growing herds
Which of the following resulted from the domestication of animals?
Some communities developed pastoralism to provide sufficient food supplies for their growing herds.
Where were sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle domesticated
Southwest Asia
A temple, for example, is a building that does not change location; does not change name, where people perform the same tasks everyday & the same words are sid everyday. Then according to our theory, that temple is a ____
Structure
For the purpose of this class, we called phenomena such as villages, cities, kingdoms & empires___
Structures
Which of the following reflects a major economic difference between sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of Afro-Eurasia?
Sub-Saharan Africa valued labor more than land because of the lack of plow agriculture.
Hecataeus "Mesopotamia was built upon clay"
Sumarian's relied on clay for so many purposes that the fifth century Greek geographer said that quote, he also speculated that the people must have had had 360 uses for date palm trees which was the only species of tree that grew along the river banks
Why did people in Sumer trade with distant regions such as Lebanon, Turkey, & Iran?
Sumerians lacked natural resources apart from fertile soil, mud, & water
Why did people in Sumer trade with distant regions such as Lebanon, Turkey, and Iran?
Sumerians lacked natural resources apart from fertile soil, mud, and water.
(Metal) alloys
Sumerians learn how to fuse copper and tin to make bronze, and alloy that is much harder than either of these elements, and therefore more useful for weapons and tools
Which of the following accurately describes the goals of axial age thinkers?
Teaching rulers to govern justly and individuals to live ethically
Irrigation systems
Technological advance whereby water delivery systems and water sluices in floodplains or riverine areas were channeled or redirected and used to nourish soil.
The ____ in Sumerian cities was so central that in the city of Eridu it was rebuilt in the same spot about twenty times
Temple
Where is the region known as the Fertile Crescent?
The Fertile Crescent is in Mesopotamia which is in western Asia and north east Africa also it is right above Saudi Arabia and the Syrian desert
Why did early agricultural settlements arise in the Indus Valley before the Ganges Valley?
The Indus Valley suffered less from the yearly monsoons than did the Ganges Valley
Why did early agricultural settlements arise in the Indus Valley before the Ganges Valley? a. The Ganges Valley, unlike the Indus Valley, was surrounded by inhospitable deserts. b. Annual floods replenished the soil in the Indus Valley but not in the Ganges valley. c. The Indus River, but not the Ganges River, brought plentiful water from its source in the Himalayas. d. The Indus Valley suffered less from the yearly monsoons than did the Ganges Valley.
The Indus Valley suffered less from the yearly monsoons than did the Ganges Valley.
How did the Mongol invasions contribute to the rise of the Ottomans and Safavids?
The Mongols destroyed old states, leaving a vacuum that the two empires could then fill.
True
The Neo-Assyrian Empire's expansion exceeded its ability to maintain effective control over the empire, so the empire collapsed swiftly and without warning.
Which two riverine societies shared the most intense interaction during the second millennium BCE?
The Nile Delta and the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
Which two riverine societies shared the most intense diplomatic interaction during the second millennium BCE?
The Nile Delta and the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers
Which of the following fails to correctly characterize the Persian Empire?
The Persians' style emphasized the empire as a homogenized state in which all peoples happily adopted Persian customs.
True
The Phoenicians maintained their autonomy from the Assyrian kings by supplying them with luxury items.
Which of the following was a consequence of the reforms implemented by government minister Shang Yang during the Warring States period in China?
The Qin became the dominant state in China
Which one of the following does not characterize the Roman military?
The Roman army's inability to gain clear dominance in the southeast Mediterranean against the Egyptians remained the one weakness of their empire.
Which one of the following does not correctly identify elements of early Christianity?
The Roman state sought to destroy the new faith from its earliest origins.
False
The Vedic people drew on the political institutions of the Indus Valley civilizations to found their new state.
Early cities appeared in all of the following river valleys EXCEPT ONE
The Volga River
Which of the following was a response by the Zhou royal house as it began to lose control over regional lords in the ninth and eighth centuries BCE?
The Zhou introduced ritual reforms and grandiose ceremonies involving bronze vessels.
Which of the following does not characterize the social and economic transformations in China under the Zhou dynasty?
The Zhou sought to undermine family structures in order to promote royal authority.
What was the adaptive advantage of bipedalism for early hominids
The ability to migrate away from hostile environments
Zhong Shang
The administrative central complex of the Shang.
What advantages did larger brains give to early hominids?
The advantages early hominids had with their large brains were their ability to adapt, communicate and survive in any settings. The biggest advantage being the ability to develop cognitive skills and therefore gaining capacity for language
Samaria
The capital of Israel and Sargon ll Siegel this place because the capital wasn't paying tribute to him
What provided the primary unifying structure for South Asian societies?
The caste system
What characteristic did Homo habilis have that set apart from prior humans?
The characteristic that set Homo habilis apart from early hominids was there larger and growing brains
What led to the founding of the first Afro-Eurasian cities?
The collective efforts needed to build and maintain irrigation systems.
What ecological change contributed to the development of agriculture in Japan?
The ecological change that contributed to the development of agriculture in Japan was rising sea levels, that caused where animals to be hunted which then caused people to have to find other ways to support themselves
Which of the following accurately describes an effect of the dissemination of agricultural crops and techniques from Southwest Asia to Europe?
The first European domesticated crops included Southwest Asian crops - Wheat and barley.
Which of the following accurately describes an effect of the dissemination of agricultural crops and techniques from Southwest Asia to Europe? a. Long periods of time were required to adapt Southwest Asian crops to southern European climates. b. The first European domesticated crops included Southwest Asian crops—wheat and barley. c. The first European domesticated crops included Southwest Asian crops—maize and potatoes. d. The similarities in the climates made adaptation of Southwest Asian crops relatively easy throughout Europe.
The first European domesticated crops included Southwest Asian crops—wheat and barley.
Which one of the following was not a source of Macedonia's and Alexander's military and political strength?
The highly developed naval tradition of the Greeks
Mesopotamia is a Greek word that means
The land between the two rivers
In contrast to Minoan society, which one of the following accurately depicts Mycenaean society?
The main palace centers were the hulking fortresses of warlords
How does modern science's understanding of the universe compare to traditional creation narratives?
The modern science is understanding of the universe says that the universe dates back to 13.8 billion years and that we evolved over a long period of time from apes. Traditional creation narratives on the other hand believe the first day of creation was in 4004 B.C.E. and that humans didn't evolve and instead were formed instantly
Vedas
The most ancient Hindu scriptures, written in early Sanskrit and containing hymns, philosophy, and guidance on rituals for the priests.
The Law Code of Hammurapi promoted all of the following except which one?
The ordering of relations among humans is controlled and directed by the gods.
How was the role of the pharaoh different from that of Mesopotamian rulers?
The pharaoh's most important role was as a bridge to the gods to ensure the regular flooding of the Nile, but in Mesopotamia, kings organized irrigation projects to control floods
How was the role of the pharaoh different from that of Mesopotamian rulers? a. The pharaoh had the primary responsibility of ensuring that scribes were properly trained, but in Mesopotamia, that was the role of the priests. b. Unlike Mesopotamian kings, the pharaoh did not need to establish a military since Egypt was protected by natural borders of deserts. c. The pharaoh's most important role was as a bridge to the gods to ensure the regular flooding of the Nile, but in Mesopotamia, kings organized irrigation projects to control floods. d. Unlike Mesopotamian kings, the pharaoh created monumental architecture and tombs.
The pharaoh's most important role was as a bridge to the gods to ensure the regular flooding of the Nile, but in Mesopotamia, kings organized irrigation projects to control floods.
What phenomenon resulted in larger brained, quicker and more adaptable Homo sapiens to spread out of Africa?
The phenomenon that caused more adaptable Homo sapiens was evolution. More specifically, the evolving from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens
Which of the following was true in both sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas before 2000 BCE?
The population in both places grew slowly, but did not lead to the development of urban centers
Which of the following was true in both sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas before 2000 BCE? a. Population growth increased in both places after the importation of cereal agriculture. b. The population in both places declined because of persistent drought. c. The population in both places grew slowly, but did not lead to the development of urban centers. d. The population in both places grew rapidly, given the large number of animals that could be hunted.
The population in both places grew slowly, but did not lead to the development of urban centers.
Where is the region known as the Fertile Crescent?
The region of Southwest Asia with rich soils and regular rainfall in which the agricultural revolution first appeared
Theocracy
The ruler of each city derives is authority from the fact that he was considered to be the representative of the God who owned the land. This form of government is known as theocracy.
Demotic writing
The second of two basic forms of ancient Egyptian writing. Demotic was a cursive script written with ink on papyrus, on pottery, or on other absorbent objects. It was the most common and practical form of writing in Egypt and was used for administrative record keeping and in private or pseudo-private forms like letters and works of literature.
Which of the following statements concerning Christian churches built after the conversion of Constantine indicates the structure of the religion?
The spaces for the bishop and clergy were separate from the congregation.
Hammurabi's Code
The steel on which the code is inscribed is an 8 foot tall block of black diorite and the writings are in three parts a prologue, the code itself, and an epilogue. It is shown at the top the ruler receiving the law from Marduk the god of sun and justice, consisted of 282 regulations affecting the social and economic affairs of the people, the epilogue at the bottom promised rewards to those who obey the laws and punishment to those who disobeyed
The royal tomb of Ur underscored the social hierarchies of the ancient Mesopotamian cities. The tomb housed all of the following EXCEPT ONE:
The surviving spouse (i.e. the king)
What traits of Homo erectus children are discussed?
The traits of Homo rectus children or their family dynamics, use of fire and their ability to migrate early due to their bipedalism
Which of the following does not correctly characterize the relationship between the Sumerian cities of Mesopotamia and the transhumant peoples who lived on the margins?
The transhumant herders' lack of knowledge about Sumerian culture left them open to ridicule.
Which of the following formed the basis of a common material culture in the northern European plain?
The use of the plough & wheeled cart for farming
Which of the following formed the basis of a common material culture in the northern European plain? a. The creation of corded ware pots b.Slash and burn agriculture c. The creation of megalithic structures d. The use of the plough and wheeled cart for farming
The use of the plough and wheeled cart for farming
Under whose rule did Athens become a naval powerhouse and defeat the Persians?
Themistocles.
The organizing principle of Shang state was
Theocracy
Tigris and Euphrates
There's much clay to be found in and around the_________ and _____________ river beds, and not much wood or animal hides. So, because of its sheer abundance alone, clay was the logical choice for Mesopotamians to use as a writing medium.
How did Longshan culture differ from other examples in this chapter
They developed a tradition of Sage-Kings
Which of the following is true of axial age thinkers in the Mediterranean city-states?
They looked to nature itself rather than focusing on the role of gods to explain the universe.
For Homo sapiens, which of the following was an effect of the development of complex language? a. They were able to defeat wandering bands of australopithecines. b. They were able to coordinate hunting efforts for the first time. c. They were no longer able to communicate with other hominids. d. They were able to form large, long-lasting communities.
They were able to form large, long-lasting communities.
Where wild barley and wheat first domesticated?
They were first domesticated in the Franchthi cave in Greece
Khufu
This pyramid, among those put up in the Fourth Dynasty in ancient Egypt (2575-2465 BCE), is the largest stone structure in the world. It is in an area called Giza, just outside of modern-day Cairo.
Mastaba
This word means "bench" in Arabic; it refers to a huge flat structure identical to earlier royal tombs of ancient Egypt.
During the Late Republic, to whom did Rome's poor citizens look for protection of their interests?
To army commanders to provide them with land and a decent income
Which one of the following does not characterize European society in the second millennium BCE?
To avoid chaos in Europe, early Europeans migrated to central Eurasia where uninhabited regions allowed the development of agriculture.
For what purpose did Constantine summon bishops to the Council of Nicaea?
To bring unity to diversity of belief in disparate Christian communities
For what reason did Mesopotamian rulers such as Hammurapi commission public art and support artisans and scribes? a. To prove they understood the region's core values b. To force their language and culture on the conquered peoples c. To create work for unemployed soldiers and renew prosperity d. To show the superiority of Amorite kings over effete Sumerians
To prove they understood the region's core values
Although the Chinese did not create a graphic writing system until the 1000s BCE, well after Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations, preliterate signs and marks in chinese settlements have been dated as early as the seventh millennium BCE, long before similar systems in other societies.
True
The formation of settled communities spurred agricultural innovation as humans could take ricks and experiment with different plants.
True.
The people who lived outside of the river basins in Europe and Anatolia remained more egalitarian than riverine societies and did not evolve much above the level of small-scale societies led by a chief.
True.
The wheel began to be fully exploited as a tool for transportation and pottery production about the same time that cities emerged.
True.
Which of the following correctly characterizes the microsociety of the Israelites?
Under King Solomon, the Israelites centered their kingdom on the great temple in Jerusalem
Which of the following correctly characterizes the microsociety of the Israelites?
Under King Solomon, the Israelites centered their kingdom on the great temple in Jerusalem.
Reliable water sources affected how & where people settles in all but which of the following ways?
Unpredictable flooding forced people to leave their lands
Reliable water sources affected how and where people settled in all but which of the following ways
Unpredictable flooding forced people to leave their lands
Based on map page 20 in text, which of the following language groups orginated out of Europe?
Uralic-Yukaghir
In early riverine China, which of the following best describes the rate of urbanization & the factors that contributed to it?
Urbanization in China was slower than in Egypt & Mesopotamia, because of geographic barriers & less easily domesticated plants & animals
What city became the first large commercial and administrative center in the world?
Uruk
Vedic migrations into South Asia resulted in
Vedic people bringing in pastoralism and adapting to settled agriculture, violent expansion over hundreds of years., the arrival of Sanskrit to the region, new religious practices in the region, which were much more elaborate than indigenous worship
Double Outrigger-canoes
Vessels used by early Austronesians to cross the Taiwan Straits and colonize islands in the Pacific. Could travel 120 miles per day.
Hyskos
Western semitic- speaking people. Name means rulers of foreign lands. Overthrew the 13th dynasty in Egypt.
What happened to the human language one human spread out of Africa?
When humans spread out of Africa, the human language expanded into 19 different language families
Which of the following were first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent? a. Rice and millet b. Wild barley and wheat c. Millet and sorghum d. Maize and beans
Wild barley and wheat
Cyrus of Persia
With help from the priests of Marduk, captured Babylon.
which of these African crops originated out of west Africa?
Yam
Sumerians
___________ are people from the earliest known civilization in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia, Sumer.
origin of writing
___________ was in Mesopotamia, the earliest known script in Western Civilization
Harmuz Rassam
a Turkish explorer, uncovered the tablets of Assurbanipals Royal library, and sculptures of Royal lion hunts. in the sculptures the king was usually portrayed wearing the wings of an eagle, the horns of a bull, and the mane of a lion. Symbolizing that he had the strength and veracity of these wild animals
syllabary
a ______________ is a writing system representing spoken syllables, in which any word can be spelled phonetically.
The European drinking cup indicative of a warrior culture was
a bell-shaped cup
The world started with conjoined planets that separated to create the earth and other celestial bodies
a chinese creation narrative from the ban dynasty
Which characterized the code of Hammurabi ?
a clear relationship between crimes and severity of punishments
The great flood
a crucial event in Sumerian memory and identity, assigned responsibility for Uruk's demise to the gods.
Spain's decision to support Columbus's westward expedition resulted in part from
a desire to expand Spanish wealth and power and to liberate Jerusalem.
Islam included all but which of the following
a desire to forcibly convert all Christians and Jews.
Farming began because
a global warming trend made land more fertile. human knowledge of plants and animals increased. human communities needed more efficient ways to feed their populations. human communities grew to become more stationary
Under Hellenism, ways of thinking changed in response to a more culturally unified world. This was seen in
a growing concern for the individual, who was now seen as belonging to the whole world, rather than a particular city.
All of the following characterize horses in ancient Eurasia except:
a harnessing horses was a relatively easy process because their anatomy made it easier to control the direction of their movement.
what was a major consequence of the agricultural revolution
a huge increase in population
In Ancient Egypt, the strength of the state was rooted in
a large bureaucracy
The Persian Empire established all of the following except
a network of ports to facilitate trade and commerce
In the Aegean world:
a number of islands flourished within a seaborne trading network focused on the exchange of tin and copper
The emergence of new and radical ideas in the "second-generation" societies was encouraged by
a period of constant warfare and battles.
The emergence of new and radical ideas in the so-called second-generation societies was encouraged by
a period of constant warfare and battles.
in ancient mesopotamia, a ziggurat was what?
a raised platform with a temple on top
The "Fertile Crescent" refers to:
a region of Southwest Asia with rich soils and regular rainfall in which the agricultural revolution first appeared
The "Fertile Crescent" refers to
a region of Southwest Asia with rich soils and regular rainfall in which the agricultural revolution first appeared.
Which of the following was not among the elements instrumental in forming the Shang state?
a religious doctrine that identified the Shang ruler as a god.
In Europe, agricultural and village life occurred along two separate paths. Which of the following is one of them?
a sea route following the prevailing currents of the Mediterranean
bulla
a stamped clay seal
In Longshan culture Jade was
a symbol of power used by shamans in rituals and coveted by the elite
In Longshan culture, jade was
a symbol of power used by shamans in rituals and coveted by the elite
Which of the following is true about slaves in Assyria? a. Assyrians who were enslaved for not paying their debts were still permitted to marry free partners and engage in financial transactions. b. Foreigners enslaved through war were granted rights of marriage and the ability to work for wages. c. Foreigners forcibly relocated were enslaved in their new localities. d. Assyrian peasants were in fact enslaved to large land owners.
a. Assyrians who were enslaved for not paying their debts were still permitted to marry free partners and engage in financial transactions.
the discovery of another hominid in 2000 in southern kenya with both ape-like and human-like features was proof of all of the following except what?
absolutely all types of early hominids contributed to our genetic base
The general attitude of Islamic rulers toward religious minorities was characterized by
acceptance of religious minorities as long they accepted Islam's ultimate political hegemony.
The early Zhou state
achieved a balance between central authority and the power of local lords.
Early humans in the Americas:
adapted to different ecological niches and created new subsistence strategies
Early humans in the Americas
adapted to different ecological niches.
The Turkish invasions of India
added an Islamic layer to India's cultural mosaic.
Which best characterizes settlements in the Aegean world?
agrarian communities linked by trade & culture
Which best characterizes settlements in the Aegean world?
agrarian communities linked by trade and culture
The transformations in Brahmanism in the first few centuries CE
aided Hinduism by spreading the religion to new regions where it was absorbed by new groups of people.
The transformations in Brahmanism in the first few centuries CE:
aided Hinduism by spreading the religion to new regions where it was absorbed by new groups of people.
Farming began because
all of these
Trade network in Egypt
alloweed merchants to become wealthy & develop habits previously reserved for royalty
The Ming dynasty emperors based their power on all of the following except
an elite class of warriors called the janissaries.
envelope-tablet
an_________________ had been found—hollow balls of clays with tokens inside—which contained on the exterior a list of sheep and on the interior the exact number of tokens matching that inscribed on the outside.
The military innovations in China during the first millennium BCE included all of the following except
armies composed largely of teams of charioteers.
Christianity spread to every corner of the Roman Empire
around the end of the third century CE.
Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire
around the fourth century CE
Bell Beaker
artifact from Europe. For drinking. Resembled inverted bell
The emergence of the first cities occured
as a warming cycle raised temperatures around the globe & expanded growing seasons
The emergence of the first cities occured
as a warming cycle raised temperatures around the globe and expanded growing seasons
Based on our understanding today, which of the following had no impact on the spread of the Black Death?
astrological changes.
All of the following characterize the city-states of the Mediterranean basin in the first millennium BCE except
at the center of the city-state form was an important class of scribes and high priests.
order these chronologically: australopethicines homo erectus homo habilis homo sapiens
australopethicines homo habilis homo erectus homo sapiens
In 1974, the skeletal remains of lucy were later considered as those of
australopethicines afarensis
The late Han Empire suffered from all but which of the following problems?
bandits called the Yellow Turbans, who terrorized common people and elite alike.
The European drinking cup indicative of a warrior culture was
bell-shaped cup
a single god created the universe from nothingness, populating it with plants, animals, and humans in the span of six days
biblical creation narrative
The trait that gave early hominids a significant advantage for survival was
bipedalism
The two main features of Homo erectus that distinguished them from their competitors were
bipedalism and control of fire
Two main features of Homo erectus that distinguished them from their competitors were
bipedalism and control of fire
The cave paintings of early communities commonly included which of the following themes
bison, horses and bulls
the cave paintings of early human communities included which of the following themes?
bison, horses, bulls
Ancient Egyptian society used the Nile by
building basins that trapped rich topsoil as the Nile overflowed it's banks.
All of the following characterize Homo habilis or "Skillful Man" except:
building wood and mud shelters to provide protection from the elements.
Oracle bones
calf bones used by shang diviners communicate with dead ancestors.
The Vedic People
called themselves Aryan, which means "respected ones," and spoke Sanskrit, an Indo-European language.
All of the following are traits that distinguished hominids from other animals except
caring for young
The Chinese civil service examination focused on knowledge of
classical Chinese and the Confucian classics
The Chinese civil service examination focused on knowledge of
classical Chinese and the Confucian classics.
cylinder seals
clay balls contained the impressions of ____________ ____________, long narrow stone tubes with images engraved on them in reverse so that, when they're rolled over wet clay, they leave behind a picture in relief. Because each of these are so unique, Mesopotamians used them as a way of "signing" documents.
In the early states in the Central Andes
coastal fishermen exploited currents that allowed for large hauls of fish, which could be dried and transported.
Islamic culture during the Abbasid period
collected knowledge from many sources and expanded knowledge in many areas, especially mathematics.
Darius, who succeeded Cyrus as ruler of the Persian Empire
combined central and local administration to rule rather than forcing Persian customs on his subjects.
In ancient Egypt's religious life:
commoners looked to omens and divination to deal with the most profound questions of life
Early hominids
communicated mainly through gestures
The Nabataean city of Petra
contained a theater carved out of stone that seated up to 10,000 people.
the early hominids appeared in the region south, southeast of africa between 5 and 10mya when the climate was going through a ___ phase
cooling and drying
In addition to the civil service, what other group became influential politically and militarily in Tang China?
court eunuchs.
The Qin government minister Shang Yin implemented all of the following reforms except
creating a lenient legal code that stressed rewards for good behavior rather than punishments for crimes.
The use of cuneiform in Mesopotamia spread quickly because
cuneiform could be adapter to different languages.
Which of the following contributed to increased agricultural productivity during both the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods in China? a. Decrease in warfare permitted farmers to work in peace b. Peasants bound to the land as serfs c. Reforestation to provide fuel for farmers d.Crop rotation and oxen-pulled iron plows
d.Crop rotation and oxen-pulled iron plows
whether bipedalism or toolmaking was the distinguishing trait
debate over who the modern human were is based on...
Around 8000 BCE, people in the Sahel region of Africa: a. lived exclusively as hunter-gatherers. b. established the use of camels to convey goods across hot, arid territories. c. borrowed the idea of settled agriculture from Southwest Asia via the Nile River valley. d. developed agriculture with sorghum as the principal food crop.
developed agriculture with sorghum as the principal food crop.
Microsocieties of the Aegean & South Pacific were characterized by
dispersed communities that had limited interaction with others
Microsocieties of the Aegean and South Pacific were characterized by
dispersed communities that had limited interaction with others.
The Ming court generally felt that international trade was
disruptive enough to ban it but not so much to enforce the ban.
When Homo sapiens migrated out of Africa between 50,000 and 12,000 BCE:
distinct regional cultures developed as a response to different environments.
The Law Code of Hammurapi
divided society into three classes: freeman, dependent man, & slave
The position of sultan combined all of the following social functions except that of
divine demigod.
Urban-rural divide
division of those living in rural and city areas
Linear A and B
documents of the palace-centered Crete societies that were written on clay tablets in two scripts that were linear.
Sargon the Great, in creating the first territorial state, relied heavily on: a. earlier Mesopotamian innovations in irrigation, record-keeping, and urban development. b. the might of Sumerian cavalry. c. negotiating a peace between the independent city-states of Sumer and Uruk. d. excluding foreign influence that might undermine his authority.
earlier Mesopotamian innovations in irrigation, record-keeping, and urban development.
Sargon the great, in creating the first ancient city state, relied heavily on what?
earlier mesopotamian innovations in irrigation, record keeping, and urban development
Neanderthals
early hominids of afro-eurasia. 150,000 years ago.
Homo erectus
early homo species. first homini species to move out of africa
Book of the dead
egyptian funerary text.
The Council of Nicaea
established a basic creed that summed up the Christian faith in technical and philosophical terms.
The Council of Nicaea:
established a basic creed that summed up the Christian faith in technical and philosophical terms.
The Vedic people
established a long-distance trade network to ensure the ability to obtain horses.
In order to establish stability, the Qin
established an elaborate administrative hierarchy with officials directly responsible to the emperor.
The Laws of Manu
established elaborate social rules for living in a caste system.
The Laws of Manu:
established elaborate social rules for living in a caste system.
Alexander the Great's military campaigns resulted in all of the following except:
establishing an empire supported by political and military institutions.
The Mongols
failed to establish enduring dynasties in the Islamic territories they conquered.
Hunters and gatherers in Africa only developed settled agriculture after learning its techniques from the peoples of Southwest Asia
false
T/F The compilation of more than 300 edicts addressing crimes and their punishments is the Babylonian Code.
false
The australopethicines were humans
false
The mass armies developed during the Warring States period in China reduced warfare to a summer activity, as otherwise men were needed at home for spring planting and fall harvesting, and winter provided too many logistical issues for providing food and warmth to such large bodies of men
false
in the early sumerian cities, the temples were considered places where rituals were performed, gods dwelled elsewhere on mountains (t/f)
false
The collapse of the Old Kingdom in Egypt resulted from:
feuding between the factions of the political elite
Homo habilis
first substantial increase in brain size
Philosophy in the Greek city-states
focused on humans and their place in society.
The Phoenicians accomplished all but which of the following?
focused on securing their territorial frontiers in order to promote trade
In return for protecting allies from invaders, the Shang expected tribute in the form of:
foodstuffs, soldiers, and workers
In return for protecting allies from invaders, the Shang expected tribute in the form of: a. precious metals and gems. b. foodstuffs, soldiers, and workers. c. horses and cattle. d. silk and bronze.
foodstuffs, soldiers, and workers.
Speciation
formation of different species
Ancient Egypt
formed a highly coherent culture stretched out along the banks of the Nile River
Early Homo sapiens hunter-gatherers:
formed small bands that were relatively egalitarian
what evidence did scientists use to decide that hominids were more diverse than had been suggested by early finds such as lucy
fossil finds in east africa showed that several different kinds of early hominids were living in isolated societies and evolving separately
Venus figures
found Chauvet cave in southeastern france. 35,000 years old. Fertility goddess Venus
What led european social development to be dominated by warfare?
fragmentation of the regions peoples and the type of agriculture they pursued
In Europe, the printing press
gave voice to political views different from those of the king.
trickle trade
good is passed from one village to another
what are fiefs?
grants to subordinates
The Shang state in China
had at the heart of its power an awareness of the importance of promoting agricultural growth and controlling precious metals.
Ancient Egypt:
had nearly all of its needed natural resources available locally
Moses
he tale preserved in Hebrew lore that __________ received the gift of writing from God along with the Ten Commandments.
Pastoral nomadic
herded domesticated animals with demanding grazing requirements
which of the following best describes pastoral communities in afro-eurasia around 3500 bce
herders traded meat and animals products for grains, pottery, and tools with early settled agricultural communities
Transhumant refers to
herders who move their herds seasonally between micro environments
Transhumant referrs to
herders who move their herds seasonally between microenvironments
Which group of human ancestors first migrated out of Africa?
homo erectus
Which was the first group of human ancestors to migrate out of Africa
homo erectus
Shandingdong man
homo sapien whose fossile remains and relics can be dated back 18,000 years ago. Physically similar to modern humands. similar brain size
The Han and Roman empires shared all of the following characteristics except they
honored civil magistrates as the ideal and representative public servant.
Of the six large mammals used for meat, milk, labor, and protein, which was first domesticated outside Southwest Asia? a. Cattle b. Pigs c. Sheep d. Horses
horses
The first territorial state was established
in Akkad by Sargon the Great
rice in the south and millet in the north
in China, plant domestication developed around
was a symbol of power used by Shamans in rituals and coveted by the elite
in Longshan culture, jade
adept users of technology who established durable institutions and belief systems
in comparison to those who lived in the territorial states of Egypt and Mesopotamia; those who lived on the margins of these worlds were
maize, squash and beans in mesoamerica; wheat and barley in Europe
in mesoamerica, the major crops differed from Europe. the dominant crops in both regions were:
Adherents of Hinayana (or Theravada) Buddhism believed
in the divinity of Buddha but rejected Sanskrit texts that venerated the bodhisattvas.
The Nok culture produced
iron working and terra-cotta figurines.
The Nok culture produced:
iron working and terra-cotta figurines.
Epic of Utnapishtun/epic of Gilgamesh
is an epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia. Dating from the Third Dynasty of Ur (circa 2100 BC), it is often regarded as the first great work of literature. The literary history of Gilgamesh begins with five Sumerian poems about 'Bilgamesh' (Sumerian for 'Gilgamesh'), king of Uruk. These independent stories were later used as source material for a combined epic.
what was a change to human language when humans spread out of africa
it expanded into nineteen separate language families
All of the following are true about the Tang dynasty except
it extended its cultural influence to Korea and Japan.
what indicated that mohenjo daro was the center of political and ritual activities
it housed well-made public facilities, such as the great bath
The Shang dynasty had unprecedented dominance over its neighbors because of
its access to copper and tin and the technology to produce bronze from them.
Islam's expansive spiritual force derived from
its connection to imperial political authority.
Megarons
large buildings found in Troy
In Minoan culture
large palaces were neither fortified nor built to use natural defences.
Prehistoric human artwork included all of the following except
large rock carvings along the sides of caves.
what was the most important consequence of large-scale econological changes in Africa 200,000 years ago?
larger brained, quicker, more adaptable homo sapiens survived and spread out of africa
The Sasanian Empire
learned military techniques and technologies from central and South Asian peoples.
The Silk Road trade into China
led merchants to organize themselves into family lineages and occupation guilds.
During the development of settled agriculture, the emerging divisions between males and females:
left women performing more grueling agricultural labor than men
During the development of settled agriculture, the emerging divisions between males and females
left women performing more grueling agricultural labor than men.
Hammurapi's Code
legal code that divided society into three classes: free men, dependent men, and slaves, each with distinct rights and responsibilities.
Women in the Neo-Assyrian Empire
lived highly restricted lives that emphasized complete male control over them.
In the Neo-Assyrian state
local rulers of conquered people continued to hold power as vassals of Assyria.
The ancient Egyptian system to use the Nile flooding was devised and maintained by
local villagers.
Cities required all of the following EXCEPT:
locally available natural metal and mineral resources
Asoka, a faithful follower of Buddhism
made dhamma a concept that all religious schools in South Asia followed, regardless of faith.
Asoka, a faithful follower of Buddhism,
made dhamma a concept that all religious schools in South Asia followed, regardless of faith.
In Mesoamerica, the major crops differed from Europe. The dominant crops in both regions were
maize, squash and beans in Mesoamerica; wheat and barley in Europe
In Mesoamerica, the major crops differed from Europe. The dominant crops in both regions were
maize, squash, and beans in Mesoamerica; wheat and barley in Europe
rebus
many are expressed as a ___________, a "word-picture" in which the elements of the word are written as separate and unrelated pictures, like writing "carpet" by drawing an automobile and a cat or dog.
The most important innovations brought to Egypt by migrants and invaders from the West related to:
military technology
DNA analysis is one of the major methods scholars used to date humankind's early history. It measures:
mitochondrial variation in females.
The invasions and influences of nomadic peoples in South Asia
occurred as Alexander's and the Mauryan empires were disintegrating.
Which of the following statements about the invention of writing in Mesopotamia is True
only a small percentage of the population learned to read and write
ma'at
order or stability. responsibility of pharaos.
Chavin peoples
organized a complex trading system from tropical valley floors to the highlands.
Chavín peoples
organized a complex trading system from tropical valley floors to the highlands.
In ancient Egypt, the king
organized labor and public works under an elaborate bureaucracy.
Sumerian king list
organized the reign of kings by dynasty.
Food production by humans
originated in at least five separate locations.
In Sumerian Mesopotamia, the transhumant herders
paid taxes to and labored on public works projects for the Sumerian cities.
In contrast to Rome, Han monumental architecture was primarily associated with:
palaces and tombs of rulers.
The organizing principle of Shang society was
patrilineal.
perforations
piece of evidence attests to the use of tokens as a system of communication, the fact that many later ones have _______________, doubtlessly designed to allow them to be strung together.
The chief political innovation that marked the formation of the territorial state was
political power reaching out from the city into the distant hinterland
The chief political innovation that marked the formation of the territorial state was
political power reaching out from the city into the distant hinterland.
The empire of Charlemagne in Europe
praised war as the duty and joy of the aristocrat.
The Nile River was characterize by which of the following
predictable annual flood waters that could be dammed for their rich silt, thus helping agriculture
King Supiliulimua
preserved the Hittites' influence on the balance of power in the region between Mesopotamia and the Nile.
Phonemes
primary and distinctive sounds that are characteristic of human language.
The Babylonians:
produced the first epic narratives of purely human achievements
In Assyrian society
prostitutes were forbidden to wear veils so that their naked faces would signal their disreputable status.
The Chinese armada headed by Zheng He during the Ming dynasty was
proved by its distant travels to be the world's greatest dynasty at the time.
The Islamic empires discussed in this chapter
regularly fought one another over religious and economic issues.
Under the Tang, religion was
relatively free, and different religions flourished.
unpredictable flooding forced people to leave their lands
reliable water sources affected how and where people settled in all but which of the following ways
The Tang military
relied on pastoral nomadic peoples, who were integrated into the army, to secure western regions of the empire.
Early law codes such as Hammurapi's Code & the Ten Commandments in the Hebrew Bible had what in common?
religious or divine claims for the basis of laws
Early law codes such as Hammurapi's Code and the Ten Commandments in the Hebrew Bible had what in common?
religious or divine claims for the basis of laws
All of the following characterize the teaching of Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) except
renouncing desire can be achieved only with the help of the gods Shiva and Krishna.
In exchange for tax exemption, Constantine gave the Christian church:
responsibility for the urban poor.
The two primary staple crops for East Asia were
rice and millet
In China, plant domestication developed around
rice in the south and millet in the north
what ecological change contributed to the development of agriculture in japan?
rising sea levels created islands and limited the range of large game animals, leading to their extinction
In the Persian Empire
royal gifts from the king to the nobles reminded those receiving the gifts of their continual obligation to the ruler.
All of the following characterized the early empires that emerged in the first millennium BCE except
rulers did not establish unified laws and administrations across their kingdoms
Which of the following best describes the Austronesians?
sailors of the South Pacific
What language did the vedic speak?
sanskrit
Wu Zhao
sas a concubine who rose to become administrator of the court and then Empress.
What best answers why Aegean society was slow to develop cities
scattered settlements separated by natural obstacles
What best answers why Aegean society was slow to develop cities?
scattered settlements separated by natural obstacles.
Shang writing began when:
scribes inscribed queries to ancestors on oracle bones
Shang writing began when
scribes inscribed queries to ancestors on oracle bones.
Shang writing began when
scribes inscribed quires to ancestors on oracle bones.
which is an accurate statement about the status of scribes in ancient mesopotamian and egyptian societies
scribes status increased with the small number of people who were literate
Mycenaean palace culture was dependent on
scribes, who recorded the goods & services allocated to local people
Mycenaean palace culture was dependent on
scribes, who recorded the goods and services allocated to local people.
All of the following characterize the development of commerce by sea except
sea transport emerged primarily in regions where land trade could not be developed.
All of the following were reasons for migrations of peoples in the first millennium BCE except
search for better-paying jobs.
The Neo-Assyrian state used propaganda to bolster its support. All of the following are examples of this except
sermons given by religious leaders that praised the king.
The Sogdians
served as the human links between the two ends of the Silk Road.
The Sogdians:
served as the human links between the two ends of the Silk Road.
Confucius
set forth a new moral framework stressing correct performance of ritual, responsibility, loyalty to the family, and perfection of moral character.
In scribal cultures, including Mesopotamia and Egypt, writing:
sharpened the difference between urban and rural worlds
why do scientists infer that greece and troy, crete, and the greek mainland participated in a trading system that linked the agean and southwest asia
similarities in grave goods
Fertile Crescent
site of world's first agricultural revolution. in southeast asia.
Homo habilis means
skillful man
The new economy of the Hellenized Mediterranean was driven by
slave plantations.
The Assyrians' military advantages included all of the folowing except
slave soldiers who knew that defeat meant certain death.
In the steppe lands of Inner Mongolia
small communities turned primarily to animal breeding & herding
In the steppe lands of Inner Mongolia
small communities turned primarily to animal breeding and herding
The trans-Saharan and Indian Ocean slave trade
sold slaves as far as Iraq for tasks such as plantation labor, concubinage, dockwork, and the military.
As Homo sapiens migrated out of Africa between 50,000 and 12,000 BCE
some moved quickly into what is now China and began to created distinct regional cultures.
Which of the following forms of art have NOT been found among prehistoric humans?
statuettes of muscular men
Ziggurat
stepped platform temple
The cultural mosaic that characterized Southeast Asia in the period between 1000 and 1300 was a product of all of the following but
strict observance of the Zoroastrian religion.
Early European agriculturalists:
struggled to survive in a wild frontier
Sahel region
sub-saharan africa. wetter and more temperate locations
Daoism
taught that the best way to live was to follow the natural order of things.
The most significant way in which modern science challenged Asian creation narratives was that none of the Asian creation narratives recognized: a. the existence of multiple planetary systems. b. that planets were first joined together and would rejoin at the end of time. c. that humans descended from apes and originated in Africa. d. million-year time frames.
that humans descended from apes and originated in Africa.
a highly stratified society between noble warriors and peasants
the Aegean world was characterized by all of the following except
When Alexander the Great withdrew from the Indus Valley, which empire established itself in the political vacuum?
the Bacterian Empire
In the Korean peninsula
the Koryo dynasty adopted civil service examinations.
In the Korean peninsula,
the Koryo dynasty adopted civil service examinations.
The collection of customary Vedic social sanctions codified into laws was called
the Laws of Manu
The Phoenicians developed which groundbreaking innovation?
the alphabet
The single most important reason that allowed the appearance of cities in the river valleys is:
the availability of water independently of rain
Hellenism and Buddhism demonstrate all of the following except
the distinct and separate development of isolated cultures in the Mediterranean, North Africa and Asia.
What two significant innovations decisively affected the development of Europe?
the domestication of horses and the emergence of wheeled chariots and wagons
cuneiform
the earliest known script in Western Civilization, _______________, the "wedge-shaped" system of signs used by the ancient Sumerians.
accounting system
the existence of many tokens having the same shape but in different sizes does, in fact, suggest they once belonged to an__________ ______________ of some sort.
All of the following were sources of Macedonia's and Alexander's military and political strength, except
the highly developed naval tradition of the Greeks.
The flight by Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina is called
the hijra
why did early agricultural settlements rise in the indus before the ganges?
the indus valley suffered less from the yearly monsoons than the ganges valley did
Christians entered the Mediterranean-wide debates on religion particularly on what topic?
the issue of obedience to God rather than to human rulers
northern europe
the last part of Afro- Eurasia to be occupied by Homo erectus was
The Zhou doctrine that legitimated the rule of a dynasty was called
the mandate of heaven
The system of political legitimacy established by the Zhou dynasty was called
the mandate of heaven.
All of the following characterize the Warring State period in China except
the regional Warring States had armies of modest size.
what is the primary reason nomadic pastoralism flourished in the northern area of eurasia instead of transhumant pastoralism
the steppes were unable to support large agricultural settlements, but could support large herds of grazing animals
entrepots
tradings stations between communities
The Shang ruler's wealth & power were based on
tribute from elites within society & allies
As the Old Kingdom in Egypt waned, the Egyptian state became less centralized, and high officials began claiming power that had once been the sole province of the pharaoh.
true
Reliable water sources affected how and where people settled in all but which of the following ways?
unpredictable flood waters forced people from their lands
in early riverine china, which of the following best characterizes the rate of urbanization and the factors that contribute to them
urbanization was slower in china than in egypt and mesopotamia because of geographic barriers and less easily domesticated plants and animals
Philip II of Macedonia
used income from gold mining and the slave trade to finance new military technology and a full-time army.
Buddhism in China
used irony and paradox to show the limitations of reason.
Buddhism in China:
used irony and paradox to show the limitations of reason.
To spread and consolidate their rule, the Han
used large armies armed with crossbows, and drafted laborers for public works projects.
Homo
used to differentiate between pre and true human species
In the Mediterranean city-states
violent rivalries filled the histories of the city-states.
In the Mediterranean city-states,
violent rivalries filled the histories of the city-states.
Bipedalism
walking on 2 legs
Hellenism
was a Greek-based cultural system that linked dispersed regions.
Wu Zhao
was a concubine who rose to become administrator of the court and then Empress.
The rise of trade:
was aided by the establishment of settled communities, which typically locally lacked some needed goods
The rise of trade:
was aided by the establishment of settled communities, which typically locally lacked some needed goods.
Hannibal
was an expert military tactician and planner and attacked Italy by marching elephants over the Alps.
Hannibal
was an expert military tactician and planner, and attacked Italy by marching elephants over the Alps.
Marchants in Mesopotamian kingdoms
were able to trade with the Indus River Valley through sea routes
Merchants in Mesopotamian kingdoms
were able to trade with the Indus River Valley through sea routes.
The Vedic people
were an Indo-European-speaking nomadic people who settled in South Asia.
Islamic philosophers
were considered among the most knowledgeable of their time, and influenced the thinking of western philosophers like Saint Thomas Aquinas.
In comparison with Afro-Eurasians, the people of the Americas:
were more scattered and isolated from each other
When did significant cultural differences emerge among humans?
with the advent of settled agriculture
In Roman society,
women had much greater control over their own wealth and property and greater freedom of action than women had in the Greek city-states.
Minoan culture mixed imported and indigenous influences. Which of the following represents an indigenous trait?
worship of a female deity, known as the "Lady"
How did Shang kings reinforce their rule?
writing and metallurgy.
editing
writing give us a means for scrutinizing and ___________ our ideas which permits us to rewrite our thoughts.
