Total Teas V Review

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electromagnetic spectrum

arrangement of electromagnetic radiation--including radio waves, visible light from the Sun, gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet waves, infrared waves, and microwaves--according to their wavelengths

association

bite

bit bitten

build

built built

Association

attendance

attednance

attendance

auxiliary

awkward

perfect progressive tense:

!. Present perfect progressive, 2. Past perfect progressive, 3. Future perfect progressive. All give the idea that one event is in progress immediately before, up to, and until another time or event.

preposintion combination with verbs begining with letter P:

!. Participate in, 2. Pray for, 3. Prevent from, 4. Prohibit from, 5. Provide for.

preposintion combination with verbs begining with letter S:

!. Stare at, 2. stop at, from, 3. Subscribe to, 4. Substitute for, 5. Succeed in.

preposintion combination with verbs begining with letter V:

!. Vote for.

*Use single quotation marks to enclose quotes within another quotation. The reporter told me, "When I interviewed the quarterback, he said they simply 'played a better game.'___*

atom

(physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element

nuclear reaction

(physics) a process that alters the energy or structure or composition of atomic nuclei

energy

(physics) the capacity of a physical system to do work

transmutation

(physics) the change of one chemical element into another (as by nuclear decay or radioactive bombardment)

power

(physics) the rate of doing work

theory of relativity

(physics) the theory that space and time are relative concepts rather than absolute concepts

What products are obtained with CH4(g) burns completely in an excess of oxygen? A. CO and H2O B. CO and C C. CO2 and H2O D. CO2 and CO

Separable verbs:

With some separable verbs, the object must come between the verb and the particle: Example: The quality of their work sets them apart from their rivals. With some separable verbs, the object can be before or after the particle, though when a pronoun is used it comes before the particle: Example: Turn the TV off., Turn off the TV, Turn it off.

Anaerobic:

Without the presence of oxygen

Adjective

a descriptive word that modifies a noun or pronoun; Example: Appearance, Color, Condition, Feelings Bad & Good, Shape, Size, Sound, Quantity, Taste, Touch, and Time. Ex: This tree is TALL.

maltase

a digestive enzyme that breaks maltose into glucose

inertia

a disposition to remain inactive or inert

thymus

a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity

Subject verb agreement, BASIC RULE

a final -s or -es is added to a simple present verb when the subject is a singular noun or third persong singular pronoun(she, he, it)

estrogen

a general term for female steroid sex hormones that are secreted by the ovary and responsible for typical female sexual characteristics

genotype

a group of organisms sharing a specific genetic constitution

protein

an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells

diploid

an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number

Heterotroph

an organism that cannot produce its own food

Autotroph

an organism that is capable of producting its own food

discipline

primary source

firsthand records of events, theories, opinions, or actions. Often come in form of published/unpublished document, recordings, artifacts, or on the internet. May not always be accurate

fit

fit/fitted fit/fitted

*Quotation marks may additionally be used to indicate words used ironically or with some reservation. The great march of "progress" has left millions impoverished and hungry. Do not use quotation marks for words used as words themselves. In this case, you should use it___ The English word nuance comes from a Middle French word meaning "shades of color."*

italics

*When you are quoting something that has a spelling or grammar mistake or presents material in a confusing way, insert the term sic in i___ and enclose it in brackets. Sic means, "This is the way the original material was." Example: She wrote, "I would rather die then [sic] be seen wearing the same outfit as my sister." Should be than, not then.*

italics

purpose to entertain

keep the reader interested--plays and novels

kneel

kneeled/knelt kneeled/knelt

know

knew known

burn

burnedlburnt burnedlburnt

*We do not enclose indirect quotations in quotation marks. An indirect quotation reports what someone says but not in the exact, original language. Indirect quotations are not heard in the same way that quoted lang____ is heard. The President said that NAFTA would eventually be a boon to small businesses in both countries. Professor Villa told her students the textbooks were not yet in the bookstore.*

language

leap

leaped/leapt leaped/leapt

learn

learned/learnt learned/learnt

Doris is leaning a 10 foot ladder against a wall. If the ladder hits the wall at exactly 8 feet, how far away from teh wall is the ladder placed on the floor? A. 2 feet B. 6 feet C. 8 Feet D. 10 Feet

Unsaturated Hydrocarbon

Double bond called alkenes formula= CnH2n Triple bond called alkynes formula-CnH2n-2

Gastrulation

During which of the following stages of development do individual tissue layers begin to form.

Future progressive:

Expresses an event that will occur in the futrure, will be still be in progress, and probably will continue when another event will occur, all in the future. (Shadia will be sleeping when her uncle arrive). Form: (will be) + present participle.

simple present:

Expresses events or situations that exist always, usually, habitually. They exist now, have existed in the past, and probably will exist in the future. (It snows in Alaska).

Celsius to Fahrenheit

F= 1.8 (C) +32

*Use commas to separate independent clauses when they are joined by any of these seven coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet or FAN____*

FANBOYS

future perfect progressive:

Expresses an event that will occur and continue to occur when anther future event occurs. (Shadia will have been sleeping for two hours by the time her uncle arrives). Form: will have been + present participle.

futrue perfect:

Expresses an event that will occur and will be compleated before another future event. ( Shadia will have already slept when her uncle arrives). Form: will have + past participle.

changeable

changing

characteristic

chauffeur

choose

chose chosen

Jane started her stamp collection exactly one year ago, and in that time, she has collected 132 stamps. On average, how many stamps has she collected per month? A. 10 B. 11 C. 12 D. 20

Kelvin

K=Celsius + 273.15

Gendered Language

Language that specifies male or female gender using words such as he or her. It is considered to be correct to replace words with the possessive pronouns his and her or a combination of the two (his or her) they are use when the noun singular

Liquids that evaporate quickly are known as _____ liquids. A. Viscous B. Volatile C. Evaporative D. Transient

igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

List the different types of rock.

Litmus paper that is blue will turn/stay _____ in the presence of a strong base. A. Orange B. Red C. Blue D. Green

What organ produces bile?

Liver

Onomatopoeia:

Moo.

flee

fled fled

fly

flew flown

fling

flung flung

fight

fought fought

*On the other hand, some words ending in -s refer to a single thing but are nonetheless pl___ and require a plural verb. EX: My assets were wiped out in the depression. The average worker's earnings have gone up dramatically. Our thanks go to the workers who supported the union.*

plural

*Ex: The tornadoes that tear through this county every spring are more than just a nuisance. The subject, tornadoes is pl___. Don't get confused by the words in between, such as prepositional phrase.*

plural

pituitary gland

the endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands, the master gland of the endocrine system

kenetic energy

the energy of motion, used to do work

activation energy

the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur

lewis electron dot diagram

the representation of an atom, ion or molecule, in which the element symbols stand for the nucleus and all inner level electrons while dots stand for outer level electrons

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body

radioactivity

the spontaneous emission of a stream of particles or electromagnetic rays in nuclear decay

sublimation

(chemistry) a change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid

reaction

(chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others

Kelvin Temp

-273 degree C, based on waters triple point

2 cups (c.) = how many pints

1 pint (pt.)

2 pints = how many quarts

1 quart (qt.)

3 teaspoons (tsp.) = how many tablespoons

1 tablespoon (tbsp.)

1. capital 2. capitol

1. a leading or governing city 2. a building that houses a states' lawmakers

1. complement 2. compliment

1. an element that completes 2. a remark of appreciation

1. whose 2. who's

1. belonging to whom 2. contraction of who is

1. your 2. you're

1. belonging to you 2. contraction of you are

1. council 2. counsel

1. body of people assembled fort advice 2. advice

preposintion combination with verbs begining with letter C:

1. care about, for, 2. Compare to, with, 3. Complain about, of, 4. Consist of, 5. Contribute to, 6. Count (up) on.

1. dying 2. dyeing

1. cease to live 2. coloring of fabric

1. principal 2. principle

1. chief or leader 2. belief or rule of conduct

simple teses:

1.Simple present. 2. Simple past, 3. Simple future.

1. their 2. they're 3. there

1.belonging to them 2. contraction of they are 3. in that place

1. bear 2. bare

1.carry or support 2. to expose

1. stationary 2. stationery

1.not moving 2. paper for writing

1 pound

16 ounces

1 pound (lb.) = how many ounces

16 ounces

1 pint = how many ounces

16 ounces (oz.)

1 lb

16 oz

1 Mile

1760 yards

preference

preferred

prejudice

Genetics

study of how traits are transported form parent to offspring.

strenuous

studying

transfer

transferred

tried

tries

*Occasionally pronouns are connected to other subjects or objects in the sentence. In that case, the case of the pronoun can be important and errors are apt to be made, especially in the object position. Generally, the choice becomes obvious when you drop the noun or noun phrase that the pronoun is combined with. We students can no longer tolerate the administration's mismanagement of funds. [We can no longer tolerate ... ] The administration has given us students no alternative. [... has given ___ no alternative.] In the second person, this is not really a problem, because the form of "you" remains the same whether it is singular or plural, subject or object. Y__students need to take care of this situation on your own. I'm giving you students three months to come up with a solution.

us you

withdraw

withdrew withdrawn

wake

woke/waked woken/waked

win

won won

verb

word that shows action or state of being

*Use capital letters in the following ways: The first w____ of a sentence When he tells a joke, he sometimes forgets the punch line.*

words

wear

wore worn

cone cells

work best in bright light and enable you to see colors

rod cells

work best in dim light and enable you to see black, white, and shades of gray

wind

wound wound

weave

wove woven

66-2/3%

write 2/3 as a percent

writing

written

graph root

written ex: autograph, biographic

write

wrote written

Pi:

3.14 or 22/7

1 Ounce

30 milliliters

1 quart = how many ounces

32 ounces (oz.)

35% of what number is 70? A. 100 B. 110 C. 150 D. 175 E. 200

1 yard = how many inches?

36 inches (in.)

1year (yr.) = how many days

365 days

1 gal

4 q

1 gallon

4 quarts

1 gallon = how many quarts

4 quarts

1 Teaspoon

5 milliliters

1 Mile

5280 feet

1 mile

5280 feet

1 mile = how many feet?

5280 feet

1 mi

5280 ft

Photosynthesis Chemical Equation

6 CO2+6H20+Energy>C6 H12 O6+ 6O2

60 % of 5 is ?

1 hour = how many minutes

60 minutes

1 minute (min.) = how many seconds

60 seconds

1 week (wk.) = how many days

7 days

769+351= A. 960 B. 1,020 C. 4,080 D. 1,120

1 c

8 fl oz

1 cup

8 fluid ounces

1 Cup

8 ounces

1 cup = how many ounces

8 ounces (oz.)

1 gallon = how many pints

8 pints

1 Quart

946 ounces

Hyperbole:

A figure of speech in which statements are exaggerated

Preposition

A word such as BY, AT, TO, or FROM that gives additional information, usually in the relationship to something else in the sentence. Ex: The boy can sit ON the box, BY the box, ABOVE the box, BELOW the box, AROUND the box, or NEAR the box.

preposition:

A word such as by, at , to, from that gives additional information, usually in relationship to something else in the sentence.

Onomatopoeia:

A word that imitates the source of the sound it describes

article:

A word that is used to limit a noun, either indefinite (a and an) of definite (the)

Noun

A word that names a person, place, thing. Ex: John loves chocolate.

Verb

A word that shows an action or a state of being. Ex: Go, Jump, Cooking Linking verb: Be, Feel, Become.

In August my parents will be married for twenty-five years. A. will be married for twenty-five years. B. shall have been married for twenty-five years. C. will have been married for twenty-five years. D. will be married for twenty five years. E. will have married for twenty-five years.

High frequency sound waves are known as: A. Fundamental waves B. Overtones C. Consonance waves D. Dissonance waves

Evaporation

High heat low humidity

Perimeter=2l+2w Area=lw

How do you find a perimeter and area of a rectangle?

Perimeter=4s Area=s^2

How do you find a perimeter and area of a square?

Perimeter=s1+s2+s3 Area= (1/2)bh

How do you find a perimeter and area of a triangle?

How is 8/2 expressed as a percentage? A. 4% B. 40% C. 400% D. 4,000%

Example

How is it possible that I can say to my daughter, "Pick up your room before going out to play,"but she hear, "Pick up your room at some point in the not-too-distant future"?

*Capatilize the pronoun ____*

concentration outside is higher than inside.

If a solution is hypertonic, what does this mean?

concentration outside is lower that inside

If a solution is hypotonic, what does this mean?

Density

Mass/Volume less volume = greater density if constant

Matter vs. Mass

Matter is anything that takes up space. Mass- is the quantity of matter an object has.

osteocytes

Mature cells, develop from osteoblasts, control day-to-day activities (each occupies a lacuna, a pocket sandwiched between layers of matrix

Vital Capacity

Maxium volume of air inhaled and exhaled during forced breathing.

appropriate

Arctic

Quotation Marks

Are always used to indicate exactly what someone says.

Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries

Arteries-transport blood away from the heart to the capillaries Veins Blood vessels that transport blood from the capillaries back to the heart. Capillaries-tiny blood vessels that transport blood from the arteries to veins withing the body also serves as site fro 02 exchange.

Anion

Atom or molecule with a negative charge.

Anion:

Atom or molecule with negative charge

Kinetic Theory

Atoms are always in motion

Cohesion:

Attraction between similar molecules

Example of adhesion:

Attraction between water molecules and molecules that make up the inside of a xylem tube

Ratio:

Comparison of two numbers by division

Cell Division/DNA

DNA is found in the nucleus in the form of chromatin and chromosomes. when a cell is not dividing, DNA is found in the form of loosely structured chromatin. but when a cell is dividing the DNA is seen in condensed rod-shaped bodies called chromosomes.

Which happen during inspiration?

Diaphragm contracts

Distance and force multiplied together indicate? A. Power B. Joules C. Work D. Energy

Fraction to decimal:

Divide numerator by denominator

Transverse section

Divides body into top and bottom

Sagittal section

Divides the body into right/left sides

Biological Classification

Domain, Kingdom, Phyllum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Genus and Species in italics, Genus is Capitalized (Did king phillip come over for good soup)

Endocrine glands:

Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood

Law of Conservation

Energy is not lost but rather transferred back and forth between KE and PE. A decrease in PE is an increase in KE and vice versa

Kinetic Energy

Energy of Motion, The amount of energy associated with an objects motion. Increase in velocity results in and increase in KE. Doubling Velocity will cause KE to increase x4

Anabolism:

Energy required during building phase of metabolism in which simipler substances are combined to form more complex substances

proteases

Enzymes that continue the breakdown of polypeptides in the small intestine.

Four types of human tissue found in the body:

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous tissue

Estimate 23 percent of 200

Express 60/12 as a percentage. A. 0.5% B. 5% C. 50% D. 500%

simple past:

Expresses an event or situation that existed at one particular time in the past. It began and ended in the past. (It snowed yesterday).

simple future:

Expresses an event or situation that will exist at one particular time in the future.(It will snow tomorrow).

past perfect:

Expresses an event that had already occurred and completed when another event occurred, all in the past. (Shadia had already slept when her uncle arrived). Form: had + past participle.

present perfect :

Expresses an event that has ccurred and completed before now.( Shadia has already slept). Form: (has, have) + past participle.

Periodic Table Quick Facts

First Column alkali family donates 1 electron, 2nd column alkali earth donates 2 electrons 7th column halogens accepts 1 electron for bonding 8th column noble gases resistant to bonding electronically stable (full outer shell) 10 elements on right side are gases 2 liquids mercury, and bromine Number of electrons increases from left to right

Digestive System Fast Facts

Food expelled through anus, absorption of food occurs through the small intestine, colon removes water from waste, liver produces bile, pancreas delivers enzymes to small intestine.

Weaker: higher

For a given substance the gas phase is considered to have_____ intermolcular attractions and to exist at ____ temperatures.

Agonist:

Muscle that bears the major responsibilty for effecting a particular movement; a prime mover

Subject verb agreement, ONE, EACH, EVERY, NO ONE, ANYONE, EACHONE, EVERYONE, SOMEONE, ANYBODY, SOMEBODY, NOBODY, EVERYBODY

ONE, EACH, EVERY, NO ONE, ANYONE, EACHONE, EVERYONE, SOMEONE, ANYBODY, SOMEBODY, NOBODY, EVERYBODY are always followed immediately by singular nouns and the verb is singular even when there are two (or more) nouns connected with by And., e.g. Every man, woman, and child needs love.

Hierarchy of Human Body Structure

Organism, Organ system, Organs, Tissues, Cells, Molecules, Cells.

Organs repair themselves through a process of? A. Meiosis B. Mitosis C. Cellular differentiation D. Transformation

Follicle:

Ovarian structure consisting of a developing egg surrounded by one or more layers of follicle cells; colloid-containing structure of the thyroid gland

The coenzyme NAD/NADH is involved in which of the following types of reactions?

Oxidation/Reduction

Perimeter of a square:

P= 4 x s

Perimeter of a rectangle:

P=2L x 2W

Perimeter of a triangle:

P=a+b+c

PH formula

PH=-log(Ah) a difference on the PH scale is 10

transfer RNA (t-RNA)

RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain,

Subject -Verb Agreement in First Person

Singular: I run; Plural: We run

Common Possessive Nouns in First person

Singular: Mine, My; Plural: our, ours

Subject-Verb Agreement in Second Person

Singular: You run; Plural: You run

Pronoun In Second Person

Singular: You, your, yours; Plural: you, your, yours

Common Possessive Nouns in Third Person

Singular: her, hers, his, its; Plural: theirs, their

Solid State of Matter

Solid has fixed shape and volume, high pressure low temp.

Culture medium:

Specially prepared nutritious substance used to grow experimental organisms

Lymphatic

Spleen and thoracic duct

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter B:

!. Believe

preposintion combination with verbs begining with letter B:

!. Belive in, 2. Blame for

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter C1:

!. Commit, 2. Commited, 3.Committed.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter C2:

!. Compel, 2. Ccompelled, 3. Conceive, 4. Conquer.

preposintion combination with verbs begining with letter D:

!. Decide (up)on, 2. Depend (up)on, 3. Distinguish from, 4. Dream of (about).

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter E1:

!. Eliminate, 2. Emphasize, 3. Equip, 4. Exceed.

emulsion

(chemistry) a colloid in which both phases are liquids

Pleasant

...

Subject verb agreement,

...

milli (m)

.001 or 1/1000

centi (c)

.01 or 1/100

deci (d)

.1 or 1/10

Subject verb agreement, GERUND

.GERUND used as the subject of the sentence requires a singular verb. e.g. Growing flowers is Shadia's hobby. ..

Subject verb agreement, TOGETHER WITH, INCLUDING, ACCOMPANIED BY, IN ADDITION TO, and AS WELL AS

.TOGETHER WITH, INCLUDING, ACCOMPANIED BY, IN ADDITION TO, and AS WELL AS, do not change the number of the subject, if the subject is singular, the verb is too. e.g. Shadia, as well as her uncle, is home. Shadia's sisters, as well as their uncle, are home.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter D1:

1. Deceive, 2. Decide, 3. Defer, 4. Deferred.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter E2:

1. Excel, 2. Except, 3.Exercise, 4. Explain.

preposintion combination with verbs begining with letter F:

1. Feel like, 2. Fight for, 3. Forget about, 4. Forgive for.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter F:

1. Forfeit, 2. Fascinate.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter G:

1. Grief.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter H:

1. Hesitate.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter I:

1. Intercede, 2. Interest.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter M:

1. Misspell.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter O1:

1. Oblige, 2. Obliged, 3. Occur, 4.Occurred.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter O2:

1. Omit, 2. Omitted, 3. Operate.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter P2:

1. Prefer, 2.Preferred, 3.Prejudice, 4. Proceed.

perfect tense:

1. Present perfect, 2 Past perfect, 3. Futrue perfect. All give the idea that one event occurred before another time or event.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter T1:

1. Transfer, 2. Trnasferred.

1. all together 2. altogether

1. everyone in a group 2. entirely, completely

1. all ready 2. already

1. everyone/everything is ready 2. by this time

1. forth 2. fourth

1. forward in place or time 2. element in a series

1. affect 2. effect

1. have an effect on 2. something that is brought by a cause

1. to 2. too 3. two

1. indicates movement or intent 2. also 3. something that has two units

1. descent 2. dissent

1. slope angles downward 2. disagreement

1. ascent 2. assent

1. slope angles upward 2. agreement

1. altar 2. alter

1. structure of worship 2. to change

1. cite 2. site

1. uses an example; quote 2. a location

parts of speech:

1.Adjective, 2.adverb, 3. Article, 4. Clause, 5. Direct object, 6. Noun, 7. Object of preposition, 8. Phrase, 9. Possessive pronoun, 10. Preposition, 11. Pronoun, 12. subjects, 13. Verbs.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter D2:

1.Describe, 2. Devise, 3. Disappear, 4. Disappoint.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter D3:

1.Discipline, 2. Discuss, 3. Dissipate, 4. Didtribute.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter P1:

1.Piece, 2. Possess, 3. Precede,

Steps fof the Scientific Method:

1.Problem Identification 2. Ask Question 3.Hypothesis 4. Data Collection 5. Analysis 6. Consclusion

deca (da)

1 Centimeter

10 millimeters

1 meter = how many millimeters

1000

kilo (k)

1000

1 kilogram = how many grams

1000 grams

1 liter = how many milliliters

1000 milliliters

11. What is 35% of a number if 12 is 15% of a number? A. 5 B. 12 C. 28 D. 33 E. 62

1 ft

12 in

1 Foot

12 inches

1 foot

12 inches

1 foot = how many inches?

12 inches (in.)

1 year = how many months

12 months

12. A lyre was played in ancient Rome. The lyre is a A. Stringed instrument in the harp class B. Percussion instrument C. Wind instrument in the wind class D. Rhythmical percussion device

1 Gallon

128 ounces

1 gallon = how many ounces

128 ounces

1 q

2 p

1 Quart

2 pints

1 quart

2 pints

Tissue types

4 types of tissue Epithelial-skin, and glandular simple (one layer), statified (two layers) Muscle-smooth, cardiac, skeletal Nervous-nerves Connective-blood, ligaments, bone, cartiladge, fat.

Area of rectangle:

A = L x W

Area of square:

A = S^2

Fibrinogen:

A blood protein that is converted to fibrin during blood clotting

DNA polymerase

A cell uses which of the following as the first line defense against mutations during DNA replication

dehydration synthesis

A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.

Protein catalyst:

A chemical that changes the rate of a chemical reaction in living tissue without itself being chemically altered

Alpha Particle:

A cluster of 2 protons and 2 neurtons emitted from a nucleus in one type of radioactivity

phosphate group

A functional group important in energy transfer (ATP and ADP).

Colony:

A group of bacteria cells

A group of children listed the number of brothers and sisters they each have. The list is shown below. 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5. What is the MODE of the numbers shown?

clause:

A group of words that are related and contain both a subject and a verb.

Phrase

A group of words that are related but do not contain a verb and a subject Ex: leaving behind the dog.; the house at the end of the street

phrase:

A group of words that are related but do not contain a verb and a subject together.

More than twice as many hydrogen atoms as Carbon atoms

A large saturated hydrocarbon will contain

Diameter of a circle:

A line that passes through the center of the circle, connecting any two points

A list of numbers is shown below. 86, 98, 98, 98, 115, 120, 45, 210, 320. What is the MODE of the numbers shown?

CONENZYME

A molecule that helps an enzyme start a reaction Ex) CoA, FAD, NAD

Bowman's Capsule:

A network of capillaries encased in a membrane in the kidney for the purpose of filtration

subject:

A noun or pronoun that perform the action of the verb. If a sentence contains a verb of being or a linking verb such as be, feel, become, or look, the subject of the sentence is the noun or pronoun being desctribed.

Subject

A noun or pronoun that performs the action of the verb. If a sentence contains a verb of being or a linking verb such as BE, FEEL, BECOME, or LOOK, the subject of the sentence is the noun or pronoun being described

Deoxyribonucleic acid:

A nucleic acid found in all living cells which carries the organism's hereditary information

Possessive pronoun

A pronoun used to indicate ownership. Ex: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ,our, ours, your, yours, their, theirs; only use apostrophes on possessive nouns that are not paired with a proper noun but never on Theirs

possessive pronoun:

A pronun used to indicate ownership

Enzyme:

A protein catalyst

Afferent Nerve:

A sensory nerve that contains processes of sensory neurons and carries nerve impulses to the CNS

Period:

A series of these indicates omission in quoted material

A set of data is shown below. 5, 6, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12. What is the MEDIAN of the data?

Aqueous:

A solution with water as the solvent

fahrenheit

A temperature scale with the freezing point of water 32 degrees and the boiling point of 212 degrees is also known as, German physicist who invented the mercury thermometer and developed the scale of temperature that bears his name (1686-1736)

noun:

A word for: 1. person, 2. place, 3. thing.

Direct Dialogue Example

A'ishah said " I haven't finished studying for the exam and it begins in 1 hour."

water soluable vitamins

A,D,E,K

Area of a Circle:

A= Pi x r ^2

Area of a triangle;

A=1/2 b x h

DNA Codons

ATCG Pairs with TAGC Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

RNA Codons

AUCG Pairs with UAGC Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Electrolyte:

An ionic substance that has high electrical conductivity

Adrenergic fibers:

Any of the fibers that transmit impulses to other nerve cells, smooth muscle, or gland cells by norepinephrine

barbarous

Barren

Cellular Respiration Formula

C6 H2 06+ 6 02> 6 H20 + Energy

Octyne

C8 H14

Fahrenheit to Celsius

C=(F-32)/1.8

Circumference of a circle:

C=2 x Pi x r

Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart

Gaseous State of Matter

Changing volume, changing shape, low pressure, high temp

Acetylcholine (ACH):

Chemical transmitter substance released by some nerve endings

proximal

Close to trunk

Agglutination:

Clumping of foreign cells; induced by corsslinking of antigen-antibody complexes

What part of the cell does glycolysis take place?

Cytosol

Pancreas

Delivers enzymes to the small intestine

devise

Dictionary

What is tymphanic membrane?

EAR DRUM

What is cerum?

EARWAX

Embryo:

Early development of an animal or plant after fertilization

Ionic Bond

Electrical attraction between ions of opposite charges (one atom taken from the other)

Potassium

Element best for electrical conductor

Atomic Number

Equals the number of protons in an element. Serves as an ordering device for the periodic table Electronegativity decreases as atomic number increases due to greater atomic radius.

*F____ relationships (when used as proper names) I sent a thank-you note to Aunt Abigail, but not to my other aunts. Here is a present I bought for Mother. Did you buy a present for your mother?*

Family

Amnion:

Fetal membrane that forms a fluid-filled sac around the embryo

finally

Financial

Liquid State of Matter

Fixed volume, changing shape, weaker bonding, high temp, high pressure.

During which metabolic stage is glucose broken down to PYRUVATE?

GLycolysis

What organ stores bile?

Gall Bladder

Name Electromagnetic Waves Short to Long

Gamma Ray Xray Ultraviolet Ray Visible Infared Microwave Radiowave

ghost

Government

grammar

Granduer

Chlorophyll:

Green plant pigment found in chloroplast; necessary for pothosysthesis

What molecule is produced when O2 is reduced by the electrons in the electron transport chain?

H2O

Hardening of the arteries is known as: A. Atheriosclerosis B. Venous narrowing C. Micro-circulation D. Hypertension

Simile:

He is as fast as a speeding bullet.

insulin

Hormone produced by the pancreas that is released when stimulated by elevated glucose levels. This hormone decreases blood sugar levels by accelerating the transport of glucose into the body cells where it is oxidized for energy or converted to glycogen or fat for storage.

If 6 is 24% of a number, what is 40% of the same number A. 8 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20 E. 25

If Jack needs 2 ½ pints of cream to make a dessert. How many pints will he need to make 3 desserts? A. 2 ½ B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 E. 7 ½

If Shirts at a garage sale cost 0.75 each how many shirts can Abby buy for $15? A. 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 40

Neutrons

Neutral Sub atomic particles in the nucleus of an atom

parallel

Parliament

plasma (cell) membrane

Phospholipid bi-layer containing cholesterol and proteins. Receptors for communication; regulates movement into and out of the cell. AKA semipermeable membrane.

types of phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs can be divided into 3 groups: !. Intransitive verbs, 2. Inseparable verbs, 3. Seprable verbs (obligatory)

Chloroplast:

Plant cell structures containing light-sensitive chlorophyll

Properties of Water

Polar molecule, covalent bonding between hydrogen and oxygen, standard for acid base neutrality ph 7, low electrical conductivity, Max density 4degree C (standard density), Melting point 0, Boiling point 100 degrees C, High heat of evaporation, Universal Solvent.

Integumentary System

Protects internal tissues from injury,waterproofs the body, and helps regulate body temp. Also serves as a barrier.

RNA

Protein synthesis

What is the end product of aerobic glycolysis?

Pyruvate

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Rt/Lft atrium and Rt/Lft ventricles

Amino acid sequence:

Rules by which the base sequence of a DNA gene is translated into protein structures

Gamete:

Sex or germ cell

Convalent Bond

Sharing of Electrons between atoms

Subject verb agreement, THERE IS and THERE ARE.

Since THERE is not the subject, the verb agrees with what follows. e.g. There ARE many questions. There IS a quewtion.

Common Possessive Nouns in Second Person

Singular and Plural: YOUR, YOURS

Subject-Verb Agreement in Third Person

Singular: He runs; Plural: They run

Atom

Smallest part of an element that still retains original properites of an element

Potential Energy

Stored Energy (think car battery)

glucagon

The antagonist of insulin. Its release is stimulated by low blood glucose levels. It stimulates the liver, its primary target organ, to break down its glycogen stores to glucose and subsequently to release glucose to the blood.

The aural component of balance is critical for postural control during ambulation. Aural means related to the A. Eyes B. Ears C. Nose D. Hands

The bouncer's countenance discouraged brawls. Countenance means A. Message B. Presence C. Expression D. Strength

nucleotide

The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.

Alkali metals:

The colum of elements from lithium to francium

The end products of photosynthesis are ____ and _____. A. Oxygen and Glucose B. Glucose and Nitrogen C. Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide D. Carbon Dioxide and Glucose

Anode:

The negative electrode at which oxidation occurs

direct object:

The noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb and answers the question: 1. whom, or 2. what.

Object of the preposition

The noun, pronoun, phrase, or clause to which the preposition refers to Ex: At noon, AT -is the preposition and NOON- the object of the preposition

steam point

The point at which water at standard pressure boils

coulomb's law

The relationship among electrical force, charges, and distance: The electrical force between two charges varies directly as the product of the charges and inversely as the square of the distance between them.

boyle's law

The relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature; when volume increase, pressure decreases.

Actinides:

The row of elements below the periodic table

Example sentence

The senator stated that the responsibility of each CITIZEN is to become involved in HIS or HER local political organization.

molecules

The smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms; a group of like or different atoms held together by chemical forces

ice point

The temperature at which ice melts or water freezes, Fahrenheit 32..... celsius 0..... kelvin 273....

Free energy:

The thermodynamic quantity measuring the tendency of a reaction to proceed

Circumference of a circle:

The total distance around the circle

Parentheses:

These are used to enclose supplementary or explanatory material which interrupts the main sentence

Quotation marks:

These are used to enclose titles of chapters, articles, short poems or stories, song and essays

Hyperbole:

These books weight a ton.

intransitive verbs:

These don't take an object They had an argument, but they've made up now.

Subject verb agreement, NONCOUNT NOUNS or MASS NOUNS

Use singular verb for NONCOUNT NOUNS or MASS NOUNS. e.g. The FURNATURE is new.

Subject verb agreement, INTERJECTING CLAUSE or PHRASE

When ant interjectin CLAUSE or PHRASE separate the subject from the verb, the verb agrees with the subject, not with the noun or pronoun in the CLAUSE or PHRASE. e.g. The book that Shadia got from her sisters was in French. The books that Shadia got from her uncle were in English.

When the chromosomes line up in mitosis this is known as which phase? A. Telophase B. Anaphase C. Metaphase D. Prophase

Lysosome

Which of the following is needed for cellular waste recycling

adrenaline

a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin)

parallel circuit

a closed circuit in which the current divides into two or more paths before recombining to complete the circuit

starch

a complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds, fruits, tubers, roots and stem pith of plants, notably in corn, potatoes, wheat, and rice

inference

a conclusion that is not actually written in the text, but is deduced by the reader based on the info written in the text.

cortisone

a corticosteroid hormone (trade name Cortone Acetate) normally produced by the adrenal cortex

uracil

a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine

subject

a noun or pronoun that performs the action of the verb.

fission

a nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy

dipole

a pair of equal and opposite electric charges or magnetic poles separated by a small distance

Nucleus

a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction.

ion

a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative)

historical context

a piece in which the time and place it was written in will influence the work in some way. Can affect what is written (content) and how it is written (style)

growth-stimulating hormone

a pituitary hormone, widespread effects, stimulates growth of long bones, target to All body tissue and effect to Stimulates growth hormone and repair

cation

a positively charged ion

chromatography

a process used for separating mixtures by virtue of differences in absorbency

distillation

a process used to separate dissolved solids from a liquid, which is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid

Antibody:

a protein molecule that is released by a plasma cell and binds specifically to an antigen; an immunoglobulin

photon

a quantum of electromagnetic radiation

radio-isotope

a radioactive isotope of an element

sodium

a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group

proton

a stable particle with positive charge equal to the negative charge of an electron

progesterone

a steroid hormone (trade name Lipo-Lutin) produced in the ovary

monosaccharide

a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars

deoxyribose

a sugar that is a constituent of nucleic acids

glycerol

a sweet syrupy trihydroxy alcohol obtained by saponification of fats and oils

compass rose

a symbol found in most legends that indicates the cardinal directions

periodic table

a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements according to atomic number as based on the periodic law

joule

a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second, English physicist who established the mechanical theory of heat and discovered the first law of thermodynamics (1818-1889)

watt

a unit of power equal to 1 joule per second

vector

a variable quantity that can be resolved into components

resonance

a vibration of large amplitude produced by a relatively small vibration near the same frequency of vibration as the natural frequency of the resonating system

pronoun

a word that replaces and refers to a noun

Pronoun

a word that takes the place of a noun. Ex: my, mines, yours, Theirs

Pythagorean Theorem:

a^2 + B^2 = C^2 Hypotenuse is denoted by letter C

Bactericidal:

able to kill bacteria

accidentally

accommodate

accompanied

achieved

across

sympathetic nervous system

active when a person is scared, fight or flight

Parasympathetic nervous system

active while at sleep or at rest

address

re prefix

again ex: reacquaint, readjust

Address

aggravate

aisle

Urinary System

aka excretory system: Maintains water and salt balances

allotted

alright

all right

amateur

transformer

an electrical device by which alternating current of one voltage is changed to another voltage

resistor

an electrical device that resists the flow of electrical current

valence electron

an electron in the outer shell of an atom which can combine with other atoms to form molecules

single replacement reactions

an element replaces an element in another compound (AB+C -> CB+A)

neutron

an elementary particle with 0 charge and mass about equal to a proton

lipase

an enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

lugol's solution

an indicator that changes color in the presence of starch

apparent

bachelor

Bachelor

barbarian

barbarous

barren

beat

beat beatenlbeat

become

became become

subordinating conjunction

because, although, though, as, as if, when, and while

begin

began begun

bleed

bled bled

blow

blew blown

bear

bore borne/born

Business

cafeteria

calendar

come

came come

organelles

can act as a storage site, process energy, move materials, or manufacture substances

calendar

candidate

career

carriage

cast

cast cast

catch

caught caught

thyroid-stimulating hormone

causes thyroid gland cells to secrete T3 and T4; stimulates thyroid growth

conscientious

cconscientious

ceiling

mitosis

cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes, or the doubling of the chromosomes prior to division. occurs in both plant and animal cells.

ceiling

cemetery

Committee

comparative

comparatively

What are bar graphs or histograms used for?

compare frequencies of an event histograms are for continuous events bar graphs are for noncontinuous events

comparison

context

consists of surrounding words, sentences, or paragraphs that usually help to reveal the word's meaning

simple sentence

contains one clause that has a complete meaning

compound, complex sentence

contains two or more independent clauses joined together

contemptible

*Comma Abuse 15. Don't put a comma after the main clause when a dependent (subordinate) clause follows it (except for cases of extreme cont____). Incorrect (extreme contrast): She was late for class, but not because her alarm clock was broken. (incorrect) Incorrect: The cat scratched at the door, while I was eating. Correct: She was still quite upset, although she had won the Oscar.(This comma use is correct because it is an example of extreme contrast)*

contrast

*The names of God, specific de___, religious figures, and holy books God the Father,the Virgin Mary, the Bible the Greek gods, Moses, Shiva, Buddha Zeus*

deities

That part of a play or story in which the mystery is cleared up.

denouement

descent

discuss

discussion

eliminate

eminent

*ITALICS: Names of Vehicles, Foreign Words or Phrases, Words as Words, For Emp___, Words as Reproduced Sounds*

emphasis

emphasize

*If a question ends with a quotation containing an exclamation mark, the exclamation mark will supersede the question and suffice to e___ the sentence.Wasn't it Malcolm X who declared, "Why, that's the most hypocritical government since the world began!" *

end

emphasize

enemy

generator

engine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction

purpose to express feelings

evoke emotion out of the reader--poetry

exaggerate

exceed

familiar

fascinate

*Capitalize Titles preceding names, but not titles that fo___ names She worked as the assistant to Mayor Hanolovi. I was able to interview Miriam Moss, mayor of Littonville.*

ped root

foot ex: millipede, backpedal

forbid

forbade forbidden

fraternity

furniture

guidance

have

had had

guidance

handkerchief

thyroxin

hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells

parathormone

hormone synthesized and released into the blood stream by the parathyroid glands

hang

hung hung

hoping

hurried

hurriedly

hurt

hurt hurt

hygiene

hypocrisy

imminent

incidentally

incredible

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

initiates growth of ovarian follicle; stimulates secretion of estrogen in females and sperm production in males

influential

innocence

instance

*Third person singular is he she it or his, her, hers, its and him her i___*

*Be careful not to use quotation marks in an attempt to emphasize a word (the kind of thing you see in grocery store windows—Big "Sale" Today!). Underline or itali____ that word instead. (The quotation marks will suggest to some people that you are using that word in a special or peculiar way and that you really mean something else—or that your sale is entirely bogus.) *

italicize

keep

kept kept

lead

led led

leave

left left

legitimate

make

made made

loneliness

magazine

mattress

medicine

messenger

meat

met met

voltmeter

meter that measures the potential difference between two points

Asexual reproduction:

method of reproducing from one parent by means of mitosis

minute

misspell

momentous

mortgage

third person

most formal writing style

mortgage

muscle

mdcl

my dick cant be limp 1000,500,100,and 50

first person

narrator is a character within the story (I, my)

naturally

Electrons

negatively charged subatomic particles around the nucleus (orbital shell)

interneuron

nerve cell located entirely in the central nervous system that integrates sensory information and sends motor commands

Axon:

neuron process that carries impulses away from nerve cell body

naturally

nickel

niece

ninetieth

ninety

ninth

*Exception: Do not capitalize the nonsp___ use of the word "god." The word "polytheistic" means the worship of more than one god.*

nonspecific

dis prefix

not ex: disorganized, disagreeable

in prefix

not ex: invisible, inaccurate

nucleus

obedience

omitted

operate

opinion

pegeant

pageant

persuade

physically

prevalent

procedure

proceed

processor

quantity

rally

region

reign

relieve

religious

arch root

ruler ex: archenemy, tetrarch, hierarchical

ribosomes

site of protein synthesis in the cell.

sell

sold sold

soliloquy

sophomore

soliloquy

sophomore

seek

sought sought

sting

stung stung

*THERE and HERE THE SUB____ THAT FOLLOWS DETERMINES IF SINGULAR OR PLURAL. 4 Subject-Verb Agree*

subject

purpose to inform

the document talks about some fact or event--newspaper articles

purpose to persuade

the documents tries to sway reader to a particular view point--persuasive writing

Articulation (joint):

the junction of two or more bones

hormone

the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect

think

thought thought

tries

truly

try

valuable

vengeance

vengenacne

vengeance

Which cellular organelle contains enzymes that are considered digestive? A. Golgi Apparatus B. Lysosomes C. Nucleus D. Ribosomes

Allele

Which of the following is the term given to multiple forms of a gene that are produced by mutation

Quoted Marks

Though period and commas always go inside closing quotation marks, other punctuation marks can go inside or outside, depending on context.

Proportion:

Two equal ratios

Subject verb agreement, AND

Two or more subjects connected by AND require a plural verb. Shadia, Magda, and Hoda are sisters.

Two organisms live in a symbiotic relationshiop frmo which both benefit. This is best described as: A. Mutualism B. Parasitism C. Commensalism D. Conservation

Calorie:

Unit of energy equal to 4.184 joules

Which system activates vitamin D

Urinary System

Question mark:

Used after a direct question

Corticosteroids:

Used medically as an anit-inflammatory agent

Hyphen:

Used to divide a word that won't fit on same line

Quotation marks:

Used to enclose slang words, technical terms or other expressions that are unusual

Hyphen:

Used to form new words beginning with self, ex, all, trans and great

Hyphen:

Used with compound numbers

Metaphor:

Using two nouns and compare or contrast them.

Volume of a cube or Prism:

V= L x W x H or S^3

Volume of a circular cylinder:

V= Pi x r^2 x H

The surface area for absorption in the small intestine is increased as a result of

VILLI AND MICROVILLI

Superior vena cava

Veins of the upper part of the body are responsible for transporting blood to which of the following areas of the heart

dual transitive/intransitive verb

Verb that can be either intransitive or transitive. (Shadia studies, Shadia study nursing).

transitive verb:

Verb that is followed by an object. Common trnasitive verbs: build, cut, find, like, make, need, send, use, want.

linking verb:

Verb that is followed immediately by an adjective. Common linking verbs: feel, look, smell, sound, taste, appear, seem, becolme, and (get, turn, grow) when they mean become.

intransitive verb:

Verb that is not followed by a subject. Common intransitive verbs: agree, arrive, come, cry, exist, go, happen, live, occur, rain, rise,sleep, stay, walk.

Visible Waves by Color Short to Long

Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red

Covalent: 2:1

Waters _____ bonding results in a ____ ratio of hydrogen to oxygen.

What anatomical structure connects the stomach and the mouth? A. Trachea B. Spinal column C. Hepatic duct D. Esophagus

8 ounces=1 cup 2 cups= 1 pint 2 pints=1 quart 4 quarts=1 gallon

What are the US Measurements for fluid?

16 ounces=1 pound 2000 pounts=1 ton

What are the US Measurements for weight?

12 inches=1 food 3 feet=1 yard 5,280 feet=1 mile

What are the US measurements for length?

Multiplication: if you have 3^2X3^5=3^7 Division: 4^7/4^5=4^2 Exponenets: (3^2)^4=3^8 *NOTE: in order do this your bases must be the same!

What are the rules for multiplying & dividing exponets?

What is 60% of 70? A. 35 B. 42 C. 46 D. 54

two plates sliding past each other

What is Transform theory?

A three-sided figure with angles that up to 180 degrees.

What is a triangle?

The mitochondria can be thought of the "powerhouse" of the cell because of thier ability to produce the energy needed for life. This is accomplished by carrying out the process of aerobic respiration. Mitochondria have an inner membrane and outer membrane. The folds in the inner membrane are called cristae and are packed with proteins needed for teh electron transport chain to carry out its function.

What is the mitochondria?

5% or .05

What is the percentage of 1/20?

20% or . 2

What is the percentage of 1/5?

55% or .55

What is the percentage of 11/20?

15% or .15

What is the percentage of 3/20

45% or .45

What is the percentage of 9/20?

Or,Nor, And

When OR or Nor is used to connect multiple subject that are singular, a singular verb is required; when AND is used, a plural verb is necessary.; OR requires the singular verb IS, while AND requires the plural verb ARE.

Subject verb agreement, NOR, OR

When a compound subject contains both a singular and a plural noun or pronoun joined by OR or NOR, Tthe verb should agree with the part of the subject that is nearer to the verb. e.g. Shadia or her sisters are always home. Her sisters or Shadia is home.

acid-base reaction

When an acid and base mix together, neutralize one another properties, and form a salt.

newton's second law

When an object is acted on by one or more outside forces, the total force is equal to the mass of the object times the resulting acceleration., Force=Mass x Acceleration

Precent increase formula

[(new value-original value)/original value] x 100

series circuit

a circuit having its parts connected serially

preposintion combination with verbs begining with letter A:

1. Agree with, 2. Apologize for, 3. Apply to, for, 4. Approve of, 5. Argue with, about, 6. Arrive in, at, 7.

1 yard = how many feet?

3 feet

1 yd

3 ft

Subject verb agreement,CIVICS, DOLLARS, MATHEMATICS, MEASLES, and NEWS

CIVICS, DOLLARS, MATHEMATICS, MEASLES, and NEWS require singular verbs. e.g. The NEWS is on at six. DOLLARS is the exception. e.g. Five DOLLARS is a lot of money. DOLLARS are oftern used instead of euros.

preposintion combination with verbs begining with letter L:

!. Look at, out, forward to.

preposintion combination with verbs begining with letter T:

!. Take advantage of, 2. Take care of, 3. Thank for, 4. think about, of.

preposintion combination with verbs begining with letter E:

!. Escape from, 2. Excel in, at, 3. Excuse for.

preposintion combination with verbs begining with letter G:

!. Go with, to.

preposintion combination with verbs begining with letter H:

!. Hide from, 2. Hope for.

1 Kilogram

1,000 grams

1 Kilometer

1,000 meters

1 Gram

1,000 milligrams

1 Liter

1,000 milliliters

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter A1:

1. Accept, 2. Accommodate, 3. Accompanied, 4. Achieved.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter A2:

1. Address, 2. Aggravate, 3.allot, 4. Allotted.

1 Ounce

2 Tablespoons

Prejudice

Presence

Interest formula:

Principal x rate x time

annual

anxiety

diptheria

diphtheria

disappear

equip

freeze

froze frozen

Radius of a circle:

is the line segment connecting the center of the circle to any point on the circle

incredible

ingestible

lose

lost lost

region

persistent

noun

person, place, or thing

*. Do not use a capital letter when the quoted material is a fragment or only a p___ of the original material's complete sentence. Although Mr. Johnson has seen odd happenings on the farm, he stated that the spaceship "certainly takes the cake" when it comes to unexplainable activity. 4. If a direct quotation is interrupted mid-sentence, do not capitalize the s____ part of the quotation. "I didn't see an actual alien being," Mr. Johnson said, "but I sure wish I had."*

piece second

*Comma Abuse 14. Don't put a comma between the two nouns, noun phrases, or noun clauses in a compound subject or compound obj____. Incorrect (compound subject): The music teacher from your high school, and the football coach from mine are married. Incorrect (compound object): Jeff told me that the job was still available, and that the manager wanted to interview me.*

object

obligation

oblige

presence

prevalent

Translation

ribosomes produce proteins based on the instructions received from the transcription.

rid

rid rid

ridiculous

ride

rode ridden

rise

rose risen

wednesday

wholly

*Use commas to separate independent clauses when they are joined by any of these seven coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, or, nor, so, ____.The game was over, but the crowd refused to leave. The student explained her question, yet the instructor still didn't seem to understand. Yesterday was her brother's birthday, so she took him out to dinner.*

yet

*1. Coordinating Conjunction The seven coordinating conjunctions used as connecting words at the beginning of an independent clause are and, but, for, or, nor, so, and y___. When the second independent clause in a sentence begins with a coordinating conjunction, a comma is needed before the coordinating conjunction: Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz, but it was hard to concentrate because of the noise. 2. Independent Marker Word An independent marker word is a connecting word used at the beginning of an ind_____ clause. These words can always begin a sentence that can stand alone. When the second independent clause in a sentence has an independent marker word, a semic____ is needed before the independent marker word. Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz; however, it was hard to concentrate because of the noise. Some common independent markers are: also, consequently, furthermore, however, moreover, nevertheless, and therefore.

yet independent semicolon

yoke

yolk

*2nd person pliural is you, your, yours, and y___*

you

20%

10 is what percent of 50

endothermic

(of a chemical reaction or compound) occurring or formed with absorption of heat

exothermic

(of a chemical reaction or compound) occurring or formed with evolution of heat

preposintion combination with verbs begining with letter I:

!. Insist (up)on, 2. Introduce to.

preposintion combination with verbs begining with letter K

!. Keep from.

tincture

(pharmacology) a medicine consisting of an extract in an alcohol solution

example of phrasal verb

'give up' is a phrasal verb that means 'stop doing' something, which is very different from 'give'.

Subject verb agreement, SOME OF, LOT OF, fraction, percentage+OF

( SOME OF, LOT OF, or fraction, percentage+OF )+singular noun = singular verb. Some of the book is good. (SOME OF, LOT OF, or fraction, percentage+OF) + plural noun = plural verb. e.g. Some of the books are good.

ATP

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work, a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue, the chemical a cell uses to store and transfer energy within itself.

compound

(chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight

indicator

(chemistry) a substance that changes color to indicate the presence of some ion or substance

catalyst

(chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected

chemical change

(chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved

ph scale

(chemistry) p(otential of) H(ydrogen), measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14

absolute zero

(cryogenics) the lowest temperature theoretically attainable (at which the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules is minimal)

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter R1:

1. Rally, 2. realize, 3. Receiive, 4. Recede.

*Complex: composed of 1 or more dependent clauses and ___ or more independent clauses. Join an introductory dependent clause with the independent clause by a comma. Because road construction has hindered travel around town, many people have opted to ride bicycles or walk to work. Many people have opted to ride bicycles or walk to work because road construction has hindered travel around town.*

1 Milliliter

1 Cubic Centimeter

4 quarts = how many gallons

1 gallon (gal.)

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter R2:

1. Recognize, 2. Recommend, 3. Refer. 4.Referred.

preposintion combination with verbs begining with letter R:

1. Recover from, 2. Rely (up)on, 3. Rescue from, 4. Respond to.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter R3:

1. Reign, 2. Relieve, 3. Repeat.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter S1:

1. Seizee, 2. Separate, 3. Shriek, 4. Siege.

verb tenses:

1. Simple tenses, 2. Progressive tenses, 3. Perfect tenses, 4. Pefect progessive tenses.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter S2:

1. Supersede, 2. Suppress, 3. Surprize, 4.

commonly misspelled verbs begining with letter T2:

1. Tries, 2. Try, 3. Tried.

1 decameter = how many meters

progressive tenses:

1. Present progressive, 2. Past prgressive, 3. Future progessive.

1meter = how many decimeters?

1 hectometer = how many meters

100

1 meter = how many centimeters

100

hecto (h)

100

1 Meter

100 centimeters

1 kilometer = how many meters

1000

1 cup = how many tablespoons

16 T

1 gallon = how many cups

16 cups

1 Pound

16 ounces

1 mile = how many yards?

1760 yards

18 is 50 % of what number

*Compound-Complex: composed of 1 or more dependent clauses and 2___or more independent clauses. Join an introductory dependent clause with an independent clause with a comma. Separate 2 independent clauses with a comma and a coordinating conj_____ (and, but, or, for, nor, so). When it is filtered, water is cleaner, and it tastes better. Join an introductory dependent clause with an independent clause with a comma. Separate 2 independent clauses by a colon when you wish to emphasize the _____clause. Whenever it is possible, you should filter your water: filtered water is cleaner and tastes better. Join an introductory dependent clause with an independent clause with a comma. Separate 2 independent clauses by a semicolon when the second clause restates the first or when the two clauses are of equal emphasis. When it is filtered, water is cleaner and tastes better; all things considered, it is better for you.*

2 conjunction 2nd

1 p

2 c

1 Pint

2 cups

1 pint

2 cups

1 Ton

2,000 pounds

1 Kilogram

2.2 pounds

1 Inch

2.54 centimeters

1 inch

2.54 centimeters

1 in

2.54 cm

1 T

2000 lb

1 short ton

2000 pounds

1 ton = how many pounds

2000 pounds

22% of $900 = A. 90 B. 198 C. 250 D. 325 E. 375

1 day (da.) = how many hours

24 hours

**Do not use quotation marks with quoted material that is more than ___ lines in length. See Colons, *

*. Use commas to separate ____ or more words, phrases, or clauses written in a series. The Constitution establishes the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. The candidate promised to lower taxes, protect the environment, reduce crime, and end unemployment. The prosecutor argued that the defendant, who was at the scene of the crime, who had a strong revenge motive, and who had access to the murder weapon, was guilty of homicide.*

1 yard

3 feet

1 Yard

3 meters

1 leap year = how many days

366

1 quart = how many cups

4 cups

1 Gallon

4 quarts

Example of Attributive Tag and Single Quotation Marks

Alex said, "After babysitting my sitter all afternoon, I hope that I never have to sing 'The Wheel on the Bus' again"

Acid:

A compound the yields H+ ions in solution

Electrode:

A conducting substance that connects an electrolyte to an external circuit

polar covalent bond

A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive.

adjective:

A descriptive word that modifies: 1. noun or 2. pronoun.

Simile:

A figure of speech comparing two unlike things using like or as

1,050 mg

A patient is taking 150 mg of a certain prescription every day. How much of the prescription will the patient take during one week?

Prepositional Phrase

A prepositional phrase is usually composed of a preposition, an article, and an object of the preposition Ex: Bryan headed TO the mall FOR the latest release BY the band from his home state OF Oregon.

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/quotation.htm

Begin here

Article

A word that is used to limit a noun, either indefinite ; a and an; or definite ; the;

adverb:

A word that modifies: 1. verb, 2. adjective, 3. another adverb and indicates: 1. when, 2. how, 3. where, 4. why, 5. how much.

pronoun:

A word that replaces and refers to a noun.

verb:

A word that shows an action or a state being.

Indirect Dialogue Example

A'ishah says that he hasn't finished studying for the exam and it begins in 1hour.

Example

After Alejandro forgot to pick me up for ballgame, I asked him, " Don't you ever think about anyone other that yourself?"

Duodenum

After passing through the stomac, food continues into which of the following structures.

Genetic code:

Amino acid sequences

Tidal Air

Amount of air involved during normal breathing.

Complemental air:

Amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled

Beta Particle:

An electron emitted from a nucleus in one type of radioactivity

dominance

An organism with a dominant allele for a particular form of a trait will always exhibit that form of the trait. (ex. Bb ---The big B would be dominant

distal

Away from trunk

Singular Subject-verb agreement Example

Be careful when using nouns that seems plural but are actually conjugated with singular verbs; many of these end in ONE: Everyone HOPES to score well on the exam.; Any of us HAS the opportunity to score well.; None of the students USES the break period to study English.; Anyone IS welcome to study in the library.

Arteries:

Blood vessels that conduct blood flow away from the heart and into circulation

CNS

Brain and Spinal cord located in the dorsal cavity

Bronchioles:

Branching air passageways inside the lungs

Dendrite:

Branching neurons that transmit the nerve impulse toward the cell body

Breathing properly requires the presence of what compound that affects surface tension of alveoli in the lungs? A. Potassium B. Plasma C. Surfactant D. Sodium Chloride

Carbon dioxide

By products of cellular respiration is used by autotrophs in the production of glucose

Subject verb agreement, COLLECTIVE NOUNS

COLLECTIVE NOUNS are considered singular and take a singular verb. e.g. The COMMITTEE is in session. However, it could take a plural verb. The CREW are preparing to dock the ship.(American)

Cholesterol that is known as (LDL) stands for: A. Low-density lipoproteins B. Low-density lysosomes C. Level-density lipoproteins D. Level-density lysosomes

Systole

Contraction phase of the heart.

Catalyst

Controls the rate of chemical reactions or reations in which atoms react to come to a stable state, increases reaction rate by lowering activation energy c=catalyst, z=product x,y =reactant x+c=xc xc+y=xyc =cz=c+z

Subtract 32 then multiply by 5/9

Convert degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius

Multiply by 9/5 then add 32

Convert degrees to Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit

Transcription

Copy of instructions from DNA to RNA, occurs in G1 phase of cell cycle

Distance Formula

D=rate/time

past progessive:

Expresses an event that occurred, was still in progress, and probably did contiue when another event occurred, all in the past. (Shadia was sleeping when her uncle arrived). Form: (was, were) + past participle.

Avogadros's Law

Equal volume of gases contain the same number of molecules.

Avogadro's Law:

Equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules

Everyone in the bank-including the manager and the tellers, ran to the door when the fire alarm rang. A. tellers, ran B. tellers:ran C. tellers, had run D. tellers-ran E. tellers' ran"

Subject-verb agreement

Ex: The two women work well together in their group assignment.

present perfect progressive:

Expresses an event that has occurred in the recent past and continue to be in progress up till now. (Shadia has been sleeping for two hours). Form: (has, have) been + present participle.

past perfec progressive:

Expresses an event that occurred in the past and had been in progress when another event occurred, all in the past. (Shadia had been sleeping for two hours when her uncle arrived). Form: (had been + present participle.

presaent progessive:

Expresses an event that occurred in the past, is in progress now, and will probably will continue in the future. (Shadia is sleeping now). Form: (is, are) + present paticiple.

If a discount of 20% off the retail price of a desk saves Mark $45, how much did he pay for the desk? A. $145 B. $160 C. $180 D. $210 E. $215

Gas exchange occurs in which of following tissues? A. Veins B. Arteries C. Capillaries D. Skin

1/10

If a family's total income is spent on teh following expenses: one-fourth for the mortgage, one-eighth for car payments, one-eight for groceries, two-fifths on other expenses and the rest to savings, what fraction of the family's total income goes towards savings?

How much heat is needs to be removed in order to condense a gas to a liquid? (Formula)

H=-ML h:heat needed m: mass l: latent heat

How much heat is needed to vaporize a liquid? (Formula)

H=ML h: heat needed m: mass l: latent heat

Quoted expresions:

He said, "I will be ready on time."

Lymphatic System

Helps cleans the blood and houses the white blood cells that are involved in protecting the body from pathogens.

Estrogen:

Hormones that stimulate female secondary sex characteristics

Metaphor:

I am a rainbow.

26,250

If Sara's current salary is 25,000 per year and she is due to get a 3% raise this year in addition to a 2% cost of living increase, how much will her salary be after these increases take effect?

If a circle has the diameter of 8, what is the circumference? A. 6.28 B. 12.56 C. 25.13 D. 50.24 E. 100.48

Single Quotation Marks

If one quote exists inside another quote, then single quotation marks are used to designate the inside quote.

Quoted Material

If the quoted material enclose a question or an exclamation, then a question mark or exclamation point should be included within the quotation marks; and if the question mark or exclamation point applies to the whole sentence, then it should be placed outside of the quotation marks.

Quoted Material

If the quoted material occur at the end of a sentence, a a period should be placed within the quotation marks; If the material is in the middle of a sentence, a comma should be placed inside the closing quotation marks

In a redox reaction the reducting agent will A. Lose electrons and be reduced B. Lose electrons and be oxidized C. Gain electrons and be reduced D. Gain electrons and be oxidized

irrational

Is pi a rational number or irrational number?

Aerobic:

In the presence of oxygen

Comma:

Introductory words, such as yes and no, are set apart by these

Non-repeating and Non-terminating Decimals, pi

Irrational Number

Fascia:

Layers of fibrous tissue covering and separating muscle

What did one burp say to the other burp?

Let's be stinkers and go out the other end.

Filtrate:

Liquid that passes through the pores in a filter

Oxidation Reduction Reaction Leo goes ger

Loss of electrons is oxidation, gain of electrons is reduction. Important types of oxidation reducation reactions are metabolism, photosynthesis, combustion

33 1/3%

Marci is planning ot sell all her shares of a certain stock if their value falls to $30 per share. If the value of the stock is now $45 per share, by what percent would they ahve to fall for Marci to tell?

Active Transport:

Membrane transport processes for which ATP is provided

celsius

Metric unit for measuring temperature; On this scale water freezes at zero and boils at 100.

What is the main cellular structure involved in respiration

MitoChondria

Centrosomes

Mitosis and cell division, spindle fibers are associated with which of the following organelles.

Adhesion:

Molecular attraction between dissimilar molecules.

Digestion begin here?

Mouth

Best Teacher Ever

Mr. Noteboom

Bowman's Capsule

Network of capillaries encased in a membrane in the kidney for purpose of filtration.

What is a major component of Amino Acids?

Nitrogen

Coenzyme:

Nonprotein substance associated with activating an enzyme, typically a vitamin

PH Levels

Normal=7 Lower than 7= Acidic Higher than 7=Basic

Atomic Number:

Number of protons in nucleus

Subject verb agreement, ONE OF, EACH OF, EVERY ONE

ONE OF, EACH OF, EVERY ONE OF are immediately followed by plural noun and the verb is singular. e.g. Every one of my friends is here.

Dominant traits:

Occurs when one allele masks or suppresses the expression of its partner

PNS

Peripheral nervous system autonamic nervous system-controls body functions like heart beat, and digestion sensory somatic nervous system 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves controls actions like walking and talking

Proteins

Phenotypes are seen due to the production of ___ from the genotypic code found in the cell nucleus

Protons

Positively charged sub atomic particles. Found in the nucleus of an atom.

messenger RNA (m-RNA)

RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell, the form of RNA that carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in the cell

Basal metabolic rate:

Rate at which energy is expended by the body per unit of time under controlled conditions

All fractions, repeating and terminating decimals

Rational Number

Which wavelength of light is best absorbed by chlorophyll? A. 500 nm B. 550 nm C. 660 nm D 485 nm

Adaptation:

Receive, interpret and respond to internal and external stimuli via the nervous system

Erythrocytes:

Red blood cells

Litmus Paper

Red=acidic Blue=Basic

Atrophy:

Reduction in size or wasting away of organ or cell from disease or lack of use

Fermentation:

Release of energy from sugar without the use of oxygen; anaerobic respiration

Subject verb agreement, SCISSORS, TWEEZERS, TROUSERS, SHEARS, etd.

SCISSORS, TWEEZERS, TROUSERS, SHEARS, etd. require plural verb. e.g. Shadia's TROUSERS are too small for her

Sarah has a 20 dollar bill and a 5 dollar bill. If she purchases two items, one for $11.23 and the other for $8.32, then how much money does she have left over? A. $3.75 B. $5.45 C. $6.34 D. $7.77 E. $8.12

schedule

Science

list of phrasal verbs:

See:http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/phrasal-verbs-list.htm

Cotyledon:

Seed leaf that stores food for a plant embryo of seed plants

Pronoun In Third Person

Singular: He, she, him, her, it, hers, his, its; Plural: They, them, their, theirs

Pronoun in First Person

Singular: I, me, mine, my; Plural: we, us, our, ours

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/607/02/

Start

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/621/1/

Start

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/607/1/

Start here

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/italics.htm

Start2

Corticosteroids:

Steroid hormones released by the adrenal cortex

Physiology

Study of the function of the organs

Anatomy

Study of the structure of organs and body systems.

Elements

Substances that cannot be broken into simpler types of matter.

Disaccharide:

Sugar formed by the combination of two simple sugar molecules

Cardiovascular Blood Flow

Superior Vena Cava, Right Atrium, Tricuspid Valve, Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Valve, Pulmonary Artery, Lungs (oxygenated) left artium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta

9- Joules

Suppose a 2 Kilogram mass is traveling 3 meters/ second which of the following is the objects kinectic energy

Emulsion:

Suspension of two liquids which are incapable of mixing or attaining homogeneity

Colloid:

Suspension that does not separate on standing

Indirect Dialogue

Tells ABOUT what someone said

Direct Dialogue

Tells EXACTLY what someone said rather than telling about it

*4. Do not use commas to set off essential elements of the sentence, such as clauses beginning with that (relative clauses). Th__ clauses after nouns are always essential. That clauses following a verb expressing mental action are always essential. That clauses after nouns: The book that I borrowed from you is excellent. The apples that fell out of the basket are bruised. That clauses following a verb expressing mental action: She believes that she will be able to earn an A. He is dreaming that he can fly. I contend that it was wrong to mislead her. They wished that warm weather would finally arrive. Examples of other essential elements (no commas): Students who cheat only harm themselves. The baby wearing a yellow jumpsuit is my niece. The candidate who had the least money lost the election. Examples of nonessential elements (set off by commas): Fred, who often cheats, is just harming himself. My niece, wearing a yellow jumpsuit, is playing in the living room. The Green party candidate, who had the least money, lost the election. Apples, which are my favorite fruit, are the main ingredient in this recipe. Professor Benson, grinning from ear to ear, announced that the exam would be tomorrow. Tom, the captain of the team, was injured in the game. It is up to you, Jane, to finish. She was, however, too tired to make the trip. Two hundred dollars, I think, is sufficient.*

That

Adverb sentence example

That student performs POORLY in a test environment, but he performs WELL in a relaxed setting.

Cranial nerves:

The 12 nerve pairs that arise from the brain

The first part of the test was on chemistry, the second on mathematics, and the third on english. A. on mathematics, and the third on english. B. on mathematics; and the third on English. C. on Mathematics; and the third on English. D. on mathematics, and the third on English. E. on mathematics: and the third on English.

taxonomy

The scientific classification of organisms into specially named groups based either on shared characteristics or on evolutionary relationships as inferred from the fossil record or established by genetic analysis.

The first American to win a Nobel Prize was ______ for measuring the speed of light. A. Albert Einstein B. Albert Michelson C. Grimaldi D. Thomas Young

Quoted Mark

The first word of direct dialogue is capitalized if the quoted contain a complete sentence.

Fulcrum:

The fixed point on which a lever moves when a force is applied to it

The functional unit of the kidney is known as? A. Medulla B. Glomerulus C. Pyramid D. Nephron

Inseparable verbs:

The object must come after the particle. Example: They are looking after their grandchildren.

Cathode:

The positive electrode at which reduction occurs

Expiration:

The process of breathing out

The process of cytoplasm division during plant cell replication is known as? A. Cytokinesis B. Photosynthesis C. Cytosynthesis D. Cytoplasmosis

Peristalsis

The propulsion of food through the gastrointestinal tract.

irregular verbs:

The simple past and past participle do not in -ed.

regular verbs:

The simple past and past participle end in -ed.

The top number on a blood pressure reading indicates: A. Diastolic pressure B. Transient pressure C. Optimum pressure D. Systolic pressure

Charles' Law:

The volume of a gas varies directly with temperature

Boyle's Law:

The volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure

The winning team of the World Series often has a jovial attitude. Jovial means A. Merry B. Sad C. Somber D. Laborious

object of the preposition:

The: 1. noun, 3. pronoun, 3. phrase, 4. or, 5. close to which the preposition refers.

What are the 4 valves of the heart?

Tricuspid:Pulmonary Valve ----Rt Side Mitral:Aortic Valve------Lft Side

Period:

This follows a declarative sentence

Period:

This follows accepted abbreviations

Period:

This follows an indirect question

Dash:

This indicates an interruption or an abrupt change of ideas in a sentence

Circulation:

Transporting oxygen and other nutrients to the tissues via cardiovascular system

Veins

Transports blood from capillaries back to the heart.

double displacement reactions

Two compounds exchange ions to form 2 or more new compounds. Occur if precipitate, gas, or molecular substance (water) forms. Most common forms are 1) Precipitation, 2) Acid-Base neutralization reactions.

Comma:

Used to separate quoted expresions

1 liter= 1,000 milliliter 100 Centiliter 10 deciliter 1/10 decaliter 1/100 hectoliter 1/1000 kiloliter

What is the metric unit of measurement for fluid?

1 gram= 1,000 milligrams 100 Centigrams 10 decigrams 1/10 decagrams 1/100 hectograms 1/1000 kilograms

What is the metric unit of measurement for mass?

cooled magma

What is: igneous?

It is a word that names a person, place or thing. It can be the subject of a sentence and it can also perform other funcitons in a sentence. Example: Dr. Carter will attend this weekend in the ER.

What is a noun?

A prime number is a number that has exactly two different factors: itself and one. Prime numbers cannot be negative numbers, 0, or 1. The six smallest prime numbers are: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13.

What is a prime number?

Related to nouns, pron ouns are small words that take the place of nouns so that writing does not become repetitive. Common pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, you, him, her, it, us, them, my, mine, your, yours, his, her hers, its our, ours, their, theirs

What is a pronoun?

This is where the action of a sentence takes place. The verb will say or do something about the condition of the subject. There are several kinds of verbs, past, present, and future.

What is a verb?

Adjectives are words that describe or modify a noun. For example: The ANOREXIC patient stated that she had lost 20 punds.

What is an adjective?

Adverbs modify a verb. (remeber a verb is where an action takes place) For example: The obese patient stated that she had RECENTLY lost 20 pounds.

What is an adverb?

1) All Cells arise from preexisting cells 2) Cells can cary out the processes of life 3) Organisms are made of cells that function together.

What is cell theory?

uptake/in

What is endocytosis?

Discharge/out

What is exocytosis?

The energy of motion.

What is kinetic energy?

rock transformed by heat and pressure

What is metamorphic?

Two plates moving against or toward each other

What is the convergence theory?

Two plates pull apart from each other.

What is the divergence theory?

Slope= (y2-y1)/(x2-x1) Slope Intercept Formula: Y=mx+b M=Slope B=Where the line crosses the Y-axis

What is the formula for the slope of a line? What is the the Slope intercept formula?

1 meter= 1,000 millimeters 100 Centimeter 10 decimeter 1/10 decameter 1/100 hectometer 1/1000 kilometer

What is the metric unit of measurement for Length?

Which of the following formulas indicate the ideal gas law? A. PV= knT or PV=RnT B. V=kT C. PV = k D. KTV =PR

Which of the following is considered a model for enzyme action? A. Lock and Key model B. Enzyme interaction model C. Transformation model D. Transcription model

Recording qualitative observations

Which of the following is considered least useful in conducting quantitative scientific research.

Which of the following is described in the definition: An object immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object? A. Archimedes' principle B. Charles' law C. Boyle's law D. Anderson's principle

Which of the following is not considered a characteristic or property of a gas? A. Volume B. Mass C. Pressure D. Particles

Which of the following is not considered a function of the kidneys? A. Secretion B. Reabsorption C. Transport D. Filtration

Which of the following organisms is considered an invertebrate? A. Cat B. Starfish C. Eagle D. Platypu

Which of the following percentages is equal to 0.45? A. 0.045% B. 0.45% C. 4.5% D. 45% E. 0.0045%

Which of the following statements about enzymes is not true? A. Enzymes are catalysts. B. Almost all enzymes are proteins. C. Enzymes operate most efficiently at optimum pH. D. Enzymes are destroyed during chemical reactions.

Which of the following statements about prostaglandins is not true? A. Prostaglandins promote inflammation. B. Prostaglandins can only constrict blood vessels. C. Prostaglandins are made in the renal medulla. D. Prostaglandins can lead to pain and fever.

Which of these percentages equals 1.25? A. 0.125% B. 12.5% C. 125% D. 1250% E. 1250.5%

Which physical characteristic of a solution may indicate the presence of a transition element? A. Its density B. Its color C. Its effect on litmus D. Its effect on phenolphthalein

Percent decrease formula

[(original value-new value)/original value] x 100

Cells : molecules

____ are higher taxonomic level of organization then _______?

phase change

a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition

physical change

a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition

ionic bond

a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion

covalent bond

a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

nonmetal

a chemical element lacking typical metallic properties

benedict's solution

a chemical indicator that, when added to a solution and heated, changes from blue to light green to red in the presence of increasing concentrations of sugar

equilibrium

a chemical reaction and its reverse proceed at equal rates

neutralization reaction

a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base interact with the formation of a salt

hydrolysis

a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds

product

a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction

reactant

a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction

nonpolar covalent bond

a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge

adjective

a descriptive word that modifies a noun or pronoun

clause

a group of words that are related and contain both a subject and a verb

Clause

a group of words that are related and containing both a subject and a verb. Ex: HE LIVES in America.

phrase

a group of words that are related but do not contain a verb and a subject together

Chlorine ions

a harmful example of a catalytic reaction involves the breakdown of ozone by the use of _____?

solution

a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Action Potential:

a large transient depolarization event, including polarity reversal, that is conducted along the membrane of a muscle cell or a nerve fiber

potassium

a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group, needed for proper muscle function

solvent

a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

RNA

a long linear polymer of nucleotides, in nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes, ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins

DNA

a long linear polymer, in nucleus, formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix, contains info that determines inherited characteristics

gamete

a mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes

ammeter

a meter that measures the flow of electrical current in amperes

structural formula

an expanded molecular formula showing the arrangement of atoms within the molecule

metal

a mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually fused together or dissolving into each other when molten

heterogeneous mixture

a mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily

homogeneous mixture

a mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture

anion

a negatively charged ion

nitrogenous base

an organic base that contains nitrogen, such as a purine or pyrimidine; a subunit of a nucleotide in DNA and RNA

Fibrin:

a white, insoluble protein

preposition

a word such as by, at, to or from that give additional information, usually a relationship to something else in the sentence

article

a word that is used to limit a noun either indefinite (a and an) or definite (the)

adverb

a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb and indicates when, how, where, why, or how much REMEMBER: -LY

Adverb

a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb answers questions how, when, where, and to what extent. Ex: He walked QUICKLY.; They commonly end in -ly

hydrocarbon

an organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen

Saturated Hydrocarbons

alkanes most basic structure for hydrocarbons, single bond formula=CnH2n+2 Ethane C2H6

aisle

allot

allotted

electron

an elementary particle with negative charge

sucrase

an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose

homozygote

an individual which contains only one allele at the allelic pair; ex DD is Homozygous dominant and dd is homozygous recessive

newton's first law

an object at rest will stay at rest, an object that is moving will stay moving unless disturbed by an un balanced force.

lipid

an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents, a fat molecule or a molecule that has similar properties; examples include oils, waxes, and steroids

What are line graphs used for?

show changes over a period of time or compares the relationship between two quantites

anxiety

autosome

any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

organic compound

any compound of carbon and another element or a radical

protease

any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process known as proteolysis

fatty acid

any of a class of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that form part of a lipid molecule and can be derived from fat by hydrolysis

polysaccharide

any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules

aldehyde

any of a class of highly reactive chemical compounds

ketone

any of a class of organic compounds having a carbonyl group linked to a carbon atom in each of two hydrocarbon radicals

amylase

any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants, breaks the chemical bonds in starches

alcohol

any of a series of volatile hydroxyl compounds that are made from hydrocarbons by distillation

disaccharide

any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield two monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis

Allele:

any of the alternative forms of a gene

noble gas

any of the chemically inert gaseous elements of the helium group in the periodic table

element

any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter

parathyroid gland

any one of four endocrine glands situated above or within the thyroid gland

matter

anything that has mass and takes up space

*When an attribution of speech comes in the middle of quoted language, set it ap___ as you would any parenthetical element: "I don't care," she said, "what you think about it." Be careful, though, to begin a new sentence after the attribution if sense calls for it: "I don't care," she said. "What do you think?"*

apart

apparent

appearance

appropriate

choosing an appropriate source

appropriate means two things: information should be to the point and should be credible or authoritative

arctic

argument

arise

arose ansen

argument

arrangement

eat

ate eaten

Cystalline Order

atoms arranged in a highly ordered state (solid) form.

Covalent bond:

atoms linked together by sharing valence electrons

octet rule

atoms react by gaining or losing electrons so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas, usually eight valence electrons

Isotopes

atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in each element

auxiliary

awkward

compel

*Pattern Five: Complex Sentence This pattern is an example of a complex sentence with a dependent marker. Dependent marker dependent clause[ , ] Independent clause[ . ] Examples of dependent markers are as follows: because, bef___, since, while, although, if, until, when, after, as, as if. Example: Because doctors are concerned about the rising death rate from asthma, they have called for more research into its causes.*

before

beggar

ism suffix

belief in ex: nationalism, activism

Opinions

beliefs based on personal judgments, rather than indisputable facts

bagger

believe

beneficial

benefited

bend

bent bent

bet

bet bet

bid

bid bid

buscuit

biscuit

compel

compelled

buy

bought bought

bind

bound bound

*Quote context If the context of your quote might be unclear, you may add a few words to provide clarity. Enclose the added material in bra_____. Added Material: The quarterback told the reporter, "It's quite simple. They [the other team] played a better game, scored more points, and that's why we lost."

brackets

Nervous System consists:

brain,spinal cord,and nerves

breed

bred bred

biscuit

brilliant

broadcast

broadcast broadcast

break

broke broken

bring

brought brought

burst

burst burst

business

compelled

competent

competition

meiosis

cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms. consists of a doubling of chromosomes and then two subsequent divisions. Thus the products are four "daughter cells" each with half the normal number of chromosomes.

cemetery

doppler effect

change in the apparent frequency of a wave as observer and source move toward or away from each other

characteristic

chauffeur

Digestive System Mouth

chemical and mechanical breakdown of food through tearing and chewing of food and release of enzyme saliva helps breakdown carbohydrates

The circumference of a circle is the length around it. The circumference of a circle can be calculated from its diameter using the formula: C=Pi*D

circumference of a circle

*In proofreading and editing your writing, remember that quotation marks always travel in pairs! Well, almost always. When quoted dialogue carries from one paragraph to another (and to another and another), the closing quotation mark does not appear until the quoted language finally ends (although there is a beginning quotation mark at the start of each new quoted paragraph to remind the reader that this is quoted language). Also, in parenthetical documentation (see the Guide to Writing Research Papers), the period comes after the parenthetical cita___ which comes after the quotation mark" (Darling 553).*

citation

*Everyone seems to be a plural subject, but it is always singular. Ex: Not only the students but also their instructor ________ been called to the principal's office. With paired conjunctions such as either ... or and not only ... but also, the subject cl-__ to the verb -- in this case, the singular 'instructor' -- determines whether the verb will be singular or plural.*

closer

*When subjects are connected with the word, or, the subject that is clo___ to the verb will determine whether the verb it is singular or plural. Ex: Some of the votes seem to have been miscounted. Some is the subject of the sentence. It is plural because the word votes Makes it a countable indefinite pronoun. *

closer

*Write each person's spoken words, however brief, as a separate paragraph. Use commas to set off dialogue tags such as "she said" or "he explained." If one person's speech goes on for more than one paragraph, use quotation marks to open the dialogue at the beginning of each paragraph. However, do not use clos____ quotation marks until the end of the final paragraph where that character is speaking.*

closing

cling

clung clung

*If the quoted speech follows an independent clause yet could be part of the same sentence, use a col___ to set off the quoted language: My mother's favorite quote was from Shakespeare: "This above all, to thine own self be true."*

colon

*When the sentence comes to a complete halt (after what could be an independent clause) and an explanation or list will follow, use a col___*

colon

colonel

chrom root

color ex: monochrome

plasma

colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended

colonel

column

*2. Use commas after introductory a) clauses, b) phrases, or c) words that come before the main clause. a. Common starter words for introductory clauses that should be followed by a com___ include after, although, as, because, if, since, when, while. While I was eating, the cat scratched at the door. Because her alarm clock was broken, she was late for class. If you are ill, you ought to see a doctor. When the snow stops falling, we'll shovel the driveway.*

comma

*9. Use commas to set off all geographical names, items in dates (except the month and day), addresses (except the street number and name), and titles in names.Birmingham, Alabama, gets its name from Birmingham, England. July 22, 1959, was a momentous day in his life. Who lives at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC? Rachel B. Lake, MD, will be the principal speaker. (When you use just the month and the year, no c___ is necessary after the month or year: "The average temperatures for July 1998 are the highest on record for that month.")*

comma

*Further, punctuation around quoted speech or phrases depends on how it fits into the rest of your text. If a quoted word or phrase fits into the flow of your sentence without a break or pause, then a ____ may not be necessary: The phrase "lovely, dark and deep" begins to suggest ominous overtones. Following a form of to say, however, you'll almost always need a comma: My father always said, "Be careful what you wish for."

comma

commit

committed

committee

comparatively

comparisonc

completely

*Comma Abuse 13. Don't put a comma between the two verbs or verb phrases in a comp___ predicate. Incorrect: We laid out our music and snacks, and began to study.Incorrect: I turned the corner, and ran smack into a patrol car.*

compound

*Pattern Three: Compound Sentence This pattern is an example of a com_____ sentence with a semicolon. Independent clause [ ; ] independent clause [ . ] Example: Doctors are concerned about the rising death rate from asthma; they are unsure of its cause.*

compound

*Phrases such as together with, as well as, and along with are not the same as and. The phrase introduced by as well as or along with will modify the earlier word (mayor in this case), but it does not c_____ the subjects (as the word and would do). *

compound

acid

compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution

completely

compulsion

conceivable

conceive

conception

confident

*Compound: composed of 2 or more independent clauses. Join 2 independent clauses by a comma and a coordinating conj_____ (and, but, or, for, nor, so). Road construction can be inconvenient, but it is necessary. Join 2 independent clauses by a colon when you wish to emphasize the ____ clause. Road construction in Dallas has hindered travel around town: parts of Main, Fifth, and West Street are closed during the construction. Join 2 independent clauses by a semicolon when the second clause restates the first or when the two clauses are of eq____ emphasis. Road construction in Dallas has hindered travel around town; streets have become covered with bulldozers, trucks, and cones.*

conjunction fanboy 2nd equal

axon

connects one nerve cell with another over a fluid filled gap called a synapse transmission happens over 90 meters per secon

conqueror

conscience

conscientious

conscious

phrasal verb (verb phrase):

consists of a verb and a preposition or adverb that modifies or changes the meaning; The word or words that modify a verb in this manner can also go under the name particle.

heterozygote

consists of one dominant and one recessive trait

*However, don't put a comma after the main clause when a dependent (subordinate) clause follows it (except for cases of extreme contrast). Incorrect: She was late for class, because her alarm clock was broken. Incorrect: The cat scratched at the door, while I was eating. Correct: She was still quite upset, although she had won the Oscar. (This comma use is correct because it is an example of extreme cont____)*

contrast

Rebellious.

contumacious

contemptible

convenient

coolly

ortho root

correct ex: orthodontia, unorthodox

cost

cost cost

*Ex: There ----- to be some people left in this town after yesterday's flood. The subject is people which is plural so use have instead of has. Ex: Some of the grain _____ to be contaminated. Some is the subject of the sentence and it is not cou____; therefore singular.*

countable

Coolly

course

courteous

courtesy

definite

creep

crept crept

cruelty

curiosity

cut

cut cut

cylinder

deal

dealt dealt

cylinder

deceit

deveive

deceive

Deceive

deception

decide

decision

defer

deference

deferred

definite

*Pattern Six: Complex Sentence This pattern is an example of a complex sentence with a dep_____ marker. Independent clause dependent marker dependent clause [ . ] Examples of dependent markers are as follows: because, before, since, while, although, if, until, when, after, as, as if. Example: Doctors are concerned about the rising death rate from asthma because it is a common, treatable illness.

dependent

*Use a comma after an introductory phrase, prepositional phrase, or dep_____ clause. To get a good grade, you must complete all your assignments. Because Dad caught the chicken pox, we canceled our vacation. After the wedding, the guests attended the reception.*

dependent

descent

describe

description

desirable

desperate

Fetus:

developmental stage 9 weeks to birth

desperate

device

devise

dictionary

did done

Synonym:

different words with identical meanings

*Use quotation marks to set off a d____ quotation only. Examples: "When will you be here?" he asked. He asked when you will be there*

direct

*Capitalize Directions that are names (North, South, East, and West when used as sections of the country, but not as compass dir_____) The Patels have moved to the Southwest. Jim's house is two miles north of Otterbein.*

directions

disappear

disappoint

disastrous

discipline

discuss

discussion

disease

dissatisfied

dissatisfy

dissipate

distribute

current

dominant course (suggestive of running water) of successive events or ideas

dormitories

dream

dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt

draw

drew drawn

dormitories

drudgery

dig

dug dug

during which of the following stages of interphase is mRNA synthesized.

show

showed shown/showed

terra root

eart ex: terrace, extraterrestrial

geo root

earth

ecstasy

Ecstasy

efficiency

eighth

adrenal gland

either of a pair of complex endocrine glands situated near the kidney

eighth

eligible

eliminate

*If the original quote is too long and you feel not all the words are necessary in your own paper, you may omit part of the quote. Replace the missing words with an elli____ Original Quote: The quarterback told the reporter, "It's quite simple. They played a better game, scored more points, and that's why we lost."*

ellipse

possessive pronouns

first person - mine, my ; our, ours second person - your, yours ; your, yours third person - her, hers, his, its ; their, theirs

environment

*6. Use commas to separate two or more coordinate adjectives that describe the same noun. Be sure never to add an extra comma between the final adjective and the noun itself or to use commas with non-coordinate adjectives. Coordinate adjectives are adjectives with eq___ ("co"-ordinate) status in describing the noun; neither adjective is subordinate to the other. You can decide if two adjectives in a row are coordinate by asking the following questions: •Does the sentence make sense if the adjectives are written in reverse order? •Does the sentence make sense if the adjectives are written with and between them? If you answer yes to these questions, then the adjectives are coordinate and should be separated by a comma. Here are some examples of coordinate and non-coordinate adjectives: He was a difficult, stubborn child. (coordinate) They lived in a white frame house. (non-coordinate) She often wore a gray wool shawl. (non-coordinate) Your cousin has an easy, happy smile. (coordinate) The 1) relentless, 2) powerful 3) summer sun beat down on them. (1-2 are coordinate; 2-3 are non-coordinate.) The 1) relentless, 2) powerful, 3) oppressive sun beat down on them. (Both 1-2 and 2-3 are coordinate.)

equal

*Use a comma between coordinate adjectives (adjectives that are eq___ and reversible). The irritable, fidgety crowd waited impatiently for the rally speeches to begin. The sturdy, compact suitcase made a perfect gift.*

equal

Atomic Mass Number

equals the total number of protons and neutrons found within the nucleus of an atom

environment

equip

equipment

equipped

equivalent

especially

*Use quotations marks for: •Titles of short or minor works •Songs •Short Stories •Ess____ •Short Po_____ •One Act Plays •Other literary works shorter than a three act play or complete book •Titles of sections from longer works •Chapt____ in books •Arti____ in newspapers, magazines, or journals •Episodes of television and radio series*

essays poems chapters articles

exceed

excel

*3. Use a pair of commas in the middle of a sentence to set off clauses, phrases, and words that are not esse____to the meaning of the sentence. Use one comma before to indicate the beginning of the pause and one at the end to indicate the end of the pause. Here are some clues to help you decide whether the sentence element is essential: •If you leave out the clause, phrase, or word, does the sentence still make sense? •Does the clause, phrase, or word interrupt the flow of words in the original sentence? •If you move the element to a different position in the sentence, does the sentence still make sense? If you answer "yes" to one or more of these questions, then the element in question is nonessential and should be set off with commas. Here are some example sentences with nonessential elements: Clause: That Tuesday, which happens to be my birthday, is the only day when I am available to meet. Phrase: This restaurant has an exciting atmosphere. The food, on the other hand, is rather bland. Word: I appreciate your hard work. In this case, however, you seem to have over-exerted yourself.*

essential

*Pattern Eight This pattern includes an independent clause with an embedded ess_____ clause or phrase First part of an independent clause essential clause or phrase rest of the independent clause [ . ] An essential clause or phrase is one that cannot be removed without changing the overall meaning of the sentence. Example: Many doctors who are concerned about the rising death rate from asthma have called for more research into its causes.*

essential

Excel

excellent

except

exercise

exhaust

exhilaration

existence

finally

financial

existence

explain

supporting details

explain the main idea, without these details the main idea would not be supported

expository writing

explains a subject, gives groundwork info that is necessary for understanding later ideas, or analyzes info objectively.

explanation

topic sentence

express the main point of a paragraph--usually the paragraph will start with the topic sentence. Usually explained by sentences following it.

explanation

extraordinary

fascinate

february

feed

fed fed

fall

fell fallen

feel

felt felt

February

fiery

cytoplasm

fluid matrix found between the plasma membrane and the nucleus that acts as scaffolding for the organelles.

newton's third law

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

coordinating conjunctions

for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so fanboys

forecast

forecast forecast

forehead

foreign

foremost

forfeit

forgive

forgave forgiven

forget

forgot forgotten

morph root

form ex: endomorph, morphine

description structure

form of text structure that usually tends to describe or characterize a person, thing, or idea.

sequence

form of text structure where info is bulleted or in number lists

comparison-contrast structure

form of text structure where the author presents two different cases with the intent of making the reader consider the differences b/w the 2. Usually presents an action and then the effects

problem-solution structure

form of text structure where you present the problem in one paragraph and the solution in another. Or put them both in one paragraph but written in different fonts

text features

formatting devices like bold, italics, indent, and bullet/number lists. They add meaning, change the meaning, or add clarity and should be applied consistently

forsake

forsook forsaken

find

found found

fraternity

furniture

give

gave given

topic

general subject matter being covered by the work. (broad term--depression, mental health, psychology)

ghost

get

got gotten/got

government

grammar

grandeur

Colon

granstrointestinal tract does the obsorption of water primarily occur.

grow

grew grown

grief

grievance

grievous

grind

ground ground

hang (kill with a rope around the neck)

hanged hanged

Nerve Cells

have dendrites that receive stimuli from the internal and e xternal environment and bring those stimuli to the neurons for interpretation

Metalloids

have transitional properties between metals and nonmetals they are found next to the stair step line on the periodic table.

ic, ical, ac suffix

having to do with ex: endoscopic, physical, cardiac

*The noun that a pronoun refers back to is called its antecedent. A pronoun and antecedent must agree in number. Singular to singular and plural to plural. Must agree in gender: His or Her, He or She. Must be clear as to which noun is the antecedent. Ex: The nurse saw his former patient in the mall and wished that ___ had greeted him more cordially. *

subheading

headings that appear below other headings within the same category--appear in smaller type so they can be distinguished.

hear

heard heard

therm root

heat ex: exothermal, endothermic

latent heat

heat absorbed or radiated during a change of phase at a constant temperature and pressure

height

hold

held held

height

hesitancy

hesitate

*Remember that when we compound a pronoun with something else, we don't want to change its form. Following this rule carefully often creates something that "doesn't sound good." You would write, "This money is for me," so when someone else becomes involved, don't write, "This money is for Fred and I." Try these: This money is for him and me. This arrangement is between Fred and ___. Those are both good sentences.*

him

*To choose correctly among the forms of who, re-phrase the sentence so you choose between he and hi__. If you want him, write wh__; if you want he, write who. *

him whom

hesitate

hindrance

hit

hit hit

allele

homologous chromosomes and are responsible for alternative TRAITS

hoping

hypocrisy

logical conclusions

idea that follows from the facts/ideas presented in the text--it does not need to be factual or true

ananias

im right

imaginary

Ion

imbalance of electrons and protons creates a Ion.

imaginary

imitation

imminent

*8. Use commas to set off phrases at the end of the sentence that refer to the beginning or middle of the sentence. Such phrases are free modifiers that can be placed anywhere in the sentence without causing confusion. (If the placement of the modifier causes confusion, then it is not "free" and must remain "bound" to the word it modifies.) Nancy waved enthusiastically at the docking ship, laughing joyously. (correct) Inc____:Lisa waved at Nancy, laughing joyously. (Who is laughing, Lisa or Nancy?) Laughing joyously, Lisa waved at Nancy. (correct) Lisa waved at Nancy, who was laughing joyously. (correct)*

incorrect

*Use a semicolon when you link two inde____ clauses with no connecting words. For example: I am going home; I intend to stay there. It rained heavily during the afternoon; we managed to have our picnic anyway. They couldn't make it to the summit and back before dark; they decided to camp for the night. You can also use a semicolon when you join two independent clauses together with one of the following conj______ adverbs (adverbs that join independent clauses): however, moreover, therefore, consequently, otherwise, nevertheless, thus, etc. For example: I am going home; moreover, I intend to stay there. It rained heavily during the afternoon; however, we managed to have our picnic anyway. They couldn't make it to the summit and back before dark; therefore, they decided to camp for the night.*

independent conjunctive

*Comma Splices A comma splice is the use of a comma between two inde_____ clauses. You can usually fix the error by changing the comma to a period and therefore making the two clauses into two separate sentences, by changing the comma to a semi____, or by making one clause dependent by inserting a dep_____ marker word in front of it. Incorrect: I like this class, it is very interesting. Correct: I like this class. It is very interesting. (or) I like this class; it is very interesting. (or) I like this class, and it is very interesting. (or) I like this class because it is very interesting. (or) Because it is very interesting, I like this class.*

independent semicolon dependent

cumulative (loose) sentence

independent clause of the sentence comes first and is followed by modifiers that further develop the initial idea

indigestible

indispensable

inevitable

influential

Facts

info based on real, provable events or situations.

distance scale

info in the legend that tells the reader how to interpret distances on the map--usually appears as a line with a distance marking

*Use quotation marks [ " " ] to set off material that represents quoted or spoken language. Quotation marks also set off the titles of things that do not normally stand by themselves: short stories, poems, and articles. Usually, a quotation is set off from the rest of the sentence by a comma; however, the typography of quoted material can become quite complicated. Here is one simple rule to remember: In the United States, periods and commas go in___ quotation marks regardless of logic. Click HERE for an explanation (sort of).*

inside

instance

instant

intellectual

intelligence

intelligent

intelligible

intentionally

intercede

interest

*Use a dash [ — ] (or two hyphens [ -- ] on old-fashioned typewriters) or dashes as a super-comma or set of super-commas to set off parenthetical elements, especially when those elements contain int___l forms of punctuation:Do not use dashes to set apart material when commas would do the work for you. Usually, there are no spaces between the dash and the letters on either side of a dash, although the dash is frequently shown that way in documents prepared for the World Wide Web and e-mail for typographical and aesthetic reasons (because the WWW authoring and e-mail clients have little control over line-breaks).A dash is sometimes used to set off concluding lists and explanations in a more informal and abrupt manner than the colon. We seldom see the dash used this way in formal, academic prose.*

internal

* Common intro_____ words that should be followed by a comma include yes, however, well. Well, perhaps he meant no harm. Yes, the package should arrive tomorrow morning. However, you may not be satisfied with the results.*

introductory

interest

irresistible

amino acids

simple forms of protein normally used to build tissues or, under some conditions, burned for energy,

lay (put something down)

laid laid

lie (rest)

lay lain

lean

leaned/Ieant leaned/leant

legitimate

leisure

lend

lent lent

let

let let

*The apostrophe has three uses: 1.to form possessives of nouns 2.to show the omission of letters 3.to indicate certain plurals of lowercase let___*

letters

liable

library

lie (do not tell the truth)

lied lied

bio root

life ex: biochemistry, biodegradable

lightning

light

ligted/lit lighted/lit

lightning

likely

literature

livelihood

Structures of Digestive System:

liver,pancreas,esophagus,stomach, small/large instestine, rectum

thyroid gland

located near the base of the neck, produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growth, large gland in the front of the neck, it secretes hormones which regulate growth and metabolism

loneliness

context clues

look at table on page 188

maintain

maintenance

manual

*Use single quotation marks for quotes within quotes. Note that the period goes inside all quote m___. Example: He said, "Danea said, 'Do not treat me that way.'" *

marks

manual

marriage

material

mathematics

solid

matter with a definite shape and volume

mattress

*Choosing Cases in the Appositive Position An appositive is the renaming or amplification of something earlier in the sentence. In the sentence "Ronald E. Pepin, translator of several Latin texts, will speak at our symposium on translating dead languages tomorrow," the phrase "translator of several Latin texts" is a re-identification of the person's name, an appositive. Occasionally, pronouns can fall into the appositive slot of a sentence and that can create questions about case. If the appositive is renaming something that functions as a subject, the pronoun should take the subject form; if the appositve is renaming something that functions as an object, the pronoun must take the object form.The two people in charge of the symposium, Micki and I, will help pay for the damages. (where "Micki and I" renames the subject, "two people") Nobody in the auditorium, not even he, expected that a riot would break out. (where "he" agrees with the subject "nobody") My favorite professors, Dr. Pepin and she, gave interesting talks. (where "she" corresponds to the subject "professors") Great Grandmother Etherea left her money to her favorite people, Jayden and ___. (where "me" agrees with the object of the preposition "people") The bank credited two different groups, the Stamp Club and us, with making deposits on the same day. (where "us" agrees with the object "groups")

*First person case is I. Possessive is my mine and Objective is ____*

periodic sentence

meaning or point of the sentence is delaying until the end

mean

meant meant

Messenger

miniature

minute

mischievous

mislay

mislaid mislaid

*11. Use commas wherever necessary to prevent possible confusion or misread___. To George, Harrison had been a sort of idol.*

misreading

misspell

mistake

mistook mistaken

*Sometimes modifiers will get between a subject and its verb, but these mo____ must not confuse the agreement between the subject and its verb. EX: The mayor, who has been convicted along with his four brothers on four counts of various crimes but who also seems, like a cat, to have several political lives, is finally going to jail.*

modifiers

metalloid

of or being a nonmetallic element that has some of the properties of metal

*Pattern Seven This pattern includes an independent clause with an embedded non-ess____ clause or phrase First part of an independent clause [ , ] non-essential clause or phrase, rest of the independent clause [ . ] A non-essential clause or phrase is one that can be removed without changing the meaning of the sentence or making it ungrammatical. In other words, the non-essential clause or phrase gives additional information, but the sentence can stand alone without it. Example: Many doctors, including both pediatricians and family practice physicians, are concerned about the rising death rate from asthma.*

non-essential

*In reporting "silent speech"—noting that language is "said," but internally and not spoken out loud—writers are on their own. Writers can put quotation marks around it or ___: Oh, what a beautiful morning, Curly said to himself. "Oh, what a beautiful morning!" Curly said to himself.*

not

un prefix

not example: unavailable, unarmed, unattractive

pamphlet

noticeable

notoriety

*Apostrophe - add 's to the singular form of the word (even if it ends in -s): the owner's car James's hat (James' hat is also acceptable. For plural, proper nouns that are possessive, use an apostrophe after the 's': "The Eggleses' presentation was good." The Eggleses are a husband and wife consultant team.) add 's to the plural forms that do not end in -s: the children's game the geese's honking add ' to the end of plural nouns that end in -s: two cats' toys three friends' letters the countries' laws add 's to the end of compound words: my brother-in-law's money add 's to the last no___ to show joint possession of an object: Todd and Anne's apartment*

noun

obedience

*When a pronoun follows "let" in a mild exhortation, we use the ob___ form of the pronoun. We say "Let us go then," but we're apt to slip in the subject form, especially when the pronouns are compounded: "And now, let you and I take the first step toward reconciliation." (It should read "let you and me ... ") And in the Biblical admonition, we read "Let he who is without guilt cast the first stone." (It should read "Let him who is without guilt cast the first stone.")*

object

obligation

obliged

obstacle

occasion

occur

occurred

occurrence

Vaporization

occurse through phase transition=alteration of physical state between solid, liquid, and gas. Occurs by breaking the physical bonds within the liquid.

monoploid

of a cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes

zygomatic

of or relating to the cheek region of the face

omission

omit

omitted

identifying prepositions

on by above below around near to from

or, er suffix

on who takes part in ex: conductor, reporter, fighter

glycogen

one form in which body fuel is stored, An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch

isotope

one of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons

Bias

opinions or beliefs that affect a person's ability to make fair, unclouded judgments or decisions

opinion

optimistic

organization

Liver

organs produces bile that begins the breakdown of fats.

Organization

outrageous

*On the other hand, if a question ends with a quoted statement that is not a question, the question mark will go out___ the closing quotation mark. Who said, "Fame means when your computer modem is broken, the repair guy comes out to your house a little faster"? *

outside

stereotype

oversimplified opinions that do not count for individual differences, but are about an entire group of people or things.

Allergy (hypersensitivity):

overzealous immune response to an otherwise harmless antigen

Acid-base balance:

pH of blood is maintained between 7.35 and 7.45

pay

paid. paid

pageant

pamphlet

parallel

parliament

Attributive Tag

part of a sentence that indicates who said a direct quote, is followed by a comma, and the quotation marks open and close the direct dialogue.

technical writing

passes along precise info usually about a specific topic and usually is in a formal/semiformal style

pastime

7*. Use a comma near the end of a sentence to separate contrasted coordinate elements or to indicate a distinct pau___ or shift. He was merely ignorant, not stupid. The chimpanzee seemed reflective, almost human. You're one of the senator's close friends, aren't you? The speaker seemed innocent, even gullible.*

pause

permissible

pastime

perseverance

permissible

persistent

physically

physician

picnic

picnicking

piece

*Capitalize proper nouns (the names of specific people, pl___, organizations, and sometimes things)*

places

pleasant

*When used as subjects, such words as each, either, one, everybody, and anyone regularly take singular verbs.) Collective nouns take a singular verb when they refer to the group as a unit Some nouns (such as athletics, statistics, politics, series, deer, and sheep) can be either singular or pl___ depending on meaning.)*

plural

*Words such as glasses, pants, pliers, and scissors are regarded as pl___ (and require plural verbs) unless they've preceded the phrase pair of (in which case the word pair becomes the subject). EXAMPLES: My glasses were on the bed. My pants were torn. A pair of plaid trousers is in the closet.*

plural

*Possessive form pronouns are in singular his whose and in pl____ their wh___*

plural whose

politician

*If your sentence compounds a positive and a negative subject and one is plural, the other singular, the verb should agree with the pos____ subject. EX: The department members but not the chair have decided not to teach on Valentine's Day. It is not the faculty members but the president who decides this issue*

positive

politician

possess

possession

possible

practically

prairie

precede

precedence

preceding

prefer

*In a structure such as "My mother is a lot like her," we have no trouble recognizing that "like" is acting as a preposition and we need the object form of the pronoun after it. Why, then, can't we use "than" and "but" as prepositions in sentences such as "Dad's a lot taller than him" and "No one in this class has done the homework but me"? Such usage is now widely regarded as acceptable in all but the most formal writing. The same argument is sometimes used for the object form after as — "The coach is not as smart as me" — but this argument does not enjoy the cogency of using the object form after but and than.Garner* argues that when the pronoun precedes the but phrase, the objective case should be used ("None of the students were interested but him"); when the but phrase precedes the verb, the subject case is appropriate ("None of the students but he were interested"). The argument goes that in the former case but is behaving as a prep____, in the second as a conjunction. *

preposition

*. Common introductory phrases that should be followed by a comma include participial and infinitive phrases, absolute phrases, nonessential appositive phrases, and long prep____ phrases (over four words). Having finished the test, he left the room. To get a seat, you'd better come early. After the test but before lunch, I went jogging. The sun radiating intense heat, we sought shelter in the cafe*

prepositional

possessive pronoun

pronoun used to indicate ownership

pronunciation

propeller

Liberates OH- insolution

property of bases

enzymes

proteins that act as biological catalysts

*Place colons and semicolons outside closed quot___ marks. Williams described the experiment as "a definitive step forward"; other scientists disagreed. Benedetto emphasizes three elements of what she calls her "Olympic journey": family support, personal commitment, and great coaching.*

quotation

Punnet square

shows what genotypes are possible in the offspring

shrink

shrank/shrunk shrunk

index

provides a way of looking up various topics by listing the names, topics, and ideas mentioned in a text followed by the page numbers it can be found on

table of contents

provides an overview of a document, outlines the basic structure and allows the reader to quickly look up what they want.

3 functions of the nervous system

provides sensory motor and integrative functions Reacts to stimuli maintains homeostasis

psychiatrist

psychology

Diaphragm

pulls air into the body during inspiration

*Fused sentences happen when there are two independent clauses not separated by any form of punct____. This error is also known as a run-on sentence. The error can sometimes be corrected by adding a period, semicolon, or colon to separate the two sentences. Incorrect: My professor is intelligent I've learned a lot from her. Correct: My professor is intelligent. I've learned a lot from her. (or) My professor is intelligent; I've learned a lot from her. (or) My professor is intelligent, and I've learned a lot from her. (or) My professor is intelligent; moreover, I've learned a lot from her.*

punctuation

put

put put

quantity

quit

quit quit

* The titles of book-length works that are published separately are italicized. This includes books, full-length plays, if published separately, and long poems, if published separately: Novel: One Hundred Years of Solitude Play: Death of a Salesman Long Poem: Paradise Lost Chapter titles are enclosed in quotation marks (but not chapter numbers). 2. The titles of short stories are enclosed in quotation marks. 3. The titles of short poems are enclosed in quot____ marks. 4. The titles of newspaper and magazine articles are enclosed in quotation marks. 5. The titles of essays are enclosed in quotation marks. *

quotation

*10. Use a comma to shift between the main discourse and a quot____. John said without emotion, "I'll see you tomorrow." "I was able," she answered, "to complete the assignment." In 1848, Marx wrote, "Workers of the world, unite!"*

quotation

*Generally, we italicize the titles of things that can stand by themselves. Thus we differentiate between the titles of novels and journals, say, and the titles of poems, short stories, articles, and episodes (for television shows). The titles of these shorter pieces would be surrounded with double quot___ marks. In writing the titles of newspapers, do not italicize the word the, even when it is part of the title (the New York Times), and do not italicize the name of the city in which the newspaper is published unless that name is part of the title: the Hartford Courant, but the London Times. *

quotation

*Occasionally — very occasionally, we hope — we come across a sentence that seems to demand one kind of punctuation mark within quotation marks and another kind of punctuation mark outside the quotation marks. A kind of pecking order of punctuation marks takes over: other marks are stronger than a period and an exclamation mark is usually stronger than a question mark. If a statement ends in a quoted question, allow the question mark within the quot____ marks suffice to end the sentence. Malcolm X had the courage to ask the younger generation of American blacks, "What did we do, who preceded you?" *

quotation

severely

shriek

*talics are used primarily to punctuate the titles of full-length works that are published separately. There are also a couple of specialized uses for italics with titles.Qu_____ marks are used to punctuate titles of short works and parts of other works--i.e., titles of those works that are not published separately. *

quotation

run

ran run

ring

rang rung

read

read read

realize

recede

realize

receded

receive

Active

receiving a vaccination against a particular disease results in which of the following types of immunity.

receive

recognize

recommend

refer

reference

referred

second person

refers to the reader as YOU -directly to reader

Digestive Stomach

release of enzymes to further breakdown food, protease (protein digestion) intrinsic factor, hydrocholoric acid increased absorption of b12, mechanical churning of stomach breaks down food and turns into chyme

religious

repeat

repetition

representative

reservoir

resistance

restaurant

rhetoric

rhythm

shriek

shut

shut shut

siege

*Verbs in the present tense for third-person, singular subjects (he, she, it and anything those words can stand for) have s-endings. Other verbs do not add _____. EXAMPLES: He loves and she loves and they love_ and

s-endings

ridiculous

sacrifice

sacrilegious

safety

say

said said

salary

sing

sang sung

sink

sank sunk

sit

sat sat

see

saw seen

salary

scarcely

schedule

science

*The days of the week, the months of the year, and holidays (but not the sea___ used generally) Halloween, October, Friday, winter spring, fall*

seasons

secretary

seize

Chyme

semifluid mass of partially digested food enters into the duodenum 2 hormones are released secretin and cck which intiates bile release.

send

sent sent

*Independent Clause An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. An independent clause is a sent___ Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz. Dependent Clause A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. A dependent clause can___ be a sentence. Often a dependent clause is marked by a dependent marker word.A dependent marker word is a word added to the beginning of an independent clause that makes it into a dependent clause. When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz, it was very noisy. Some common dependent markers are: after, altho____, as, as if, because, bef___, even if, even though, if, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, whether, and while. When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz . . . (What happened when he studied? The thought is incomplete.)*

sentence cannot although before

sentinel

separate

set

set set

severely

*When the personal pronoun follows except, but, than, or as, you've got an argument on your hands. Traditionally, these words have been regarded as conjunctions and the personal pronoun that follows has been regarded as the subject of a clause (which might not be completed). Thus "No one could be as happy as I." (If you provide the entire mechanism of the clause — "as I [am]" — you see the justification for the subject form.) The same goes for these other conjunctions: "Whom were you expecting? who else but he?" "My father is still taller than ___" [than she is]. *

she

shed

shed shed

shine

shone/shined shone/shined

shake

shook shaken

shoot

shot shot

siege

similar

*EX: Three-quarters of the student body ____ against the tuition hike. Three-quarters represents a lump sum; a singular entity. Ex: A high percentage of the population _____voting for the new school. A high percentage is countable because of voting; therefore plural quantity. Quantities, representing a total noncountable amount are sin___. Voting indicates countable.*

singular

*Ex: Kara Walters, together with her teammates, presents a formidable opponent on the tennis court. Presents is used because sin___. The phrase together with, does not make Kara Walters a compound subject. Ex: He seems to forget that there are things to be done before he can graduate. Things is the subject. Plural so are. *

singular

*The expression "more than one" (oddly enough) takes a sin___ verb: "More than one student has tried this." *

singular

*When used as a subject or adjective these indefinite pronouns are always singular and, therefore, they take sin____ verbs. another anybody anyone anything each each one either every everybody everything much neither nobody no one nothing one other somebody something someone These pronouns may be used as subjects, and they take a singular verb. Everyone has been invited. *

singular

*When you have neither ... nor, the subject closer to the verb—in this case attitude—counts. Because attitude is singular, use bothers, the sin____ form of the verb.]Ex: to bother: Neither Fred's ratty clothes nor his sullen attitude __________ Esmeralda, who lets Fred pick up the check every time they dine out.*

singular

*The pronouns neither and either are singular and require s____ verbs even though they seem to be referring, in a sense, to two things. EXAMPLES: Neither of the two traffic lights is working. Which shirt do you want for Christmas? when nor or or is used the subject closer to the v___ determines the number of the verb. Whether the subject comes before or after the verb doesn't matter; the pro____ determines the number.*

singular verb proximity

codominance

situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism

sleep

slept slept

slide

slid slid

slit

slit slit

legend

small area on a map that explains the symbols and notations used on the map

smell

smelled/smelt smelled/smelt

audio root

sound ex: audiovisual

*Convention normally insists that a new paragraph begins with each change of sp____: "I don't care what you think anymore," she said, jauntily tossing back her hair and looking askance at Edward. "What do you mean?" he replied. "What do you mean, 'What do I mean?'" Alberta sniffed. She was becoming impatient and wished that she were elsewhere. "You know darn well what I mean!" Edward huffed. "Have it your way," Alberta added, "if that's how you feel."*

speaker

speed

sped/speeded sped/speeded

spell

spelled/spelt spelled/spelt

spend

spent spent

spill

spilled/spilt spilled/spilt

spit

spit/spat spit/spat

split

split split

spoil

spoiled/spoilt spoiled/spoilt

speak

spoke spoken

spring

sprang/sprung sprung

spread

spread spread

spin

spun spun

stink

stank/stunk stunk

ia, y prefix

state or condition ex: amnesia, democracy

steal

stole stolen

stand

stood stood

strenuous

strive

strove/strived striven/strived

strike

struck struck/stricken

string

strung strung

stick

stuck stuck

Synonym:

student and pupil

ology suffix

study of ex: archeology, bacteriology

theme

subjects that a written work frequently bring up--despair, hope, redemption--more like topics. they are concepts or ideas that appear in the book multiple times

chromatin

substance of a cell nucleus consisting of DNA and RNA and various proteins, consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins.

Condensation

subtratction of heat

suffrage

summary sentence

sum up the point made earlier in the text, driving home the message so the reader cannot forget--often found at the end of the paragraph, section, or chapter. Can provide closure

suffrage

supersede

suppress

substrate molecular surface

surface acted upon by an enzyme may effect reaction rate

suppress

surprise

swim

swam swum

Sweep

swept swept

swear

swore sworn

swing

swung swung

syllable

symmetry

teach

taught taught

Species

taxonomic specific

narrative writing

tells a story, or relates a chain of events

temperament

temperature

tendency

substance

that which has mass and occupies space

electrical potential energy

the ability to move an electric charge from one point to another

fusion

the act of fusing (or melting) together

magnetic fields

the alignment of iron minerals in rock show that earth's what has reversed over time

mass defect

the amount by which the mass of an atomic nucleus is less than the sum of the masses of its constituent particles

ampere

the basic unit of electric current adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites, a former unit of electric current (slightly smaller than the SI ampere), n. The practical unit of electric-current strength.

kelvin

the basic unit of thermodynamic temperature adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites, British physicist who invented the Kelvin scale of temperature and pioneered undersea telegraphy (1824-1907)

central nervous system (CNS)

the brain and spinal cord

quantum mechanics

the branch of quantum physics that accounts for matter at the atomic level

potential difference

the difference in electrical charge between two points in a circuit expressed in volts

solute

the dissolved substance in a solution

magnetism

the force of repulsion (pushing) or attraction (pulling) between poles of magnets

glucose

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.

specific heat

the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree centigrade

kinetic theory of matter

the idea that all matter is made up of tiny particles in constant motion

scale reading

the info obtained from a scale that shows its results along a numerical scale (pounds, degrees,etc)

purpose of writing

the main reason for writing a particular piece

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus or species

the major taxonomic group of animals and plants: Dog: Animal > Chordata > Mammal > Carnivore > Canidae > Canis > Canis Familiaris

atomic mass

the mass (in atomic mass units) of an isotope of an element

endoplasmic reticulum

the means for transport within the cell, serves to store and deliver the proteins made by the attached ribosomes. storage of enzymes and minerals and the folding of proteins. it is thought to be involved in the detoxification of chemicals and the metabolism of fats.

potential energy

the mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its position

Direct Object

the noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb and answers the question whom or what. Ex: After dinner, Matthew always SERVES a CAKE.

direct object

the noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb and answers the question whom, or what -separates the subject from the verb

Antecedent

the noun that a pronoun refers; Ex: Mom went to the store before I could remind her to buy ingredients for my favorite dish, her special spicy spaghetti.

object of the preposition

the noun, pronoun, phrase, or clause to which the preposition refers

atomic number

the order of an element in Mendeleyev's table of the elements, number of protons

transcription

the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA

increase of 33.3 %

the percent of change for $3 to $4

charle's law

the physical law that the volume of a fixed mass of gas held at a constant pressure varies directly with the absolute temperature

vapor pressure

the pressure exerted by a vapor

base

the principal ingredient of a mixture

conservation of momentum

the principle that the total linear momentum in a closed system is constant and is not affected by processes occurring inside the system

anaerobic respiration

the process by which cells obtain energy from an energy source without using oxygen

aerobic respiration

the process in which pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is used to make a large amount of ATP; the part of respiration that is carried out in the presence of oxygen

condensation

the process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state

evaporation

the process of extracting moisture

melting

the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid

solubility

the quantity of a particular substance that can dissolve in a particular solvent (yielding a saturated solution)

independent assortment

the random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes

voltage

the rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit

mass number

the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus

triple point

the temperature and pressure conditions at which the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a substance coexist at equilibrium

hertz

the unit of frequency, German physicist who with James Franck proved the existence of the stationary energy states postulated by Bohr (1887-1975)

text structure

the way in which a given text is organized--it makes the text easier to read and emphasize the author's points. Place related info in close proximity or in an established layout

diastole

the widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood, relaxation phase of the heartbeat

freezing

the withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid

main idea

the work's specific message, the reason the text was written--written more as a sentence or statement to prove something

*3rd person plural is they, their, theirs, and th____*

them

*Pattern Four: Compound Sentence This pattern is an example of a compound sentence with an independent marker. Independent clause [ ; ] independent marker [ , ] independent clause [ . ] Examples of independent markers are the following: there___, moreover, thus, consequently, however, also. Example: Doctors are concerned about the rising death rate from asthma; therefore, they have called for more research into its causes.*

therefore

chromosomes

threadlike structures made of DNA bonded to various proteins and that carries the genes determining heredity.

Interphase

three steps G1, S, G2 G1 dna double helix unwinds rna bases pair with dna to form messenger strand S dna helix unwinds with of help of enzymes,hydrogen bonds break and two complementary strands are formed. G2 continues cell growth and protein synthesis

throw

threw thrown

thrust

thrust thrust

transferred

tired

heading

titles that preface a section of text. they advertise the subject of the text found beneath them and make it easier to skim for a particular topic

tell

told told

take

took taken

tear

tore torn

tendency

tournament

tragedy

transfer

try

twelfth

synthesis (combination) reactions

two or more simple substances are combined to form one new or more complex substance, Involve 2 or more reactants that combine to create a new product. 2H2 + O2 >>> 2H2O

tyranny

unanimous

understand

understood understood

undertake

undertook undertaken

unusual

upset

upset upset

Bladder

urine is stored

*First person plural is we, our, ours, u__*

unusual

usage

*Comma Abuse Commas in the wrong places can break a sentence into illogical segments or confuse readers with unnecessary and unexpected pauses. 12. Don't use a comma to separate the subject from the ve___. Incorrect: An eighteen-year old in California, is now considered an adult. Incorrect: The most important attribute of a ball player, is quick reflex actions.*

verb

*An independant clause is a stand alone clause that has a s_____ and verb. 2 independent clauses are joined by a comma and a coordinationg conjunction FAN_____*

verb fanboy for and nor but or

vigilance

villain

vigilance

villian

villain

was,were been

wednesday

went gone

weep

wept wept

phenotype

what an organism looks like as a consequence of its genotype

decomposition reactions

when a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules, atoms, or ions.

lactic acid

when a muscle continues to burn sugar but doesn't have enough oxygen do it properly and becomes sore

Hydrogen

when examining electronegativity values, which of the following atoms will form the least polar bond with Hydrogen

Hydrogen

which fo the following types of bonds is primarily responsible for base pairing in complementary strands of DNA

77 neutrons and 114 electrons

which of the following indicates the number of neutrons and electrons for a neutral istope of iridium (Ir) that has a mass number of 191

*The only problem most writers have with whose is confusing it with who's, which looks like a possessive but is really the contraction for who is. In the same way that we should not confuse his with he's (the contraction for he is or he has), we should not confuse whose with ____. Who's that walking down the street? Whose coat is this? I don't care whose paper this is. It's brilliant! Whose can be used to refer to inanimate objects as well as to people (although there is a kind of folk belief that it should refer only to humans and other mammals): "I remember reading a book — whose title I can't recall right now — about a boy and a basenji."*

who's

*Place a question mark or exclamation point within closing quotation marks if the punctuation applies to the quotation itself. Place the punctuation outside the closing quotation marks if the punctuation applies to the wh___ sentence. Phillip asked, "Do you need this book?" Does Dr. Lim always say to her students, "You must work harder"?*

whole

*The singular object form is him, wh___ and the plural object form is them whom.*

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