Three theories of solar system test

women contributions to the enlightenment included...

urging women to enter male dominated fields, writing about the inequalities between men and women, and holding social gatherings called salons for influential people.

brilliant french satirist who frequently targeted the clergy, the aristocracy, and the government was...

voltaire

Isaac newton

English scientist who explained the law of gravity

what is the main difference between kepler's system and the copernican system?

Kepler believed the planets travelled in ovals around the sun while copernican believed they travelled in circles (round).

the document in which american colonists asserted their independence from great britain was the...

declaration of independence

french philosophe jean jacques rousseau believed that the best form of government would be a...

direct democracy.

Catherine the Great

enlightenment ruler of russia; seeks to abolish capital punishment and torture but effort fails, respond to peasant revolt by giving nobles more power over serfs.

a form of government in which power is divided between national and state governments is a...

federal system

Voltaire

french philosophe who promoted freedom of speech.

under the influence of the enlightenment, the grand, ornate style in european art known as baroque gave way to a simple, elegant style that was based on classical greek and roman ideas and was called...

neoclassical

The group of social critics in enlightenment france were called...

philosopes

Compare the way ptolemy provided proof for his theory with the way kepler provided proof for his theory.

ptolemy based his ideas on religion and philosophy which was the geocentric theory. Kepler beaded his ideas off mathematics which was the scientific revolution.

women contributions to the enlightenment included all of the following except...

running for office.

in social gatherings called _________, wealthy hostesses of paris helped spread the ideas of the enlightenment to educated europeans.

salons

Thomas hobbes called the agreement by which people create a government the...

social contract

the willingness of people to hand over their rights to a ruler in exchange for law and order in society was called the...

social contract

What object did Ptolemy claim was at the center of the universe?

the earth

what object is closest to the earth in all three systems?

the moon is closest to the earth in all three systems.

What object did Copernicus conclude was actually at the center of the universe?

the sun

according to ptolemy, where was the sun in relation to the earth and other planets?

the sun was the fourth most distant heavenly body. Only mars being more distant.

Heliocentric Theory

Copernicus' theory that the sun is the center of the universe

do you think ptolemy's proof of his beliefs would be acceptable today? Why or why not?

No because people today would only accept actual scientific evidence.

fredrick II

Persian king during enlightenment who reformed education and justice system; granted religious freedom and abolished torture and fails to end serfdom.

changes in literature during the enlightenment

Richardson and Fielding developed the features of the modern novel. It had lengthy works of prose fiction. It was popular with a wide middle class audience.

enlightened despots

18th century european monarchs who were inspired by enlightenment ideas to rile justly and respect the rights of subjects.

Geocentric Theory

Aristotle's earth-centered theory of the universe

the philosopher who believed that all people are born free and equal, with the rights to life, liberty, property was...

John Locke

How did galileos work come into conflict with the church, and how was that conflict resolved?

Galileos work came into conflict with the church because it frightened the churches leaders(catholic and protestant). It was resolved by forcing him to recant and they put him under house arrest for the rest of his life.

changes in music during the enlightenment

Haydn developed new forms of music (symphony and sonata). Mozart and Beethoven emphasized elegant and original works instead of drastic organ and choral work.

explain the differences between the geocentric theory of the universe and the heliocentric theory.

The differences are the geocentric theory is that the earth is the center of the universe and heliocentric theory is that the sun is the center of the universe.

What are two factors that contributed to the rise of a scientific revolution in europe in the mid-1500s?

The two factors is the age of european exploration and the invention of the printing press.

scientific method

a logical procedure for gathering and testing scientific theories.

Scientific Revolution

a new way of thinking about the natural world based on careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs.

an influential french writer who wrote that "power should be a check to power" was...

baron de montesquieu

the first ten amendments to the US constitution are known as the...

bill of rights

Mary Wollstonecraft

early proponent of women rights

John Locke

english philosopher who proposed that a governments power comes from the consent of the citizens and that citizens have the right to rebel against unjust rulers.

The new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of the individual to solve problems was...

enlightenment

Montesquieu

french writer who proposed the ideas of operation of powers and checks and balances in government.

neoclassical style

it emphasized order and reason. It was a simple and elegant style. It focused on the individual or humanistic concerns. More people could relate to the work of art.

Diderot's Encyclopedia

it helped spread enlightenment ideas that educated people all over europe.

Galileo Galilei

italian scientist whose findings in the field of astronomy supported copernicus theory.

What object is farthest from the center in all three solar systems?

mars was farthest from center in all three solar systems.

according to Copernicus, what planets are located between the sun and the earth?

mercury and venus were located between the sun and the earth.

list three scientific instruments that were invented as a result of the scientific revolution.

microscope, mercury barometer, and thermometer.