Transactional Analysis
65. How did Eric Berne view people?
Berne believed that during their first few years of life people developed a personal plan for their life (known as a life script) . He believed that this script was born out of a person's need to physically and psychologically survive.
69. What is involved in redecisions?
Changing a decision they had previously made; redeciding in the moment. Anything that has been learned can be relearned. Helps members experience when they get stuck
71. What are strokes?
Any act of recognition or source of stimulation. An exchange of strokes defines a transaction. Humans need both psychological and physical strokes to develop a sense of trust in the world and basis for loving themselves. Psychological stroke is verbal and nonverbal signs of acceptance and recognition. Strokes can be classified as verbal/nonverbal, unconditional (being)/conditional (doing), and positive (warmth and affection)/negative (set limits/give feedback to other people).
70. How is a contract used in TA?
Contracts are the key to TA treatments and are the central focus of the initial stage. Contract is specific and measurable and contains a concrete statement of the objectives group participants intend to attain and how and when these goals are to be met. The leader is responsible for pointing out flaws and sabotages and must help members achieve their contracts. Intended for practical tools for helping people change themselves.
66. What are rackets?
A habitual feeling (depression, guilt, anger, sadness) to which people chronically cling to after a game.
64. Describe the three ego states in TA (12-2a:The Ego States):
1. Parent: A state in which the person's morals, values, and beliefs reflect those of their parents. This stage is divided into two subcategories; the Nurturing Parent (NP) and the Controlling Parent (CP). The NP is outwardly affirming to the individual but may concurrently discount other's feelings with phrases such as "oh you poor thing". The CP provides structure aimed to increase the success in the individual but can also be critical and often to discount the Child ego state in others. 2. Adult: The Adult ego state is a non-emotional thinking state that computes possibilities and makes decisions, and represents what we have learned and thought out for ourselves. The Adult often negotiates between the Child's wants and the Parent's shoulds. 3. Child (P-A-C): The Child ego state is the original part of us that we use to form long-lasting relationships; it consists of feelings, impulses, and spontaneous actions and includes "recordings" of early experiences. The Child ego state is divided into Natural Child (NC) and Adapted Child (AC). The positive aspects of the NC are the spontaneous,loving and charming parts of all of us. The negative aspect of the NC is to be overly impulsive.The positive aspect of the AC is that we respond appropriately in social situations. The negative aspect of the AC involves over adapting and giving up our power and discounting our value, worth, and dignity.
67. What are games?
Games are a series of stereotyped and predictable patterns of behavior designed to prevent intimacy and to provide a negative payoff for at least one player.
68. What did Mary and Robert Goulding contribute to TA?
Gouldings differed from classical TA and combined TA with Gestalt therapy, family therapy, psychodrama, and behavior therapy. Added Redecision Therapy
