Toddlers (1-2)

A nurse is observing children in a playroom. Which of the following describes parallel play? Select one: a. A child racing cars with another child b. Two children watching a movie on a television c. A child playing with blocks next to a child playing with trucks d. Two children playing a card game

A child playing with blocks next to a child playing with trucks

The nurse is planning care for an 18 month-old child. Which of the following should be included the in the child's care? Hold and cuddle the child often Encourage the child to feed himself finger food Allow the child to walk independently on the nursing unit Engage the child in games with other children

Encourage the child to feed himself finger food According to Erikson, the toddler is in the stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt. The nurse should encourage increasingly independent activities of daily living.

The parents of a 2-year-old tell the nurse that they are concerned because the toddler has started to use "baby talk" since the arrival of their new baby. The nurse should recommend that the parents: a. Ignore the "baby talk." b. Explain to the toddler that "baby talk" is for babies. c. Tell the toddler frequently, "You are a big kid now." d. Encourage the toddler to practice more advanced patterns of speech.

Ignore the "baby talk." The baby talk is a sign of regression in the toddler. It should be ignored, while praising the child for developmentally appropriate behaviors. Regression is children's way of saying that they are expressing stress. The parents should not introduce new expectations and should allow the child to master the developmental tasks without criticism.

What describes a toddler's cognitive development at age 20 months? a. Searches for an object only if he or she sees it being hidden b. Realizes that "out of sight" is not out of reach c. Puts objects into a container but cannot take them out d. Understands the passage of time such as "justa minute" and "in an hour"

Realizes that "out of sight" is not out of reach At this age the child is in the final sensorimotor stage. Children will now search for an object in several potential places, even though they saw only the original hiding place. Children have a more developed sense of objective permanence. They will search for objects even if they have not seen them hidden. Putting an object in a container but being able to take it out indicates tertiary circular reactions. An embryonic sense of time exists, although the children may behave appropriately to time-oriented phrases; their sense of timing is exaggerated.

When recommending that a 13-month-old child visit a dentist the nurse explains that the visit may center around: Select one: a. Sitting in the chair b. Getting all of the child's teeth cleaned c. Receiving a topical fluoride treatment d. Getting only the bottom teeth cleaned

Sitting in the chair

A 17-month-old child would be expected to be in what stage according to Piaget? a. Trust b. Preoperations c. Secondary circular reaction d. Tertiary circular reaction

Tertiary circular reaction The 17-month-old is in the fifth stage of the sensorimotor phase: tertiary circular reactions. The child uses active experimentation to achieve previously unattainable goals. Trust is Erikson's first stage. Preoperations is the stage of cognitive development usually present in older toddlers and preschoolers. Secondary circular reactions last from about ages 4 to 8 months.

The parents of a 2-year-old arrive at a hospital to visit their child. The child is in the playroom when the parents arrive. When the parents enter the playroom, the child does not readily approach the parents. The nurse interprets this behavior as indicating that: The child is withdrawn The child is self-centered The child has adjusted to the hospitalized setting This is a normal pattern

This is a normal pattern The phases through which young children progress when separated from their parents include protest, despair, and denial or detachment. In the stage of protest, when the parents return, the child readily goes to them. In the stage of despair, the child may not approach them readily or may cling to a parent. In denial or detachment, when the parents return, the child becomes cheerful, interested in the environment and new persons (seemingly unaware of the lost parents), friendly with the staff, and interested in developing superficial relationships.

A parent of an 18-month-old boy tells the nurse that he says "no" to everything and has rapid mood swings. If he is scolded, he shows anger and then immediately wants to be held. The nurse's best interpretation of this behavior is that: a. This is normal behavior for his age .b. This is unusual behavior for his age. c. He is not effectively coping with stress. d. He is showing he needs more attention.

This is normal behavior for his age. Toddlers use distinct behaviors in the quest for autonomy. They express their will with continued negativity and the use of the word "no." Children at this age also have rapid mood swings. The nurse should reassure the parents that their child is engaged in expected behavior for an 18-month-old.

Which age group has the greatest potential to demonstrate regression when they are sick? Adolescent Young Adult Toddler Infant

Toddler

A nurse is evaluating the developmental level of a 2-year-old. Which of the following does the nurse expect to observe in this child? A) Uses a fork to eat B) Uses a cup to drink C) Uses a knife for cutting food D) Pours own milk into a cup

Use a cup to drink By age 2 years, the child can use a cup and can use a spoon correctly but with some spilling. By ages 3 to 4, the child begins to use a fork. By the end of the preschool period, the child should be able to pour milk into a cup and begin to use a knife for cutting.

A nurse is evaluating the developmental level of a 2-year-old. Which of the following does the nurse expect to observe in this child? Uses a fork to eat Uses a cup to drink Uses a knife for cutting food Pours own milk into a cup

Uses a cup to drink By age 2 years, the child can use a cup and can use a spoon correctly but with some spilling. By ages 3 to 4, the child begins to use a fork. By the end of the preschool period, the child should be able to pour milk into a cup and begin to use a knife for cutting.

Which characteristic best describes the gross motor skills of a 24-month-old child? a. Skips b. Rides tricycle c. Broad jumps d. Walks up and down stairs

Walks up and down stairs The 24-month-old child can go up and down stairs alone with two feet on each step. Skipping and the ability to broad jump are skills acquired at age 3. Tricycle riding is achieved at age 4.

Which statement is correct about toilet training? a. Bladder training is usually accomplished before bowel training. b. Wanting to please the parent helps motivate the child to use the toilet. c. Watching older siblings use the toiletconfuses the child. d. Children must be forced to sit on the toiletwhen first learning.

Wanting to please the parent helps motivate the child to use the toilet. Voluntary control of the anal and urethral sphincters is achieved sometime after the child is walking. The child must be able to recognize the urge to let go and to hold on. The child must want to please the parent by holding on rather than pleasing self by letting go. Bowel training precedes bladder training. Watching older siblings provides role modeling and facilitates imitation for the toddler. The child should be introduced to the potty chair or toilet in a nonthreatening manner.

When reviewing Erikson's stages of development the nurse remembers that the stage for children ages 1 to 3 years is: a. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt b. Initiative vs Guilt c. Trust vs Mistrust d. Industry vs Inferiority

a. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

While admitting a toddler to the pediatric unit the nurse asks the parents if there are any rituals important to the child because the nurse recognizes for toddlers rituals: Select one: a. Allow toddlers to develop a sense of initiative b. Provide a sense of comfort c. Are important for a sense of trust d. Disrupts the hospital schedule

b. Provide a sense of comfort

When talking with parents of a 2 1/2 year-old child what nutritional information should the nurse include? a. Dairy and meat should only be eaten twice/day b. Preschoolers need approximately 2200 calories/day c. Preschoolers will self-regulate their caloric intake. d. Fruit juice is a healthy alternative to milk if the child does not like milk

c. Preschoolers will self-regulate their caloric intake.

A father tells the nurse that his daughter wants the same plate and cup used at every meal, even if they go to a restaurant. The nurse explains that this is an example of: a. The child's attempt to exert unhealthy control b. A sign the child is spoiled c. Ritualism, an expected behavior at this age d. Regression, which is common at this age

c. Ritualism, an expected behavior at this age