The Thirty Years' War

Who were the big winners of the Thirty Years' War? Who were the losers?

France and Sweden; Spain, and the Austrian-based Habsburgs

What wrecked the German states and was the most destructive conflict Europe had seen for centuries?

The Thirty Years' War

What was replaced by secular control of territory? What was replaced as the supreme goal of the rival powers?

Theological uniformity; population

From 1648 on, Germany ceased to exist as what?

a political concept and broke up into dozens, and then hundreds of small kingdoms and principalities.

By 1635, the war had become an ___ beyond consideration of religion.

international struggle

For Spain, the ultimate results were almost as __, although the war was not fought on Spanish territory.

painful

The Thirty Years' War quickly became a ___ for territory and ___ on the part of the multiple contestants.

struggle; worldly power

What was worked out after 5 years of haggling?

the Treaty of Westphalia

What was the Treaty of Westphalia?

the treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648; the first modern peace treaty, in that it established strategic and territorial gains as more important than religious or dynastic ones.

When did the Thirty Years' War begin?

In 1618, when the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor attempted to check the spread of Protestant sentiments in part of his empire.

Most of the fighting of the Thirty Years' war was where?

In Germany