Ther Ex Ch. 6

stretch stimulus

placing of body segments in positions that lengthen the muscles that will contract during the diagonal movement pattern

exercise order

Sequence in which muscle groups are exercised during a session *Warm-Up *Large muscle groups before Small *Multi-Joint muscles before Single Joint *Higher Intensity before Lower Intensity *Cool Down

Alignment of the body

The optimum placement of and balance between joints in order to allow the body to move with ease and efficiency, removing unnecessary muscular tension and effort.

cane be implemented by use of an isokinetic dynamometer that controls the velocity by adjusting the external resistance to meet the internal effort during exercise.

accommodating resistance

internal stabilization

achieved by an isometric contraction of an adjacent muscle group that does not enter into the movement pattern but holds the body segment of the proximal attachment of the muscle being strengthened firmly in place

specificity of training

adaptive affects of training such as improvement of strength, power, & endurance are specific to the training method used

transfer of training

carryover effects from one variation of exercise or task to another

substitute motions

compensatory movement patterns caused by muscle actions of a stronger adjacent agonist or a muscle group that normally serves as a stabilizer

a ___________ load can be imposed through mechanical resistance such as free weights or weight machines

constant or variable

Late adulthood muscle summary

declines at a rate of 15 to 20% per decade during 6th and 7th decade, then 30% each decade after

slow reversal

dynamic concentric contraction of a stronger agonist pattern immediately followed by dynamic concentric contraction of the weaker antagonist contraction.

greatest tension-producing contraction

eccentric

the systematic practice of using muscle force to raise, lower, or control a light external load for many reps over an extended period of time.

endurance training

integration of exercises into functional activities

exercises that approximate or replicate functional demands

Stretch reflex

facilitates contraction of a muscle being stretched

approximation

gentle compression of joint surfaces via manual or weight bearing during the movement patterns to stimulate co-contraction of agonist and antagonist to enhance dynamic stability and postural control via joint and muscle mechanoreceptors.

repetition maximum

greatest amount of weight a muscle can move through the ROM a set number of times before fatiguing

Manual contacts

how and where the therapist's hands are placed on the patient

intensity

how much external resistance is imposed on the muscle

overload principle focuses on progressively loading a muscle by manipulating factors such as ________ of exercise

intensity or volume

broad methods by which external resistance can be applied

manual and mechanical

the strength and speed of movement and is defined as the work produced by a muscle per unit of time.

muscle power

young and middle adulthood muscle summary

peaks in women between 16 and 20 yrs (men 18 and 25 yrs); 40% of body weight; declines between 8 and 10% per decade through 5th or 6th decade

adolescence muscle summary

rapid acceleration in size and mass; increases more than 30% per year.

volume

referring to variables such as, reps, sets, or frequency

the 2 broad categories of exercise

static and dynamic muscle contractions

the systematic practice of using muscle force to raise, lower, or control heavy external loads for a relatively low number of repetitions or over a short period of time.

strength training

3 elements of muscle performance

strength, power, endurance

With adequate ______, the contractile tissue generates enough force to meet the physical and functional demands placed on the system

strenth

stabilization

structural strength of joints to prevent substitute motions

muscle endurance

the ability for a muscle to contract repeatedly against an external load, generate and sustain tension and resist fatigue over an extended period of time.

Cardiopulmonary fatigue

the diminished response of an individual as the result of prolonged physical activity; related to the body's ability to use oxygen efficiently

muscle fatigue

the diminished response of muscle to a repeated stimulus; an acute physiological response to exercise

Muscle strength

the extent that the contractile elements of a muscle produce force.

Threshold for fatigue

the level of exercise that cannot be sustain indefinitely

frequency

the number of exercise sessions per day/week

velocity

the rate at which each exercise is performed

rest interval

the time allotted for recuperation between sets & sessions of exercise

mode

the type of muscle contraction, type of resistance, arc of movement used, and primary energy system utilized during exercise.

periodization

the variation of intensity and volume during specific periods of resistance training

Specific adaptation to imposed demands (SAID) principle

to improve a specific muscle performance element, the resistance program should be matched to that elements constructs

duration

total time committed to a resistance training program

Reversibility Principle

use it or lose it

normal timing

used to improve coordination of all components of a task. performed distal to proximal sequence.

Rhythmic Initiation

used to promote the ability for a patient to initiate a correct movement pattern as well at the rate of the sequence

slow reversal hold

using slow reversal with the addition of an isometric contraction that is performed at the end of each movement in order to gain stability.

Cardiopulmonary endurance

walking, cycling, or swimming

use of RM

- identify initial exercise load - to document a baseline of the dynamic strength of a muscle (group)

indications for low intensity exercise

- in early stages of soft tissue healing - after prolonged immobilization - when pt is learning exercise - goal is to improve endurance - to warm up or cool down

indications for high intensity exercise

- when goal is to increase strength - pt in late stages of rehab and returning to high demand of work/rec activities - as part of a conditioning program

time allotted for rest in between exercises same day

2-3 minutes

Early childhood muscle summary

25% of body weight; increases linearly throughout stage

for healthy but untrained adults, a typical training zone falls between _______________ of the baseline 1-RM

40% and 70%

time allotted for for recovery of specific muscle group in between sessions

48 hours

external stabilization

Applied manually by technician or by patient using equipment, belts, or firm surface

the ability to perform repetitive or sustained activities over a prolonged period of time.

Endurance

overload principle

If muscle performance is to improve, the muscle must be challenged to perform at a level greater than that to which it is accustomed.

the amount of resistance applied during dynamic concentric muscle contractions is the greatest amount possible that still allows the patient to move smoothly and without pain through the available ROM

Maximal Resistance