Theology I-Word of God (Myers) Study Guide: Final Exam By: Collin Christ

Solomon's Temple

also known as the First Temple, was the Holy Temple in ancient Jerusalem, on the Temple Mount (also known as Mount Zion), before its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar II after the Siege of Jerusalem of 587 BC.

Conscience

an inner feeling or voice viewed as acting as a guide to the rightness or wrongness of one's behavior

form criticism

analysis of the Bible by tracing the history of its content of parables, psalms, and other literary forms.

O Antiphons

are Magnificat antiphons used at Vespers of the last seven days of Advent in Western Christian traditions. They are also used as the alleluia verses on the same days in the Catholic Mass.

Gospels

are a genre of Early Christian literature claiming to recount the life of Jesus, to preserve his teachings, or to reveal aspects of God's nature.

Samaritans

are adherents of Samaritanism, an Abrahamic religion closely related to Judaism. Samaritans believe that their worship, which is based on the _________ Pentateuch, is the true religion of the ancient Israelites from before the Babylonian Exile, preserved by those who remained in the Land of Israel, as opposed to Judaism, which they see as a related but altered and amended religion, brought back by those returning from the Babylonian exile.

First and Second Maccabees

are early Jewish writings detailing the history of the Jews in the first century BC. Both books are part of the canon of Scripture in the Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Coptic, and Russian Orthodox churches, but they are not recognized as canon by Protestants and Jews. The books outline the history of the Maccabees, Jewish leaders who led a rebellion of the Jews against the Seleucid Dynasty from 175 BC to 134 BC. The first book portrays the effort by the Jews to regain their cultural and religious independence from Antiochus IV Epiphanes after his desecration of the Jewish temple.

Orthodoxy

authorized or generally accepted theory, doctrine, or practice.

virtue

behavior showing high moral standards.

Atheism

belief that there is no God.

transcendent

beyond or above the range of normal or merely physical human experience.

Sacred Tradition

holy tradition is a theological term used in some Christian traditions, primarily in the Catholic, Anglican, Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox traditions, to refer to the fundamental basis of church authority.

Immanent

existing or operating within; inherent.

prehistory

he period of time before written records.

Sacred Scripture

holy writ, or holy books, are the texts which various religious traditions consider to be sacred, or central to their religious tradition.

burning bush

in the book of Exodus the bush located on Mount Horeb. According to the narrative, the bush was on fire, but was not consumed by the flames, hence the name.[1] In the biblical narrative, the burning bush is the location at which Moses was appointed by Yahweh (God) to lead the Israelites out of Egypt and into Canaan.

inerrant

incapable of being wrong.

protoevangelium

is God's statement to the Serpent in the Garden of Eden about how the Seed of the woman would crush the serpent's head:

Tradition

is a belief or behavior passed down within a group or society with symbolic meaning or special significance with origins in the past.

Judges

mentions twelve judges: Othniel, Ehud, Shamgar, Deborah, Gideon, Tola, Jair, Jephthah, Ibzan, Elon, Abdon, and Samson. The First Book of Samuel mentions Eli and Samuel, as well as Joel and Abiah (two sons of Samuel).

Jeremiah

name meaning "Yah Exalts", also called the "Weeping prophet", was one of the major prophets of the Hebrew Bible.

Zipporah

or Tzipora is mentioned in the Book of Exodus as the wife of Moses, and the daughter of Reuel/Jethro, the priest or prince of Midian and the spiritual founder and ancestor of the Druze.

We are born with Original sin and we choose to commit personal sin

original vs personal sin

venerate

regard with great respect; revere.

Spiritual senses of Scripture

that we should use to read and interpret the Bible: the literal sense, the allegorical sense, the moral sense, and the anagogical sense.

the Divided Monarchy

the United Monarchy split into two kingdoms with the defection of the ten northern tribes under the leadership of Jeroboam I.

apostasy

the abandonment or renunciation of a religious or political belief.

source criticism

the analysis and study of the sources used by biblical authors.

Advent

the arrival of a notable person, thing, or event. the first season of the Christian church year, leading up to Christmas and including the four preceding Sundays.

deposit of faith

the body of revealed truth in the Scriptures and tradition proposed by the Roman Catholic Church for the belief of the faithful.

monotheism

the doctrine or belief that there is only one God.

Genesis

the first book of the Hebrew Bible (the Tanakh) and the Christian Old Testament.

Numbers

the fourth book of the Hebrew Bible, and the fourth of five books of the Jewish Torah.

patriarch

the male head of a family or tribe.

Lectio Divina

(Latin for "Divine Reading") is a traditional Benedictine practice of scriptural reading, meditation and prayer intended to promote communion with God and to increase the knowledge of God's Word. It does not treat Scripture as texts to be studied, but as the Living Word.

apostolic succession

(in Christian thought) the uninterrupted transmission of spiritual authority from the Apostles through successive popes and bishops, taught by the Roman Catholic Church but denied by most Protestants.

The Promised Land

(in the Bible) the land of Canaan, which was promised to Abraham and his descendants (Gen. 12:7).

YHWH

A name of the Hebrew God, represented in Hebrew by the tetragrammaton ("four letters")

Red Sea crossing

According to the Exodus account, Moses held out his staff and the __________ was parted by God.

Original Holiness

Adam and Eve shared in God's own life through sanctifying grace, so they were adopted children of God

is the period in Jewish history during which a number of Judahites of the ancient Kingdom of Judah were captives in Babylonia. After the Battle of Carchemish in 605 BCE, Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, besieged Jerusalem, resulting in tribute being paid by King Jehoiakim.[1] Jehoiakim refused to pay tribute in Nebuchadnezzar's fourth year, which led to another siege in Nebuchadnezzar's seventh year, culminating with the death of Jehoiakim and the exile of King Jeconiah, his court and many others; Jeconiah's successor Zedekiah and others were exiled in Nebuchadnezzar's eighteenth year; a later deportation occurred in Nebuchadnezzar's twenty-third year.

Babylonian Exile: how did it come about, what did the prophets do during it, what did the Israelites do during it?

polytheism

Belief in many gods

God's four promises to Abraham

God gave him a command and an amazing promise. The command was "Get out of your country, from your family and from your father's house, to a land that I will show you" (Genesis 12:1).Explaining the promise He would give Abraham in exchange for his obedience, God continued: "I will make you a great nation; I will bless you and make your name great; and you shall be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you, and I will curse him who curses you; and in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed" (verses 2-3).

the Luminous mysteries

THE BAPTISM OF THE LORD THE WEDDING OF CANA THE PROCLAMATION OF THE KINGDOM THE TRANSFIGURATION THE INSTITUTION OF THE EUCHARIST

Psalms

Tehillim in Hebrew, commonly referred to simply as Psalms or "the Psalms", is the first book of the Ketuvim, the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament.

the rosary

The Apostles' Creed, The Lord's Prayer at the first large bead, Three Hail Mary on the next three beads (for faith, hope and charity), The Glory Be to the Father on the next large bead.

5 ways to the existence of God

The First Way: Argument from Motion, The Second Way: Argument from Efficient Causes, The Third Way: Argument from Possibility and Necessity (Reductio argument) The Fourth Way: Argument from Gradation of Being and The Fifth Way: Argument from Design

didache

The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles is a brief early Christian treatise, dated by most scholars to the mid to late first century

analogy of faith

The rule of faith or analogy of faith is a phrase rooted in the Apostle Paul's admonition to the Christians in Rome in the Epistle to the Romans 12:6, which says, "We have different gifts, according to the grace given us.

JEDP

This theory is called the Documentary theory or the_______ hypothesis, and the four authors (or groups of authors) are identified as the Yahwist (J), the Elohist (E), the Deuteronomist (D), and the Priestly (P).

Torah

Torah, or the Pentateuch, is the central reference of the religious Judaic tradition. It has a range of meanings.

faith and reason

Traditionally, faith and reason have each been considered to be sources of justification for religious belief. Because both can purportedly serve this same epistemic function, it has been a matter of much interest to philosophers and theologians how the two are related and thus how the rational agent should treat claims derived from either source.

Prophetic Books

Twelve Prophets occasionally Book of the Twelve, is the last book of the Nevi'im, the second main division of the Jewish Tanakh. The collection is broken up to form twelve individual books in the Christian Old Testament, one for each of the prophets.

God promises David a throne

What does God promise David?

when are made in the image and likeness of God we are different and we are how God made us.

What does it mean to be made in the image and likeness of God?

When people refer to the "lost tribes of Israel," they usually have in mind the ten tribes of the Northern Kingdom that fell to Assyria about 722 BC. These tribes are Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, and Joseph (whose tribe was divided into the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh). Most of the people of the Northern Kingdom were deported to ancient Assyria (2 Kings 17:6). Many of the Jews who remained in the land intermarried with people from Cutha, Ava, Hamath, and Sepharvaim who had been sent by the Assyrian king to inhabit Samaria (2 Kings 17:24; Ezra 4:2-11). Thus, the story goes, the ten northern tribes of Israel were "lost" to history and either wiped out or assimilated into other people groups. This narrative, however, is based on inference and assumption rather than on direct biblical teaching.

What happened to the 10 lost tribes of Israel?

When his brothers stay faithful to his word and then he brings them in and gives them a place to stay and food and tells them who he is and forgives his brother for selling him into slavery

When does Joseph model forgiveness?

prayer for the dead

Wherever there is a belief in the continued existence of human personality through and after death, religion naturally concerns itself with the relations between the living and the dead. And where the idea of a future judgment or a Resurrection of the Dead or of Purgatory obtains, prayers are often offered on behalf of the dead to God.

taken from the Book of Isaiah, is the last of the four Songs of the Suffering Servant, and tells the story of a "Man of Sorrows" or "God's Suffering Servant".

Who is the suffering servant of Isaiah?

Because they want someone who they can relate to and that they can visualize

Why does Israel want a king?

tabernacle

according to the Hebrew Bible, was the portable dwelling place for the divine presence from the time of the Exodus from Egypt through the conquering of the land of Canaan.

covenants

agree, especially by lease, deed, or other legal contract

Solomon

also called Jedidiah, was, according to the Bible, Qur'an, and Hidden Words a king of Israel and a son of David. The conventional dates of Solomon's reign are circa 970 to 931 BC.

redaction criticism

also called Redaktionsgeschichte, Kompositionsgeschichte or Redaktionstheologie, is a critical method for the study of biblical texts.

original sin

also called ancestral sin, is the Christian doctrine of humanity's state of sin resulting from the fall of man, namely the sin of consuming from the tree of knowledge of good and evil, stemming from Adam's rebellion in Eden.

ark of the covenant

also known as the Ark of the Testimony, was a wooden chest clad with gold containing the two stone tablets of the Ten Commandments as well as, according to various texts within the Hebrew Bible, Aaron's rod and a pot of manna.

10 Commandments

also known as the Decalogue, are a set of commandments which the Bible describes as having been given to the Israelites by God at biblical Mount Sinai. The Ten Commandments are listed twice in the Hebrew Bible, first at Exodus 20:1-17, and then at Deuteronomy 5:4-21.

canon of Scripture

A biblical canon, or canon of scripture, is a list of texts which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture

Church Fathers

, (within two generations of the Twelve Apostles of Christ) are usually called the Apostolic Fathers since tradition describes them as having been taught by the twelve. Important Apostolic Fathers include Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch and Polycarp of Smyrna.

Bathsheba

- According to the Hebrew Bible, "Bat Sheva," more commonly known by the anglicized name_____ was the wife of Uriah the Hittite and later of David, king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah

historical criticism

- Historical criticism, also known as the historical-critical method or higher criticism, is a branch of literary criticism that investigates the origins of ancient text in order to understand "the world behind the text".

birth of Isaac

- Isaac as described in the Hebrew Bible and the Qur'an, was the second son of Abraham, the only son Abraham had with his wife Sarah, and the father of Jacob and Esau.

2 parts of the Bible

- The Christian Bible has two sections, the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is the original Hebrew Bible, the sacred scriptures of the Jewish faith, written at different times between about 1200 and 165 BC. The New Testament books were written by Christians in the first century

Catholic

- a part of the roman church and believes in God

Dogma

- is a principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true. It serves as part of the primary basis of an ideology or belief system, and it cannot be changed or discarded without affecting the very system's paradigm, or the ideology itself.

Genealog

- known as family history, is the study of families and the tracing of their lineages and history.

Ezekiel

- meaning "May God strengthen him", "God will strengthen" is the central protagonist of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible. In Judaism, Christianity, Islam and the Bahá'í Faith, Ezekiel is acknowledged as a Hebrew prophet.

Concupiscence

- strong sexual desire; lust.

number of books in NT

29 Books

number of books in OT

39 Books

The Bible tells the story of God's plan to save human beings from sin and bring them to eternal life. The history of that saving plan as told through the Scriptures is called salvation history. Some people divide the Bible's account of salvation history into eight major periods. Here is a brief description of those periods

Describe the pattern of interaction between God and human beings in salvation history.

liturgy of the hours

Divine Office or Work of God or canonical hours, often referred to as the Breviary, is the official set of prayers "marking the hours of each day and sanctifying the day with prayer".

God has revealed Himself to us in two ways: through general revelation and specific or special revelation. General Revelation. General revelation refers to the fact that God has revealed Himself to us in a general way. He has revealed Himself through the creation of the world and universe (Psalm 19:1). They declare that God must exist. Otherwise, how did something come from nothing and become arranged as it is?

How does God reveal himself?

cycle of apostasy

Israel serves the lord Israel falls into idolatry Israel is enslaved Israel cries out to the lord God raises up a Judge and Israel is delivered

literal sense

It maintains a consistent meaning regardless of the context, with the intended meaning corresponding exactly to the meaning of the individual words. Figurative use of language is the use of words or phrases that implies a non-literal meaning which does make sense or that could [also] be true.

Israel

Jacob's name is changed to

the Exile

Jews began to return to the land of Judah. According to the biblical book of Ezra, construction of a second temple in Jerusalem began at this time.

Mount Sinai

Mount Sinai, also known as Mount Horeb, is a mountain in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt that is a possible location of the biblical Mount Sinai. The latter is mentioned many times in the Book of Exodus and other books of the Bible, and the Quran

was known for his wisdom, his wealth and his writings. He became ruler in approximately 967 B.C.E. and his kingdom extended from the Euphrates River in the north to Egypt in the south. His crowning achievement was the building of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem. Almost all knowledge of him is derived from the biblical books of Kings I and Chronicles II.

Why is Solomon famous?

If it can be established that the Gospels were written early, say before the year A.D. 70, then we would have good reason for believing that they were written by the disciples of Jesus Himself. If they were written by the disciples, then their reliability, authenticity, and accuracy are better substantiated. Also, if they were written early, this would mean that there would not have been enough time for myth to creep into the Gospel accounts since it was the eyewitnesses to Christ's life that wrote them.

Why were the Gospels written down?

Emmanuel

a Hebrew name which appears in chapters 7 and 8 of the Book of Isaiah as part of a prophecy of God's protection from rival kings during the life of Jeshurun

Hanukkah

a Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Holy Temple (the Second Temple)

ecumenical council

a conference of ecclesiastical dignitaries and theological experts convened to discuss and settle matters of Church doctrine and practice in which those entitled to vote

Hope

a feeling of expectation and desire for a certain thing to happen

liturgy

a form or formulary according to which public religious worship, especially Christian worship, is conducted.

the Exodus

a mass departure of people, especially emigrants.

prophet

a person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God.

Incarnation

a person who embodies in the flesh a deity, spirit, or abstract quality.

Elisha

a prophet and a wonder-worker mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament, the Quran, the Ginza Rba and Bahá'í writings.

First and Second Books of Samuel

a series of books (Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings) in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament that constitute a theological history of the Israelites which explains God's law for Israel under the guidance of the prophets.According to Jewish tradition the book was written by Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan; modern scholarly thinking is that the entire history (called the Deuteronomistic history) was composed in the period c.630-540 BCE by combining a number of independent texts of various ages.

parable

a simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson, as told by Jesus in the Gospels.

allegory

a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.

vocation

a strong feeling of suitability for a particular career or occupation.

creed

a system of Christian or other religious belief; a faith

theophany

a visible manifestation to humankind of God or a god.

Epistles

a writing directed or sent to a person or group of people, usually an elegant and formal didactic letter. The epistle genre of letter-writing was common in ancient Egypt as part of the scribal-school writing curriculum.

Kingdom of Israel

according to the Bible, one of two successor states to the former United Monarchy. It existed roughly from the 930s BCE until about the 720s BCE, when the kingdom was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire.

books in the Pentateuch

comes from a Greek term meaning "the five (penta) books." includes the first five books of the Bible—Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. These books are often called "the Law," but in addition to legal materials they include poems, songs, and epic narratives about the people of God. The Hebrew term used for these books is "Torah," which means "instruction." These books have sometimes been called the five books of Moses, although most modern scholars think that the ______ includes materials that were written down by various people over a period of centuries.tells a story that extends from the Creation (Genesis 1) to the time when the people of Israel are encamped on the edge of the promised land (Deuteronomy 34).

Exegesis

critical explanation or interpretation of a text, especially of scripture.

types of Biblical criticism

discipline that studies textual, compositional, and historical questions surrounding the Old and New Testaments. Biblical criticism lays the groundwork for meaningful interpretation of the Bible.

literary genres

is a category of literary composition. Genres may be determined by literary technique, tone, content, or even (as in the case of fiction) length. The distinctions between genres and categories are flexible and loosely defined, often with subgroups.

Joshua

is a figure in the Torah, being one of the spies for Israel and identified in several passages as Moses' assistant. He is the central figure in the Hebrew Bible's Book of Joshua.

Nathan

is a person in the Hebrew Bible. His actions are described in the Books of Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles (especially 2 Samuel 7:2-17, 12:1-25).

Moses

is a prophet in Abrahamic religions. According to the Hebrew Bible, he was a former Egyptian prince who later in life became a religious leader and lawgiver, to whom the authorship of the Torah is traditionally attributed.

miracle story

is an event not explicable by natural or scientific laws. Such an event may be attributed to a supernatural being (god or gods), magic, worker, a saint or a religious leader

Joseph

is an important person in the Hebrew Bible: his life connects the narrative of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in Canaan to the subsequent narrative of the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt.was the 11th of Jacob's 12 sons and Rachel's firstborn,[3] and tells how Joseph came to be sold into slavery by his jealous brothers, and rose to become vizier: the second most powerful man in Egypt next to Pharaoh

themes in the wisdom literature

is ancient in the Near East. It probably entered Israel first during Solomon's rule. This was age of enlightenment, broadening of international perspective, stabilizing of the state. Ark of state craft was needed. The amphictyony could not provide the needed bureaucratic structure; Solomon turned to Egypt to learn state craft.

scientism

is belief in the universal applicability of the scientific method and approach, and the view that empirical science constitutes the most "authoritative" worldview or the most valuable part of human learning - to the exclusion of other viewpoints.

primeval history

is the Biblical narrative in the first eleven chapters of the first book, Genesis, covering from the beginning of creation up to the birth of Abraham, and is followed by the Patriarchal age.

magisterium

is the authority to lay down what is the authentic teaching of the Church. For the Catholic Church, that authority is vested uniquely in the pope and the bishops who are in communion with him.

Pentateuch

is the central reference of the religious Judaic tradition. It has a range of meanings. has 5 books

Deuteronomy

is the fifth book of the Hebrew Bible, and of the Jewish Torah.

Egypt

is the land of the Nile and the pyramids. . It holds a place of great significance in Scripture.

suffering servant

is the nation of Israel itself, not The Messiah = Jewish viewpoint #1".

divine revelation

is the revealing or disclosing of some form of truth or knowledge through communication with a deity or other supernatural entity or entities.

Proverbs

is the second book of the third section of the Hebrew Bible and a book of the Christian Old Testament.

Judges

is the seventh book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Bible. Its title describes its contents: it contains the history of Biblical judges, divinely inspired leaders whose direct knowledge of Yahweh allows them to act as champions for the Israelites from oppression by foreign rulers, and models of wise and faithful behaviour required of them by their God Yahweh following the exodus from Egypt and the conquest of Canaan

Samuel

literally meaning "Name of God" in Hebrew, is a leader of ancient Israel in the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. He is also known as a prophet and is mentioned in the second chapter of the Qur'an, although not by name.

Kingdom of Judah

resulted from the break-up of the United kingdom of Israel (1020 to about 930 BCE) after the northern tribes refused to accept Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, as their king. At first, only the tribe of Judah remained loyal to the house of David, but soon after the tribe of Benjamin joined Judah. The two kingdoms, Judah in the south and Israel in the north, co-existed uneasily after the split, until the destruction of Israel by the Assyrians in c.722/721 left Judah as the sole remaining kingdom.

sacrifice of Isaac

s a story from the Hebrew Bible in which God asks Abraham to sacrifice his son, Isaac, on Mount Moriah. The account states that Abraham "bound Isaac, his son" before placing him on the altar.

Septuagint

s a translation of the Hebrew Bible and some related texts into Koine Greek. As the primary Greek translation of the Old Testament, it is also called the Greek Old Testament.

Exodus

second book of the Hebrew Torah and the Christian Bible migration of the ancient Israelites from Egypt into Canaan

Salvation History

seeks to understand the personal redemptive activity of God within human history to effect his eternal saving intentions.

manna

sometimes or archaically spelled mana, is an edible substance that, according to the Bible and the Quran, God provided for the Israelites during their travels in the desert.

Wisdom/Poetry Books

spanned from the time of Abraham through the end of the Old Testament period. Possibly the oldest of the books, Job is of unknown authorship. The Psalms have many different writers, King David being the most notable and others remaining anonymous. Proverbs, Ecclesiastes and Song of Songs are primarily attributed to Solomon.

Crossing of the Jordan River

the priests carrying the ark of the covenant went ahead of them. 15 Now the Jordan is at flood stage all during harvest. Yet as soon as the priests who carried the ark reached the Jordan and their feet touched the water's edge, 16 the water from upstream stopped flowing. It piled up in a heap a great distance away, at a town called Adam in the vicinity of Zarethan, while the water flowing down to the Sea of the Arabah (that is, the Dead Sea) was completely cut off. So the people crossed over opposite Jericho. 17 The priests who carried the ark of the covenant of the LORD stopped in the middle of the Jordan and stood on dry ground, while all Israel passed by until the whole nation had completed the crossing on dry ground.

Inspiration

the process of being mentally stimulated to do or feel something, especially to do something creative

prudence

the quality of being prudent; cautiousness.

Contrition

the state of feeling remorseful and penitent

Aaron

the traditional founder and head of the Israelite priesthood, who, with his brother Moses, led the Israelites out of Egypt. The figure of Aaron as it is now found in the Pentateuch, the first five books of the Bible, is built up from several sources of traditions.he is seen as the leading personality at the side of Moses. He has appeared in different roles in Christian tradition

Historical Books

these twelve books tell about the conquering and possession of Canaan, the reigns of the judges, the establishment of kings, the division of Israel into the northern and Southern Kingdoms, the fall of the Northern Kingdom to Assyria, the exile of the Southern Kingdom into Babylon, and the return to Jerusalem under the leadership of men like Nehemiah and Ezra.

purpose of a human being

to follow Gods rules and the life God chooses for you

Apocalyptic Book

used a symbolic or allegorical language to convey the message about the imminent End...Christian apocalypses are thoroughly frightening for the sadistic punishments inflicted on the inhabitants of hell, for the inventions of extreme torture and dismemberment. The descriptions of Heaven are scarcely less awesome, with pictures of angel servants in the Heavens, singing eternal hymns of praise to a bejeweled Lord whose face is too bright to be perceived."

rosary

usually in the form of the Dominican rosary, is a form of prayer used especially in the Catholic Church named for the string of prayer beads used to count the component prayers.

St. Jerome

was a Catholic priest, confessor, theologian and historian, who also became a Doctor of the Church.

Saint Augustine

was a philosopher and theologian who had a profound effect on both Protestant and Catholic theology.

Elijah

was a prophet and a wonder-worker in the northern kingdom of Israel during the reign of Ahab, according to the biblical Books of Kings.

golden calf

was an idol (a cult image) made by the Israelites during Moses' absence, when he went up to Mount Sinai.

Saint Thomas Aquinas

was an immensely influential philosopher, theologian and jurist in the tradition of scholasticism, within which he is also known as the "Doctor Angelicus" and "Doctor Communis"

Jericho

was the first battle of the Israelites in their conquest of Canaan. the walls of Jericho fell after Joshua's Israelite army marched around the city blowing their trumpets. Excavations at Tell es-Sultan, the biblical Jericho, have failed to produce data to substantiate the biblical story, and scholars are virtually unanimous that the Book of Joshua holds little of historical value.

Saul

was the first king of a united Kingdom of Israel and Judah. His reign, traditionally placed in the late 11th century BCE, would have marked a switch from a tribal society to statehood.

Rahab

was, according to the Book of Joshua, a prostitute who lived in Jericho in the Promised Land and assisted the Israelites in capturing the city

David

was, according to the Books of Samuel, the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel, and according to the New Testament, an ancestor of Jesus. His life is conventionally dated to c. 1040 - 970 BCE, his reign over Judah c. 1010-970 BCE.

Image and likeness and human dignity

we are made to follow Gods rule and live the life he made for us and that we do not make a fool of our self

10 plagues

were ten calamities that, according to the biblical Book of Exodus, the God of Israel inflicted upon Egypt to persuade the Pharaoh to release the ill-treated Israelites from slavery.

Maccabean revolt (?)

were the leaders of a Jewish rebel army that took control of Judea, which at the time had been a province of the Seleucid Empire. They founded the Hasmonean dynasty, which ruled from 164 BCE to 63 BCE. They reasserted the Jewish religion, partly by forced conversion, expanded the boundaries of Judea by conquest and reduced the influence of Hellenism and Hellenistic Judaism.