Topic 3- EAQ

Which instrument used by the nurse requires surface disinfection?

Blood pressure cuff

A patient who had a hysterectomy 10 days ago has come for a follow-up visit. The patient is experiencing pain and itching at the incision site. The nurse suspects a wound infection and performs an assessment for confirmation. When assessing this patient, what actions should the nurse perform to reduce the spread of infection? Select all that apply.

Call for a senior nurse. Wait for the laboratory results. *Perform hand-hygiene practices. *Use gloves when assessing the wound. *Use appropriate, personal protective equipment.

what causes candidiasis, pneumonia, and sepsis. Plasmodium falciparum causes malaria.

Candida albicans

The nurse is assessing a patient who complains of sore throat, fever, and productive cough. The nurse needs to assess for lymph node enlargement. In which area should the nurse palpate?

Cervical

A hospital employee fails to properly dispose of a syringe used on a patient and subsequently sustains a needle-stick injury. The nurse in the emergency department assesses the hospital employee knowing that the employee is at risk for contracting numerous illnesses from the needle-stick injury. Which types of infections could result from this incident? Select all that apply.

Hepatitis A *Hepatitis B *Hepatitis C *HIV Tuberculosis

Which disease can be transmitted when a nurse is drawing blood from a patient with an infection?

Hepatitis B virus

What would a nurse use for a high-level disinfection?

Hydrogen peroxide

The nurse is learning about various modes of infection transmission. What are the sources for vehicle transmission of infection? Select all that apply.

IV fluid food water

A patient reporting sore throat and pain while swallowing arrives at the hospital. The laboratory reports revealed the presence of beta-hemolytic group A streptococcus. What would be the patient's stage of infection?

Illness stage

The nurse is assessing a group of patients in a health screening program. A patient has an abscess under the right arm. The nurse suspects the possibility of a systemic infection. What signs and symptoms may indicate a systemic infection? Select all that apply.

Increased appetite *Fatigue and malaise *Enlarged lymph nodes Increased blood pressure *Elevated body temperature

What would be the mode of transmission if a patient suspected of having tuberculosis is not isolated? Select all that apply.

Indirect Vectors *Droplet Vehicles *Airborne

A family member is providing care to a loved one who has an infected leg wound. What would you instruct the family member to do after providing care and handling contaminated equipment or organic material?

Perform hand hygiene after care and/or handling contaminated equipment or material.

A family member is providing care to a loved one who has an infected leg wound. What would you instruct the family member to do after providing care and handling contaminated equipment or organic material?

Perform hand hygiene before and after care and/or handling contaminated equipment or material.

The nurse is assessing a group of patients in a health screening program. A patient complains of itching and irritation under the right arm and the nurse suspects a localized infection. What assessments should be done on this patient? Select all that apply.

Examine for paleness of skin. *Palpate the area for tenderness. *Inquire about pain and tightness. *Inspect the area for redness and swelling. Inquire about gastrointestinal disturbances.

A patient reporting itching and tingling arrives at the hospital. The nurse suspects a herpes simplex infection and keeps the patient in an isolation room. What would be the patient's stage of infection?

Prodromal stage

During which stage is a patient capable of spreading a disease because microorganisms are growing and multiplying?

Prodromal stage

The nurse has redressed a patient's wound and now plans to administer a medication to the patient. Which is the correct infection control procedure?

Remove gloves and perform hand hygiene before administering the medication.

Your assigned patient has a leg ulcer that has a dressing on it. During your assessment you find that the dressing is saturated with purulent drainage. Which action would be best on your part?

Remove saturated dressing with gloves, remove gloves, then perform hand hygiene and apply new gloves before putting on a clean dressing.

Following a procedure in an isolation room, the nurse first removes eye protection and gloves, followed by removal of the mask, and then hand washing. The nurse then comes out of the isolation room and removes the gown. Which action was performed correctly?

Removing gown outside the isolation room

A patient admitted to the hospital for fever, diarrhea, and vomiting receives the lab reports. The neutrophils are 20%. The patient becomes worried and asks the nurse about it. What is the probable reason for a reduced neutrophil count?

Sepsis

Which of the following actions by the nurse comply with core principles of surgical asepsis? (Select all that apply.)

Set up sterile field before patient and other staff come to the operating suite. **Keep the sterile field in view at all times. ** Consider the outer 2.5 cm (1 inch) of the sterile field as contaminated. Only health care personnel within the sterile field must wear personal protective equipment. The sterile gown must be put on before the surgical scrub is performed.

What equipment is required for the preparation of a sterile field? Select all that apply.

Sterile drape Counter top surface

Which type of specimen is collected by using a sterile tongue blade?

Stool specimen

The nurse uses droplet precautions with a patient who is admitted to the infectious care unit. Which disease might a patient have?

Streptococcal pharyngitis

A 10-year-old patient with symptoms of a throat infection develops rheumatic fever. What could be the possible causative organism for the throat infection and rheumatic fever in this patient?

Streptococcus (beta-hemolytic group A)

Which nursing intervention requires surgical asepsis?

Suctioning the tracheobronchial airway

Which statement regarding health care-associated infections requires correction?

The costs of health care-associated infections are reimbursed.

Which statement is true regarding the illness stage of an infection?

The illness stage is the time interval when the patient has signs and symptoms specific to the infection type.

A nursing student performs hand hygiene. Which action made by the nursing student may allow the transfer of pathogens?

Using wet paper towels to turn off taps after washing

A patient is suspected of having malaria. Which mode of transmission spreads malaria?

Vector

The nurse is analyzing the laboratory results of a hospitalized patient. The nurse reads the differential count of white blood cells and makes a note that the eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes are within normal limits. The neutrophilic count, which should be between 55% and 70%, is increased to 90%. The lymphocytes, which should be between 20% and 40%, are increased to 60%. What does the increased count indicate? Select all that apply.

Viral infection Chronic bacterial infection Acute suppurative infection

A nurse cares for a patient who is diagnosed with tuberculosis. Which nursing interventions would be most appropriate to reduce the risk of transmission? Select all that apply.

Wearing an N95 respirator Wearing gloves while performing a physical examination of the patient

To which patients do standard precautions apply?

All patients receiving care

Which patients are at a low risk of disease transmission? Select all that apply.

A patient with pneumonia A patient with viral meningitis

Which questions posed by a nurse during an assessment indicate that the nurse is assessing existing possible infections? Select all that apply.

"Do you have a cough and if you do, is there any sputum?" "Do you have any pain or burning during urination?"

Which pieces of equipment in the health care facility are considered noncritical items that should be disinfected? Select all that apply.

*Linens Implants *Stethoscopes *Blood pressure cuffs Intravascular catheters

A patient's surgical wound has become swollen, red, and tender. You note that the patient has a new fever, purulent wound drainage, and leukocytosis. Which interventions would be appropriate and in what order? 1. Notify the health care provider of the patient's status. 2. Reassure the patient and recheck the wound later. 3. Support the patient's fluid and nutritional needs. 4. Use aseptic technique to change the dressing.

4, 2, 1, 3

What is an infective disease that can be transmitted directly from one person to another considered?

A communicable disease

What is the most effective way to control transmission of infection?

Hand hygiene practices Correct

A 65-year-old patient is undergoing treatment for chronic bronchitis and develops a health care-associated exogenous infection. What could be the reason for this condition?

Infection caused by Aspergillus

A patient has an indwelling urinary catheter. Why does an indwelling urinary catheter present a risk for urinary tract infection?

It obstructs the normal flushing action of urine flow.

Which action increases the risk of contamination while applying a sterile gown?

Lifting the gown upward and stepping forward near the table

Which microorganism exits through a man's urethral meatus during sexual contact?

Neisseria gonorrhea

Which task cannot be delegated to nursing assistive personnel?

Preparation of a sterile field

A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Which personal protection equipment (PPE) is most important to be worn whenever entering the patient's room?

Respirator

A patient is diagnosed with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia. Which type of isolation precaution is most appropriate for this patient?

Droplet precautions

what causes gastroenteritis in the colon

Escherichia coli

Which factor can alter the defense mechanism of sebum?

Excessive bathing

A patient is isolated for pulmonary tuberculosis. The nurse notes that the patient seems to be angry, but he knows that this is a normal response to isolation. Which is the best intervention?

Explain the reasons for isolation procedures and provide meaningful stimulation.

The nurse is dressing the surgical wound of a patient in the intensive care unit of a hospital. Which skill should the nurse develop to ensure full dexterity while using gloved hands after applying a sterile gown?

The nurse should wear gloves with fingers fully extended into them.

illness stage

The interval when a patient manifests signs and symptoms (such as a sore throat and pain while swallowing) that are specific to a type of infection

Chickenpox, scarlet fever, and tuberculosis can be transmitted through the air or droplet nuclei.

above the elbows

A patient is diagnosed with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia. Which type of isolation precaution is most appropriate for this patient?

droplet

A patient is suspected of having chickenpox. What are the modes of transmission of the organism that causes this infection? Select all that apply.

droplet airborne direct contact

Surgical asepsis

prevents contamination of an open wound and isolates an operative area from the unsterile environment.

In the home setting, what is the best method to sterilize a straight urinary catheter and suction tube?

use boiling water

A nurse cares for a patient with diarrhea. The nurse's hands become visibly soiled while cleaning the patient after a diarrheal episode. Which precaution should the nurse follow to disinfect his or her hands?

wash with soap and water

The nurse is caring for a 37-year-old male who had abdominal surgery 1 day ago. Upon examining the incision, the nurse notices a purulent exudate has formed around the incision site. Of what does a purulent exudate consist? Select all that apply.

*Bacteria *Neutrophils *Monocytes *White blood cells (WBCs) Red blood cells

A head nurse is teaching cough etiquette to staff members at the hospital. What should the nurse include in the instructions? Select all that apply.

*Cover the nose and mouth with a tissue when coughing. *Dispose of any contaminated tissue promptly. Maintain a distance of at least 2 feet from persons with respiratory infections. *Maintain a distance of greater than 3 feet from persons with respiratory infections. *Place a surgical mask on a patient if it does not compromise respiratory function.

Which type of personal protective equipment are staff required to wear when caring for a pediatric patient who is placed into airborne precautions for confirmed chicken pox/herpes zoster? (Select all that apply.)

*Disposable gown * N 95 respirator mask Face shield or goggles Surgical mask * Gloves

Which of these statements are true regarding disinfection and cleaning? (Select all that apply.)

*Proper cleaning requires mechanical removal of all soil from an object or area. * General environmental cleaning is an example of medical asepsis. When cleaning a wound, wipe around the wound edge first and then clean inward toward the center of the wound. *Cleaning in a direction from the least to the most contaminated area helps reduce infections. Disinfecting and sterilizing medical devices and equipment involve the same procedures.

A patient with a urinary tract infection is hospitalized due to severe discomfort. The primary health care provider advises the nurse to provide supportive therapy to the patient. Which actions of the nurse are included when providing supportive therapy? Select all that apply.

*Provide adequate rest *Provide adequate nutrition Maintain proper hand hygiene Monitor the patient's response to drug therapy Use standard precautions during therapy

The infection control nurse has asked the staff to work on reducing the number of iatrogenic infections on the unit. Which of the following actions on your part would contribute to reducing health care-acquired infections? (Select all that apply.)

*Teaching correct handwashing to assigned patients * Using correct procedures in starting and caring for an intravenous infusion * Providing perineal care to a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter Isolating a patient who has just been diagnosed as having tuberculosis Decreasing a patient's environmental stimuli to decrease nausea

A patient who has been isolated for Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) asks you to explain what he should know about this organism. What is the most appropriate information to include in patient teaching? (Select all that apply.)

*The organism is usually transmitted through the fecal-oral route. *Hands should always be cleaned with soap and water versus alcohol-based hand sanitizer. *Everyone coming into the room must be wearing a gown and gloves. While the patient is in contact precautions, he cannot leave the room. C. difficile dies quickly once outside the body.

The nurse is instructed to clean a patient's infected surgical wound. How should the nurse apply antiseptic on the wound? Select all that apply.

*Wipe around the edge of the wound first. Wipe the center of the wound first. *Clean outward from the wound. Clean inward toward the wound. Clean the wound using strokes in any direction.

A patient has an indwelling urinary catheter. Why does an indwelling urinary catheter present a risk for urinary tract infection? (Select all that apply.)

*it allows migration of organisms into the bladder. The insertion procedure is not done under sterile conditions. * It obstructs the normal flushing action of urine flow. It keeps an incontinent patient's skin dry. The outer surface of the catheter is not considered sterile.

What is the correct order of steps for removal of protective barriers after leaving an isolation room? 1. Remove gloves. 2. Perform hand hygiene. 3. Remove eyewear or goggles. 4. Untie top and then bottom mask strings and remove from face. 5. Untie waist and neck strings of gown. Remove gown, rolling it onto itself without touching the contaminated side.

1, 3, 5, 4, 2

After reviewing the laboratory reports of a patient, the nurse suspects that the patient has an acute suppurative infection. What would be the patient's neutrophil count?

75%

A patient who underwent bariatric surgery complains of serous exudate at the site of surgery. The primary health care provider diagnoses the patient with a health care-associated infection. Which microorganisms can cause exogenous infections? Select all that apply.

Aspergillus Clostridium tetani

Which equipment is used to sterilize surgical instruments?

Autoclave

A community nurse is conducting an awareness program for sex workers and community members with substance abuse problems. What should the nurse tell the attendees about prevention of the spread of the hepatitis C virus?

Both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients can transmit the virus.

A registered nurse teaches a group of nursing students about home care considerations for patients with infections. Which statement made by the nursing student indicates the need for further learning?

"I should see if cold running water faucets are available."

A registered nurse teaches a group of nursing students about standard precautions to prevent infections. Which statement made by the nursing student needs correction?

"I should wash my hands with antimicrobial soap and water if my hands are not visibly soiled."

A registered nurse teaches a nursing student about cleaning instruments before sterilization. Which statement made by the nursing student needs correction?

"I will rinse the contaminated objects in hot water."

A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about the various stages of infections. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates a need for additional teaching?

"The incubation period for mumps is 1 to 5 days."

While reviewing the laboratory blood reports of a male patient, the nurse finds that his iron level is 60 mcg/mL. What does the nurse suspect from this finding?

The patient has a chronic infection.

A 56-year-old patient has a severe, productive cough. The patient is diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) and is placed in an isolation room. What are the possible reasons for this action? Select all that apply.

To perform a chest x-ray **To prevent the spread of infection To provide intravenous fluids To prevent the patient's exposure to other infections **To restrict the patient's movements

Which environment would limit the growth of bacteria?

Bacteria growing in a pH of 3.0

Which normal flora of the human colon can cause an infection when it enters the bloodstream?

Bacteroides fragilis

A nurse reviews the laboratory reports of a patient with infection. Which laboratory parameter would be normal during infection?

Basophil count

When should a nurse wear a mask? (Select all that apply).

The patient's dental hygiene is poor. **The nurse is assisting with an aerosolizing respiratory procedure such as suctioning. The patient has acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and a congested cough. ***The patient is in droplet precautions. ** The nurse is assisting a health care provider in the insertion of a central line catheter.

A registered nurse teaches a nursing student about the portal of exit of different organisms. Which statement made by the nursing student indicates a need for further learning? Select all that apply.

The skin is considered a portal of exit. The hepatitis B virus can exit through blood. Gastrointestinal portals of exit include emesis and drainage tubes. **In a patient with a urinary tract infection, organisms exit through drainage tubes. **The influenza virus is released from the body through the mucous membranes.

What does it mean when a patient is diagnosed with a multidrug-resistant organism in his or her surgical wound? (Select all that apply.)

There is more than one organism in the wound that is causing the infection. * The antibiotics the patient has received are not strong enough to kill the organism. The patient will need more than one type of antibiotic to kill the organism. * The organism has developed a resistance to one or more broad-spectrum antibiotics, indicating that the organism will be hard to treat effectively. There are no longer any antibiotic options available to treat the patient's infection.