Theology Chapter 1 TEST 5/24/19

How do we know Jesus wanted a Pope?

- He said it in scripture: "You are Peter, and upon this rock, I will build my Church and the gates of Hell shall not prevail against it. I will give you the keys to the kingdom of heaven. Whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatever you loose shall be loosed in heaven" (Matthew 16:18-20).

The Great Commission

- Occurred during his resurrected state towards the end of the 40 days. - Right before he ascended into heaven.

The Birth of the Church

- Christ's self-sacrifice for us is what gave birth to the Church. - The blood and water that poured from Jesus' side were both the start and the growth of the Church. - "As Eve was formed from the sleeping Adam's side, so the Church was born from the pierced heart of Christ hanging dead on the Cross" (CCC 766). - The blood and water the flowed out of his pierced side with the birth of the Church (represents BAPTISM AND THE EUCHARIST).

How does the Holy Spirit guide the Church today?

- Continues the mission of Christ. - Works through the Pope and Bishops (The Magisterium). - The Holy Spirit is the soul of the Mystical Body of the Church. - Inspired scripture and helps us to interpret scripture today. - The Sacraments are made possible by the Holy Spirit. - Empowers us to build the Church (from our Baptism and Confirmation).

Stephen

- First Martyr: Stephen. - Martyr: Someone who dies for the faith. - Stephen, a Christian convert and deacon was accused of blasphemy. - He began to preach through the power of the Holy Spirit, explaining how Jesus was the Messiah. - They stoned him to death for his witness of Christ.

The Ascension

- Jesus' last words: "You will receive power when the Holy Spirit has com upon you; and you shall be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria and to the ends of the earth" (Acts 1:8). - "When he had said this, as they were watching, he was lifted up and a cloud took him out of their sight" (Acts 1:9-12).

St. Peter's Authority Today

- St. Peter's authority (Primacy of Peter) continues through the Papacy. - Victor of Christ (from Latin): "In the person of Christ." - The Pope speaks and acts in the person of Christ in the Church. - We call him "Holy Father."

Trials and Persecutions in the Early Church, Growth of the Church

- The Apostles followed Jesus' advice and spread the Gospel to Judea, Samaria, and to the ends of the earth. - Christian followers were imprisoned and beaten. - The Apostles still refused to stop preaching about Christ as ordered by the Jewish authorities. - First believers of Christianity were the Jewish people. - Then it was the Gentiles .- All of the Apostles died a martyr's death except for John.

What was Jesus' purpose (The Ascension)?

- To send them out to the entire world and human race.

St. Paul's Mission

- To spread Christianity to the Gentiles. - "I have set you to be a light for the Gentiles, that you may bring salvation to the uttermost parts of the earth" (Acts 13:47). - St. Paul was prepared for his mission because he spoke Greek and Latin, knew philosophy (could defend the Christian doctrine), and had OT knowledge (could argue with the Jews); he had Roman citizenship (kept him safe). - He spread the Gospel message to the Mediterranean region. - Wrote the most New Testament Letters: Romans, Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Thessalonians, Timothy, Titus, Philemon, Hebrews. - Died around AD 64. - Was beheaded in Rome (was spared crucifixion because he was a Roman citizen)>

What does the Pope do?

- United the Church. - Proclaims the Gospel to the whole world. - Shepherds the Bishops and the Faithful. - Resolves faith and moral matters.

The Promise of Presence of God Within the Church (The Great Commission)

- "I am with you always until the end of the age." - This is possible through the power of the Holy Spirit.

What did they do after Pentecost?

- "They devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching and fellowship to the breaking of the bread and prayers" (Acts 2: 42). - They continued to spread the Gospel (Good News) and the Church grew.

Pentecost Quote

- "When the day of Pentecost had come, they were all together in one place. And suddenly from heaven there came a sound like the rush of a violent wind, and it filled the entire house where they were sitting. Divided tongues as of fire, appeared among them, and a tongue rested on each of them. All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other languages, as the Spirit gave them ability" (Acts 2:1-4).

Why 12 Apostles?

- 12 referred to the 12 tribes of Israel showing that God was establishing the new people of God. - Jesus chose 12 leaders to continue his mission after he went to heaven to bring us into communion with God.

How did Jesus make disciples (The Great Commission)?

- Baptize in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit (Trinity). - Teach them to obey everything I have told you. - This is why we have Catholic Schools: to make disciples, following Jesus' instruction.

The Conversion

- Blinded by Christ; led by friends into Damascus. - Was baptized by Ananias and regained sight. - Totally changed and converted and spread Christianity.

Typology between the OT and NT

- David's kingdom has 12 chief servants and from the 12, he chose 1 Prime Minister. - "I will place on his shoulder the key of the house of David; he shall open and none shall shut; and none shall open" (Isaiah 22:22). - The 1 Prime Minister = Pope.

Heaven

- Everlasting Kingdom. - Perfect Communion (Perfect Relationship) with God and each other. - The way we get to heaven is through the Church (Kingdom of God on Earth).

St. Paul's Conversion

- Happened on the way to Damascus. - Saul was heading to Damascus because he heard there were Jesus' followers in the Syrian city of Damascus; Saul went to arrest them.

Peter as the Foundation and Leader of the Church

- His name was "Simon" and Jesus changed it to "Peter." - The name, Peter, has significance. - Peter comes from Cephas (Aramaic word) meaning "Rock" (Petros: Greek). - Peter is the "rock" on which Jesus built the Church.

Pentecost and the Power of the Holy Spirit

- Holy Spirit: the love between the Father and the Son.

What is the Ascension?

- Jesus ascended into heaven on Mt. Olivet and the Apostles witnessed it. - To convert Jesus, to prove that he is the Messiah.

St. Peter: The First Pope

- Jesus gave Peter authority over the disciples and the Church. - This (the quote on the next card) is called the Primacy of Peter: Papacy.

Jesus' Central Message: Proclamation of the Kingdom of God

- Jesus' public ministry began with this message: "This is the time of fulfillment. The Kingdom of God is at hand. Repent, and believe in the gospel" (Mark 1:15). - His message was about the Kingdom of God: Heaven.

The Promise of the Holy Spirit

- Jesus: "It is better that I go away, for if I do not go away, the Advocate will not come to you; but if I go, I will send him to you. Ans when he comes, he will prove the world wrong about sin, and righteousness and judgement: because they do not believe me. When the Spirit of Truth comes, he will guide you into all truth" (said at the Last Supper) (John 16: 7-9, 13). - The Holy Spirit is coming as promised.

Timeline of Jesus after his death

- RESURRECTION: occurred on the 3rd day after his death. - JESUS IN RESURRECTED/GLORIFIED STATE: lasted 40 days. Jesus walked on earth with his Apostles for 40 days, giving them their final instructions and teachings, and spoke about the kingdom of heaven and the Church. - ASCENSION: occurred after 40 days of being in his resurrected state on earth. - At this time, Jesus ascended into heaven. - PENTECOST: Occurred 10 days after the Ascension into heaven (50 days after the Resurrection).

Choosing the 12 Apostles: Beginning to Build the Church

- The Apostles had one job: to build the Church. - Apostle: one who is sent forth on a mission. - Jesus instructed them to make this proclamation: The Kingdom of Heaven is at hand. - Matthew 10: 5-10.

The Next 10 Days: Waiting for the Holy Spirit

- The Apostles went into Jerusalem, following Jesus' command. - The Apostles went into the upper room (where they celebrated the Last Supper). - They were with Mary, mother of Jesus, and 120 people in the room. - Devoted themselves to prayer. - Peter and The apostles replaced Judas with Matthias making them 12 apostles again. - During this time they made disciples.

What did the Holy Spirit do?

- The HS gave the apostles courage to preach the Gospel to crowds, brought them out from hiding. - The HS gave them the ability to speak in different languages. - Peter had courage to speak boldly to the crowds. - HS=Power.

Pentecost

the Jewish faith where it was a day the commemorated when Moses received the 10 commandments on Mt. Sinai.

Proof that Peter had authority from the Bible

1.) Chose Matthias to replace Judas. 2.) Spoke at Pentecost to the people. 3.) Performed the 1st miracle (healing of a crippled man). 4.) Defined the Church teaching at Council of Jerusalem. - St. Peter grew the Christian community in Rome and that's why the Pope is in Rome. - He was martyred by being crucified upside down in Rome (because he didn't feel worthy to die the same way as Christ) around AD 64.

St. Peter's role in the Church/Primacy of Peter as Pope

1.) Rock: foundation of the Church. 2.) Keys: leader and Christ's representative. 3.) Power of binding and loosing: making decisions for the Church (EX. choosing Matthias as the 12th Apostle).

St. Paul: History of his Life

- Born around AD 5 in Tarsus (Turkey). - Raised as a devout Jew. - Jewish name: Saul. - Completed education in Tarsus, then went to Jerusalem where he studied under Gamaliel, one of the best Pharisees. - Learned OT Greek literature, and philosophy. - Favored among the Jews, was a Pharisee. - Persecuted Christians: "Saul ravaged the Church, entering houses, dragging men and women and committing them to prison" (Acts 8:3).

What did Jesus do (The Great Commission)?

- Gave authority to his apostles. - Gave them the mission of making disciples.

What was Jesus doing when he said his parting words? (The Ascension)

- He drew a road map for his Apostles. - David's Kingdom: Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria. - Gentiles: "Ends of the Earth" (he's a savior for everyone).

What happened on the day of Pentecost?

- The Holy Spirit came upon the Apostles and disciples. - Pentecost is when the public ministry of the Church began. - Peter told the crowd at Pentecost to Repent and be Baptized. - 3,000 people were baptized that day.