Topic 3 Terms List Part 2
External carotid artery
Artery that supplies blood to the anterior (front) parts of the scalp, ear, face, neck, and sides of the head.
Internal carotid artery
Artery that supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear.
Left gastric artery
artery that leads from the celiac trunk to the stomach (on the left)
Common iliac vein
formed by the external iliac veins and internal iliac veins. The left and right common iliac veins come together in the abdomen at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra, forming the inferior vena cava. They drain blood from the pelvis and lower limbs.
Gonadal arteries
generic term for a paired artery, with one arising from the abdominal aorta for each gonad. Specifically, it can refer to: the testicular arteryin males. the ovarian artery in females.
Common hepatic artery
arises from the celiac trunk to supply the liver
Where are capillaries located in the body? Can we see them on cadavers?
A capillary is an extremely small blood vessel located within the tissues of the body that transports blood from arteries to veins. Capillaries are most abundant in tissues and organs that are metabolically active
Bicuspid valve
A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle that prevents the blood in the ventricle from returning to the atrium.
hepatic portal vein
A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circulatory system.
Inferior vena cava
A vein that is the largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from bodily parts below the diaphragm.
Superior vena cava
A vein that is the second largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from the upper half of the body.
Pulmonary trunk
A vessel that arises from the right ventricle of the heart, extends upward, and divides into the right and left pulmonaryarteries that convey unaerated blood to the lungs.
Basilar artery
An artery, formed by the fusion of the vertebral arteries, that supplies blood to the brainstem and to the posterior cerebral arteries.
What direction do arteries carry blood in relation to the heart? And veins?
Arteries go away from the heart with oxygenated blood and veins go to the heart with deoxygenated blood
Describe the structures and functions of arteries, capillaries, and veins
Arteries transport blood away from the heart. Veins return blood back toward the heart. Capillaries surround body cells and tissues to deliver and absorb oxygen, nutrients, and other substances.
Basilic veins
Begins in the ulnar part of the dorsal venous network. It runs up the posterior surface of the ulnar side of the forearm (Basilic vein of forearm) and inclines forward to the anterior surface below the elbow, where it is joined by the vena mediana cubiti.
Subclavian artery
Both a left and right, blood vessels that supply blood to the shoulders and upper limbs.
Radial veins
Drain the palmar venous arches and forearm into brachial veins. Run along the radius.
Brachiocephalic vein
Either of the veins formed by the union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins above the heart. Carries deoxygenated blood to right atrium of heart through the anterior vena cava
Internal jugular vein
Located at the side of the neck to collect blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck.
Anterior cerebral artery
Supplies posterior frontal lobe, coropus callosum, BG Damage: cog, judgement, attn, reasoning, possible paralysis feet/legs
Ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta
The aortic arch is the portion of the aorta that is in the shape of an arch and connects the ascending aorta with the descending aorta. The major arteries that stem from the arch are: the brachiocephalic artery, the left carotid artery and the left subclavian artery.
Ascending Aorta
The ascending aorta (AAo) is a portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum.
Brachial veins
The brachial vein is a component of the deep venous system of the upper limb. After forming from the radial and ulnar veins1, the brachial vein travels from the cubital fossa superiorly to become the axillary vein.
Brachiocephalic trunk
The first large artery arising from the aortic arch. It carries oxygenated blood to the neck, head, and right forelimb.
Compare and contrast the layers of the artery versus a vein
The inner lining of an artery is typically wrinkled due to the contracted state of the smooth muscle in the artery wall. Veins have a relatively thin layer of smooth muscle in the wall, and often the veins have a misshapen or collapsed look, whereas arteriesmaintain a tight cylindrical shape
Structural difference between an artery and a vein
The inner lining of an artery is typically wrinkled due to the contracted state of the smooth muscle in the artery wall. Veinshave a relatively thin layer of smooth muscle in the wall, and often the veins have a misshapen or collapsed look, whereas arteriesmaintain a tight cylindrical shape
Renal arteries
The two branches of the abdominal aorta that supply the kidneys
Right ventricle
The lower rightchamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the rightatrium and pumps it under low pressure into the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
Define pulse and identify the general location of arteries where pulse is palpated
The pulse may be palpated in any place that allows an artery to be compressed near the surface of the body, such as at the neck (carotid artery), wrist (radial artery), at the groin (femoral artery), behind the knee (popliteal artery), near the ankle joint (posterior tibial artery), and on foot (dorsalis pedis artery). pulse is your heart rate, the amount of beats per minute
Right atrium
The right upper chamber of the heart. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava and pumps it into the right ventricle which then sends it to the lungs to be oxygenated.
Splenic artery
The splenic artery or lienal arteryis the blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the spleen. It branches from the celiac artery, and follows a course superior to the pancreas
Vertebral artery
The vertebral arteries are major arteries of the neck. Typically, the vertebral arteries originate from the subclavian arteries. Each vessel courses superiorly along each side of the neck, merging within the skull to form the single, midline basilar artery.
Axillary veins
These veins carry blood from the forelimbs and join with the subscapular veins to form the subclavian vein.
external jugular vein
Vein located at the side of the neck that carries blood returning to the heart from the head, face, and neck.
Splenic vein
a blood vessel that drains blood from the spleen, the stomach fundus and part of the pancreas. It is part of the hepatic portal system.
Coronary sinus
a collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the heart muscle (myocardium). It delivers less-oxygenated blood to the right atrium, as do the superior and inferior venae cavae.
Axillary artery
a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, the axilla (armpit) and the upper limb. Its origin is at the lateral margin of the first rib, before which it is called the subclavian artery.
inferior mesenteric artery
a major branch of the abdominal aorta. It supplies arterial blood to the organs of the hindgut - the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum.
Subclavian artery
a pair of large arteries in the thorax that supply blood to the thorax itself, head, neck, shoulder and arms. Depending on the side of the body, it can have two origins: the aortic arch on the left and the brachiocephalic trunk on the right
Posterior communication artery of the brain
a smaller branch of the internal carotid artery (ICA). It runs backward to anastomoses with the posterior cerebral artery(PCA) to contribute in the formation of circle of Willis (CW).
Cephalon veins
a superficial vein of the upper limb and it's one of the two main veins of the arm. ... The cephalic vein drains the radial part of the hand, forearm and arm and communicates along its course with the basilic vein, which drains the ulnar part. The cephalic veinempties directly into the axillary vein.
Middle cerebral artery
a terminal branch of the internal carotid artery and is part of the anterior cerebral circulation. The MCA supplies many deep brainstructures, the majority of the lateral surface of the cerebralhemispheres, and the temporal pole of the brain.
Right coronary artery
an artery originating above the right cusp of the aortic valve, at the right aortic sinus in the heart. It travels down the right coronarysulcus, towards the crux of the heart. It supplies the right side of the heart, and the interventricular septum.
Circumflex artery
an artery that branches off from the left coronary artery to supply portions of the heart with oxygenated blood. The circumflex artery itself divides into smaller arterial systems.
Internal iliac vein
begins near the upper part of the greater sciatic foramen, passes upward behind and slightly medial to the internal iliac artery and, at the brim of the pelvis, joins with the external iliac vein to form the common iliac vein.
Renal veins
blood vessels that return blood to the heart from the kidney. Each kidney is drained by its own renal vein (the right and left renal vein). Each renal veindrains into a large vein called the inferior vena cava (IVC), which carries blood directly to the heart.
Ulnar veins
carry oxygen depleted blood from the lower medial portion of the forearm to the brachial vein
inferior mesenteric vein
drains distal portion of large intestine
superior mesenteric vein
drains small intestines and ascending colon
Subclavian vein
either of the two veins that returns blood from the arms to the heart the vein that provides passageway from the lymphatic system to the vascular system
Pulmonary semilunar valve
heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery
Pectinate muscles
internal ridges of myocardium in right atrium and both auricles
Left coronary artery
is a coronary artery that arises from the aorta above the left cusp of the aortic valve, and feeds blood to the leftside of the heart. It is also known as the left main coronary artery(abbreviated LMCA) and the leftmain stem coronary artery
Median cubical veins
is the superficial vein overlying the bicipital aponeurosis in the roof of the cubital fossa, commonly cannulated for intravenous access. It variably forms as either a H or M type pattern joining the median antebrachial, basilic and cephalic veins.
Describe blood pressure and how it is measured
it's expressed as a measurement with two numbers, with one number on top (systolic) and one on the bottom (diastolic), like a fraction. For example, 120/80 mm Hg. The top number refers to the amount of pressure in your arteries during the contraction of your heart muscle. Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries
superior mesenteric artery
large abdominal artery; feed large and small intestine
External iliac vein
large veins that connect the femoral veins to the common iliac veins. Their origin is at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligaments and they terminate when they join the internal iliac veins (to form the common iliac veins).
Great saphenous vein
large, subcutaneous, superficial vein of the leg. It is the longest vein in the body, running along the length of the lower limb, returning blood from the foot, leg and thigh to the deep femoral vein at the femoral triangle
Aortic semilunar valve
located between the left ventricle and the aorta
Common carotid artery
located on each side of the neck Artery that supplies blood to the face, head, and neck.
Femoral vein
major vein of the thigh that receives blood from the deep femoral and great saphenous vein
trabeculae carneae
muscular ridges on the internal surface of the ventricles
Posterior cerebral artery
one of a pair of arteriesthat supply oxygenated blood to the occipital lobe, part of the back of the human brain. The two arteries originate from the distal end of the basilar artery, where it bifurcates into the left and right posterior cerebral arteries.
Left ventricle
one of four chambers of the heart. It is located in the bottom left portion of the heart below the left atrium, separated by the mitral valve. As the heart contracts, blood eventually flows back into the leftatrium, and then through the mitral valve, whereupon it next enters the left ventricle.
Left atrium
one of the four chambers of the heart, located on the left posterior side. Its primary roles are to act as a holding chamber for blood returning from the lungs and to act as a pump to transport blood to other areas of the heart.
Femoral artery
one of the major arteries in the human body. It extends from the iliac artery near the abdomen down to the legs. The primary function of this artery is to supply blood to the lower section of the body
Gonadal vein
paired structures that drain the gonads in males and females. In males it is called the testicular vein (or internal spermatic vein) and in females it is called the ovarian vein. The gonadal veins ascend with the gonadal arteries in the abdomen along the psoas muscle anterior to the ureters.
Celiac trunk
part of the abdominal aorta where arteries branch off to take blood to the stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas Large unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies the liver, stomach, and spleen
interventricular septum
partition between the right and left ventricles
Pulmonary arteries
pumps deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary artery. This artery divides above the heart into two branches, to the right and left lungs, where the arteries further subdivide into smaller and smaller branches until the capillaries in the pulmonary air sacs (alveoli) are reached.
Papillary muscles
responsible for pulling the atrioventricular valves closed by means of the chordae tendineae
Middle cardiac vein
runs alongside the posterior interventricular artery
Great cardiac vein
runs in the anterior interventricular groove and drains the anterior aspect of the heart where it is the venous complement of the left anterior descending artery. It is the main tributary of the coronarysinus.
Marginal artery
runs in the mesentery close to the large intestine as part of the vascular arcade that connects the superior mesenteric artery and the inferior mesenteric artery. It provides an effective anastomosis between these two arteries for the large intestine.
posterior interventricular artery
runs to the heart apex and supplies the posterior ventricular walls an artery running in the posterior interventricularsulcus to the apex of the heart where it meets with the anterior interventricular artery
Anterior communicating artery of the brain
short vessel that connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries, forming the anterior border of the cerebral arterial circle of Willis. Together with the basilar artery, it is one of the two brain vessels that are not paired.
Anterior interventricular artery
supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles It is located subepicardially within the anterior and inferior interventricular sulci of the heart.
External iliac artery
supplies lower limbs
Radial artery
terminal branch of the brachial artery and arises at the cubital fossa of the forearm. It is one of the two main arteries of the forearm, along with the ulnar artery
Ulnar artery
the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the medial aspects of the forearm. It arises from the brachial arteryand terminates in the superficial palmar arch, which joins with the superficial branch of the radial artery. It is palpable on the anterior and medial aspect of the wrist
Brachial artery
the major blood vessel of the (upper) arm. It is the continuation of the axillary artery beyond the lower margin of teres major muscle. It continues down the ventral surface of the arm until it reaches the cubital fossa at the elbow.
ligamentum arteriosum
the small fibrous remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosum, located between and connecting the proximal left pulmonary artery and the undersurface of the junction of the aortic arch and descending aorta, at the aortic isthmus.
Fossa ovale
the small oval depression in the interatrial septum at the site of the closed foramen ovale, which closes once fetal circulation ceases in the first few minutes of postnatal life. It represents the overlapping primary and secondary septa of the interatrial septum.
Internal iliac artery
the smaller terminal branch of the common iliac artery. It supplies the pelvic walls, pelvic viscera, external genitalia, perineum, buttock and medial part of the thigh.
Pulmonary veins
the veinsthat transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The largest pulmonary veins are the four main pulmonary veins, two from each lung that drain into the left atrium of the heart. The pulmonary veins are part of the pulmonary circulation.
chordae tendineae
tiny white cords; anchor the flaps to the walls of the ventricles
Common iliac artery.
two large arteries that originate from the aortic bifurcation at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra. They end in front of the sacroiliac joint, one on either side, and each bifurcates into the external and internal iliac arteries.
Tricuspid valve
valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle