theolgy exam pt 2

"prayer and work" The monks strucutred their days in a routine of prayer, work and fasting. (152)

The Rule of St Benedict required the monks to order their lives around the motto ora et labora. What did he mean by that?

842 or 843

The Second Council of Nicaea in 787 AD condemned the Iconoclast heresy. When did it finally die out?-

They both turned to Christ before important battles, and won.

The circumstances surrounding Clovis' conversion are similar to those of Constantine. How so?

Basically, the empire was divided up among his heirs and by the late 800's it dissolved.

After Charles the Great died in 814, what became of the Holy Roman Empire?

1. Nicene Creed was adopted. They added the words "proceeds from the father, who with the father and the son is adored and glorified." 2. Met to discuss the divinity of the Holy Spirit and crush Arianism.

At the Council of Constantinople I, which of the following things were discussed?-

He had to force the Saxons to convert to Christianity. Previous efforts were fruitless. It worked and Charlemagne made laws to ensure the Saxons remained in the faith. The Saxons accepted the faith and ended their violence.

Charles the Great was a devout Catholic who wanted to spread the Faith. How did he do that?

because there was an agreement, the Goths sought refuge and Emperor Valens allowed them to come. They were given land and provisions and they had to provide soldiers to the Roman army. The problem was they were mistreated and abused by the Romans so they turned against them. Fritgen led the Goths into battle against the Romans and the Romans lost. Thousands died and so did Valens.

Emperor Valens was killed in 378 AD at the Battle of Adrianople. Who was he fighting against and why?

"tireless activity, his gift for organization, and his adaptable, friendly, yet firm character." 2. Established monasterie 3. Got rid of the Thunder Oak tree where they sacrifice to Thor. Inhabitants of Geismer were baptized. (158-160)

How did St Boniface convert the Germanic tribes in the regions to which he was sent?

Subplanted the Merovingian dynasty which was established by Clovis in 481.

How did the Carolingians come to power?

Both a and c, by the preaching of the Apostles, by the writing of the New Testament

How did the message of the Gospel spread?

1. Defended rome from Attila and the Huns in 452 AD. 2. He was an excellent preacher, and exerted papal supremacy throughout the Church. 3. Wrote a theological work (Leo's Tome) used at Chalcedon to defeat Nestorianism and Monophysitism.

Identify Pope St Leo's important accomplishment(s) during his pontificate (check all that apply).

1. Saxon Campaigns: He forced Saxons to convert after previous failed efforts and it worked. They accepted the faith and ended their violence. 2. Personal protection of Pope Leo III who was attacked in Rome and fled to the Frankish Kingdom. Leo eventually appointed Charles the Pope on 12.25.800 3. The Holy Roman Empire exited under him. The Church and Empire lived together in peace 4. Oganized a military 5. Minted coins and set currency 6. Church reform 7. United the Empire through art, architecture, and education in the Caroligian Renaissance. 8. Demanded clerics in his realm could read and write. 9. Developed and easier script to read and write called Caroligian Minscula. 10. Consdered the "Father of Europe"

Identify the achievements of Charles the Great (check all that apply).

common language, common transportation system,common government,common culture, NOT common methods of execution, common medical practices, common religion

Identify the characteristics of the Roman Empire that made conditions right for the incarnation.

1. First monk to be elected pope. 2. He strove to defend the church and the papcy against secular rulers. 3. In his 14 year reign, he restored prestige and respect to the papcy and the city of Rome. He rebuilt Rome into an important and proud city after years of neglect. 4. He organized a system of relief for the poor. 5. Established hospitals to care for the sick and injured. 6. Reformed the liturgy and music, the Gregorian chant.

Identify the reasons that St Gregory the Great's pontificate was important (check all that apply).

He failed to unite and end the fighting between the Monophysites and the orthodox. Failed to reunify the Ancient Roman Byzantine Empire.

Justinian was emperor from 527 to 565 AD. Which of the following is NOT one of his accomplishments?

murdering infants, cannibalism,being bad citizens

Pagans often accused Christians of being/doing which of the following things? (check all that apply)

They had to undergo a period of testing and initiation to determine if monastic life suited them. They had to be in community NOT hermits. Live a balanced life between active and contemplative lifestyle. Celibacy Moderate food consumption. No ostentatious clothing. Smiling was allowed, laughing outloud was NOT.

St Basil the Great wrote a 'Rule' for monks in his monastery to live in community. Which of the following was NOT a part of their way of life?

Odacer killed Orestes and forced Romulus Augustus to give up power; the Eastern portion of the Epmore did nothing about it; Odacer proclaimed himself the King of Italy.

The year 476 AD is typically associated with the fall of the Roman Empire in the West. Why?

false

True/False: Augustine wrote his Confessions to answer arguments that were being made by pagans that Christians were the problem (again) in the Roman Empire.

false

True/False: Iconoclasts were strictly opposed to those who honored sacred images, but they did not physically harm them.

They had the support of the emperor/emperess. The political power kept heresies alive.

What is one main reason why heresies flourish?

Hypostatic Union

What is the term for the union of the Divine Nature and human nature in the Person of Christ?

Thought that Christ did not have a human soul.

What was the error associated with Apollinaris of Laodicea?

553 AD, 1. The council condemned the writings of the Three Chapters. 2. Reiterated the teachings of Chalcedon. 3. Eventually, the Chalcedon was upheld and the Three Chapters were condemned. (175) 4. Monothelitism emerges as a compromise position, in with he former Monophysites agree that Jesus had two nature if it were also affirmed that his will was completely united with that of God. Monophysites "one nature," Monothelitism "one will."

What year did the Council of Constantinople II meet, and what was the outcome?

ambrose

Which man began his life as a Roman pagan, became a Roman official, was chosen to become a bishop before he was even baptized, and ended his life as one of the greatest bishops of the 4th century?

religion (might be just this answer), education, civil rights

Which of the following characteristics were lacking from the Roman Empire?

He was the Caesar under Diocletian in the East. Galerius is known as "the Beast," because he persuaded Diocletian to inititate the Great Persecution.

Who was Galerius

Eutyches He taught Monophysitism which said Jesus only had one nature. His human nature was absorbed by his divine nature.

Who was condemned at the Council of Chalcedon and why?

the franks or fance, Muslim army retreated in the middle of the night. (168)

Who was victorious at the Battle of Poitiers in 732 AD?

Christians were secretive, Christianity was viewed as unpatriotic/harmful to the empire,Christianity was illegal

Why did Christians suffer persecution at the hands of the Romans? Check all that apply.

Pope Martin grasped the error of Monothelitism (Christ only had one will - divine and not human). He gathered 150 bishops who condemned the heresy. Constans II began a campaign to get rid of the meddelsome Pope Martin. (176)

Why did Emperor Constans II kidnap Pope Martin I?

He wanted to reunite the Roman Empire. His wife, Theodora was a Monophysite and maintained a group of Monophysite monks at the imperial palace. (160)

Why did Justinian want to compromise with the Monophysite heretics?

He believed private relations were as important as Scripture

Why was Montanus a heretic?

Duke William gave the monks spiriutal and temporal freedom from local control

Why were the Cluniac reforms so successful?