the unity and diversity of life chapter 21

green alga

Common term for one of the single-celled, colonial, or multicelled photosynthetic protists that has chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b; a chlorophyte or charophyte alga.

What domain and Kingdom do Stramenophiles belong to?

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Protista

What formed the white cliffs of Dover and forms chalk?

Foraminiferans and radiolarians

Amoebic Dysentery is caused by:

a protozoan

plankton

Community of tiny drifting or swimming organisms.

Are Stramenophiles Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes

secondary endosymbiosis

Evolution of a chloroplast from a protist that itself contains chloroplasts that arose by primary endosybmiosis.

primary endosymbiosis

Evolution of an organelle from bacteria that entered a host cell and lived inside it

euglenoid

Flagellated protozoan with multiple mitochondria; may be heterotropic or have chloroplasts descended from a green alga.

Protist

General term for member of one of the eykayotic lineages that is not a fungus, animal, or plant.

What did the marine iguanas eat in Galapagos?

Green Algae: sea lettuce, ulva

water mold

Heterotrophic protist that grows as nutrient-absorbing filaments.

choanoflagellates

Heterotrophic protists thought to be the sister group of animals; collared cells strain food from water.

foraminifera

Heterotrophic single-celled protists with a porous calcium carbonate shell and long cytoplasmic extentions.

radiolaria

Heterotrophic single-celled protists with a porous silica shell and a long cytoplasmic extensions.

contractile vacuole

In freshwater protists, an organelle that collects and expels excess water.

Who discovered protozoa

Leewenhoek

amoebozoans

Lineage of heterotrophic, unwalled protists that live in soils and water; includes amoebas and slime molds.

alveolate

Member of a protist lineage having small sacs beneath the plasma membrane; dinoflagellate, ciliate, or apicomplexan.

brown algae

Multicelled marine protist with a brown accessory pigment (fucoxanthin) in its chloroplasts.

alternation of generations

Of land plants and some algae, a life cycle in which both haploid and diploid multicelled bodies form.

hydrogenosome

Organelle that produces ATP and hydrogen gas by an anaerobic pathway; evolved from mitochondria.

multicellular organism

Organism composed of interdependent cells that vary in their structure and function.

colonial organism

Organism composed of many integrated cells, each capable of living and reproducing on its own.

pellicle

Outer layer of plasma membrane and elastic proteins that protects and gives shape to many unwalled, single-celled protists.

trypanosome

Parasitic flagellate with a single mitochondrion and a membrane-encased flagellum.

red alga

Photosynthetic protist; typically multicelled, with chloroplasts containing red accessory pigments (phycobilins).

What class of protozoans resembles both amoeboids and fungi and are often found in east texas woodlands on dead rotting logs?

Plasmodial slime molds

algal bloom

Population explosion of photosynthetic cells in an aquatic habitat.

bioluminescence

Production of light by an organism.

flagellated protozoan

Protist belonging to an entirely or mostly heterotrophic lineage with no cell wall and one or more flagella.

stramenopiles

Protist lineage that includes the photosynthetic diatoms and brown algae, as well as the hetrotrophic water molds. some members of the group have a hairy flagellum.

apicomplexian

Single-celled alveolate protist that lives as a parasite inside animal cells; some cause malaria or toxoplasmosis.

diatom

Single-celled photosynthetic protist with a brown accesory pigment (fucoxanthin) and a two-part silica shell.

dinoflagellate

Single-celled, aquatic protist with cellulose plates and two flagella; may be heterotrophic or photosynthetic.

protist ciliate

Single-celled, heterotropic protist with many cilia.

amoeba

Single-celled, unwalled protist that extends pseudopods to move and to capture prey.

plasmodial slime mold

Soil-dwelling protist that feeds as a multi nucleated mass. develops into a fruiting body under adverse conditions.

cellular slime mold

Soil-dwelling protist that feeds as solitary cells but congregates under adverse conditions to form a cohesive unit that develops into a fruiting body.

Kelp, the largest algae

brown algae

source of algin to prevent ice crystals form forming in ice cream

brown algae

How do paramecia and stentors move?

cilia

What is the most primitive type of sexual reproduction that is exhibited by ciliated protozoans?

conjuction

Freshwater protists live in hypotonic solutions which means that the water concentration is higher outside their cell. As a result, water constantly enters and would explode the cell except for which of the following organelles?

contractile vacuole

Added to paint for headlight reflection, toothpaste for polishing teeth and swimming pool filters

diatoms

What algae have silica in their cell walls?

diatoms

What type of algae contains silica in their cells walls, is found in both fresh and salt water, and was studied in lab?

diatoms

causes "red tide" that kills fish

dinoflagellates

What organism causes amoebic dysentrery and contaminates most drinking water supplies in the world?

entamoeba hystolycia

Protozoans: are they prokaryotes or eukaryotes

eukaryote

What protozoan contaminates fresh water streams in the US and causes severe diarrhea?

giardia lamblia

sea lettuce in galapagos islands

green algae

What is the function of the eye spot?

helps detect light

What disease does plasmodium vivax cause

malaria

When we use terms like amoeboids, flagellates, and ciliates we are referring to the protists means of:

movement

How does Amoeba move

pseudopodia

source of agar for culturing bacteria and gel caps for vitamins and drugs

red algae

Which protozoans are non-motile

sporazoans

What are the most complex protozoans

the ciliates

Why are algae important to the aquatic food chain

they are the producers of the aquatic food chain

What is a vector

transmit disease from one organism to another

What causes African sleeping sickness and how is it transmitted?

trypansmoa brucei, carried by the tse tse fly

How is Chaga's disease transmitted? What famous scientist probably suffered from it?

trypansoma cruzi from the kissing bug, darwin may have contracted while on the voyage of the beagle

The female Anopheles mosquito, the Kissing bug, the tse-tse fly, and some ticks and fleas transmit disease form one organism to another. They are referred to as:

vectors

Describe the flagellum and how it works

whip like tail that helps it move/ rotates and propels the protozoan forward.