The Stress Emotions: Anger, Fear, and Joy/ Stress Prone Personality Traits

List several ways to help promote self-esteem.

1. Do something you've been putting off 2. Gratitude 3. Treat yourself like your best friend 4. Replace the perfectionism 5. Use healthier motivation habits 6. Stop falling into the comparison trap 7.Remember the whys of high self-esteem

List the stress-resistant personalities and give an example of each.

1. Hardy Personality (3 C's) 2. Survivor Personality 3. Type R Personality (Sensation Seekers)

List the stress-prone personalities and give an example of each.

1. Type A 2. Codependent 3. Helpless-Hopeless - all have one common factor: low self-esteem

Describe the emotion of fear

Fear is based on an actual or vicarious exposure to physical or emotional pain. Those fears that enable a person to avoid life-threatening situations are called useful fears, while those that are exaggerated and immobilize the individual are deemed useless fears. It is the latter, irrational fears that are targeted for change.

Describe the emotion of anger (The fight response)

Feelings of anger initiate the fight response to defend oneself and the components that constitute one's identity.

Copendency

A stress prone personality with many traits and behaviors that seem to increase the likelihood of perceived stress and the inability to cope effectively with it; addictive in nature; based on the need to make others dependent to receive self validation. Traits: Ardent approval seekers Perfectionists Super-overachievers Crisis managers Devoted loyalists Self-sacrificing martyrs Manipulators "Victims" Feelings of inadequacy Reactionaries

Type R

Courageous people confront stress by calculating their risks in extreme situations and then proceeding with gust Zuckerman (1971) identified the sensation-seeking personality (type R) as those people who seek thrills and sensations but take calculated risks in their endeavors; they appear to be dominated by an adventurous spirit. Stepping beyond what the average person might feel as being comfortable

What are ways to help cope with, manage, and resolve anger feelings?

Current stress-management programs are introducing courses in creative anger management to change anger-generated thoughts and feelings into constructive energies that work toward peaceful resolution.

Helpless/Hopeless

Describes a person who has given up on life, or aspects of it, as a result of repeated failures. Traits: Poor self-motivation Cognitive distortion where perception of failure repeatedly eclipses prospects of success Emotional dysfunction External locus of control of reinforcing behavior

In what way does fear become manifested with stress?

It will usually evolve into a phobia. Once a phobia has taken hold it can be very difficult to relieve the stress caused by its triggering association.

Explain eustress as a means to achieve emotional balance

Joy and happiness are the eustress emotions. The field of positive psychology has illuminated these two emotions as vital aspects of life, necessary for emotional balance. In short, You won't be happy unless you learn to emotionally balance your stress.

Type A

Once associated with time urgency, is not associated with unresolved anger issues. Traits: ultracompetitive, rapid speech patterns, multitasking, impatience, manipulative control, hyperaggressiveness and free-floating hostility

In what way is anger mismanaged?

People's anger is mismanaged when they turn into Somatizers, Self-punishers, Exploders, or Underhanders.

Describe Self-esteem and explain what role it plays in promoting and resolving stress.

Self-esteem is a crucial cornerstone of personality. Low self-esteem attracts stress; high self-esteem seems to repel it. Clemes states that self-esteem consists of four components: connectedness, uniqueness, power (control), and models. The strength or weakness of these components is highly correlated with level of self-esteem.

Hardy

Term coined by Maddi and Kobasa; perosnality characterisitcs that, in combination, seem to buffer against stress: control, commitment and challenge. Commitment: invests oneself in the solution Control: takes control of a situation, doesn't run from it Challenge: sees opportunity rather than the problems

Describe one or more ways to cope with, manage, and resolve fear or anxiety

The most effective way to dissolve fear is to confront it. One way to do so is through a technique called systematic desensitization, where the stressor is confronted piecemeal to build a psychological immunity to it.

Survivor

The traits that comprise a unique winning attitude to overcome adversity and challenges, no matter what the odds may be, so that one comes out the victor, not the victim. Bi-phase traits (left and right brain skills) -Proud but humble -Selfish but altruistic -Rebellious but cooperative -Spiritual but irreverent -Considered optimists and good at creative problem solving