The Three World Order

For which of the following reasons did President Harry Truman authorize use of the atomic bomb in 1945?

An Allied invasion of Japan would cost hundreds of thousands of American lives, since the Japanese had vowed to defend the main islands to the last man, woman, or child.

Why did the development of more effective nuclear weapons ultimately decrease the risk of a direct confrontation between the United States and the USSR?

Any conflict that involved nuclear weapons had the potential to destroy the world.

What was the cause of the OPEC oil embargo of 1973?

Arab oil-producing states wanted to pressure Israel's First World allies by halting oil exports to them.

Which of the following led to the internal migration of 12 million South Asians in 1947?

Both Hindus and Muslims left their homes to relocate to the new countries, India or Pakistan, after more than a million people were killed in religious conflicts.

Which of the following is a similarity between the decolonization experiences of Algeria and South Africa?

Both countries had large numbers of European settlers, which prevented a smooth transfer of power.

Which of the following accurately compares the Germans and Japanese during the 1930s and 1940s?

Both developed theories of racial superiority.

Why did Egypt emerge as a potent symbol of pan-Arab nationalism in 1956?

Egypt's military under Nasser was able to reclaim the Suez Canal from the British, French, and Israelis.

Which of the following encouraged the European powers to surrender their African colonies?

European powers were too deep in debt to invest more in pacifying the discontented Africans.

Which of the following led Zionist militants to use force in their attempt to gain statehood?

Following World War II, hundreds of thousands of concentration camp survivors sought entry into Palestine.

Which of the following techniques did Adolf Hitler use to create his racially based new world order?

He set up puppet governments that complied with deportation orders for Jews.

Under what circumstances did the Cold War become a "hot" war?

It became a hot war when the United States and the Soviet Union armed their Third World allies and encouraged proxy wars.

Which of the following was a consequence of Rachel Carson's book, Silent Spring?

It led to the environmental movement, which questioned many of the ideas about economic progress and material prosperity upon which the "American Dream" had rested.

In comparison with life in First World countries, which of the following best describes life for ordinary people in Second World countries?

Lower standards of living, but higher levels of economic security

Why did communism appeal to many Europeans after World War II?

Many eastern Europeans, reacting to the horrors of fascism, looked to the Soviets for solutions to rebuild society.

Why was the launch of Sputnik significant in the context of the Cold War?

Sputnik elevated the prestige of Soviet science to observers in the Third World.

Which of the following is a reason that communism lost its appeal in post-World War II Western Europe?

Strong economic growth led to increased standards of living and expanded access to services like education and health care.

What contributed to Japan's postwar economic "miracle"?

The Japanese government's protectionism and partnerships with private firms

Which of the following saved Chinese communists from being overwhelmed by Nationalist forces in the Chinese Civil War?

The Japanese invasion diverted Nationalist troops from pursuing the communists into the Chinese interior.

What did the Berlin Wall signify?

The Soviet Union's attempt to insulate its sphere of influence from the West

Which of the following factors led to the failure of Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward in 1958?

The communes failed to provide enough food to avoid famine, and the manufactured goods were inferior.

For Léopold Senghor—leading figure in the Negritude movement—how did Negritude and European civilization relate to each other?

The two would eventually fuse into a hybrid Afro-European culture.

Why did many African leaders think that Africa would move swiftly to a special African form of socialism following decolonization?

They believed that the common African traditions that informed Negritude would enable them to embrace social justice and equality.

Which of the following issues led to the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union?

They had diametrically opposed political and economic ideologies.

which of the following accurately depicts the Vietnamese intelligentsia under French rule?

Western-educated Vietnamese worked as clerks, teachers, and petty officials, but had few opportunities for advancement.

Which Cold War event brought the world closest to nuclear war?

the Cuban Missile Crisis